The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its properties - Robert Andrews Millikan

Absorption frequencies, [199] ff.
Absorption spectra, [200] ff.
Alpha particles: charge of, [158] f.,
[180]; deflection of, [192]; penetration
by, [190], [194]; range of,
[190]
Amperian current, [21]
Angular momentum, atomicity of,
[216]
Aristotelian philosophy, [9]
Atom, [26]; the Bohr, [209]; constituents
of, [41], [189]; in helium,
[141]; hydrogen, [26], [27], [42], [215];
impenetrable portion, [194]; loose
structure of, [139], [194]; miniature
stellar system, [141]; multiply
charged [143]; nucleus of, [193];
size of, [183]; structure of, [182];
a system, [184]
Atom-ion theory, [37]
Atomic numbers of elements, [286]
Atomic structures, [222], [224], [229],
[230], [231]; and spectral lines,
[205]
Atomic system, [193]
Atomic theories: of matter, [6], [7], [8],
[10], [15], [77], [157]; of electricity,
[15], [23] f., [66], [163]; and strain
theory, [18]
Atomic weight, [196], [202], [206], [207]
Atoms, number of, [195]
Avogadro’s constant, [30], [261];
rule, [183]
Balance, electrical 103; quartz,
[103]
Balanced-drop method, [57] ff., [66]
Balmer-Ritz equation, [210], [215]
[216]
Balmer series, [204], [213], [214] f.; constant
of, [214]
Black-body radiation, [232], [236],
[237]
Bohr atom, [209], [211] ff.; orbits for
hydrogen, [215]; theory, [210], [214],
[230], [231]; quantum principle,
[218]
Bohr-Sommerfeld model of hydrogen
atom, [219]
Bohr’s: derivation of Rydberg
constant, [282]; periodic table,
[226]
Brownian movements, [10], [131],
[136], [145] ff., [147], [164], [167], [170],
[171], [175], [268], [270]; determining
from, [167]; Einstein-, equation,
[151], [156], [175], [180]; equation,
[268]; experiments with dust-free
air, [165]; fluctuations of,
[171]; in gases, [145], [149], [150],
in liquids, [156]
Cathode rays, [23] f.; charge on, [80];
for, [42]; frequencies of X-ray
spectra, [197] f.
Cavendish Laboratory, [33], [35],
[44], [48], [54]
Charge: of alpha particle, [158] f.;
change of, in drop, [77], [133], [249];
constant molecular, [19]; electrical,
[22], [28], [30], [40], [46]; free
positive, on atoms, [196]; frictional,
[72], [73], [76]; granular
structure of, [77]; ionic, [47], [76];
mass of, on sphere of radius
,
[272]; multiple, [143]; positive
and negative, [12], [27]; ratio of,
to mass, [42]; single, [134], value
of, [59]
Cluster-ion theory, [37]
Compton effect, [256], [257] f., [259],
[260], [261] ([Fig. 36]); theory of scattering,
[284] ff.
Corpuscular theory, [233]
Coulomb, [28]
Democritus, principles of, [9]
Discontinuity, of radiation, [244],
254
Drop: density of, [114]; law of
motion of, [124]; rigid, [87];
velocity of, [86]; weighing the,
[102]
Duane’s effect, [246]
: constant value of, [169], [177];
essential elements of measurement,
[124]; exact evaluation of,
[90], [103], [114] f.; final value of, [120],
[26]; fundamental physical and
chemical constant, [17]; H. A.
Wilson’s work on, [54]; method of
obtaining, [138], [160], [162] f.; Sir
J. J. Thomson’s work on, [49], [33];
Townsend’s work on, [43] ff.,
[263]; variation in, [169], [171], [172]
Einstein-Bohr equation, [248]
Einstein’s equation, [146] f., [149], [156];
[157], [238], [239], [242], [243], [247],
[230]; history of, [244] ff.
Einstein’s quantum theory, [237],
[236]
Electricity: absolute unit of, [29],
[31]; atomic theory of, [6], [10], [21],
[66]; early views of, [6] f.; Franklin’s
theory of, [14], [20], [24];
growth of theories of, [10] f.; ion
of, [28]; and light, [232]; and matter,
[186]; proof of atomic
nature of, [66], [131]; structure
of, [3], [4]; two-fluid theory, [13]
Electrolysis, [27], [28], [43]
Electrolytic laws, [25]
Electromagnetic theory of mass,
[20], [183], [187]; conflict with, [212]
Electron, [4], [26], [77], [261]; basis of
all static charges, [72]; early
values of, [27-63]; energy of,
[239], [250], [282]; mass of, [27]; origin
of the word, [23]; positive
and negative equal, [82], [83],
[182], [208]; radius of, [183] f.,
[188]; speed of, [191]; theory of,
[11], [21], [24]
Electronic energy, [245]
Electronic orbits of atoms, [221],
[222]
Electrons: emission of, [233], [236];
number of, in atom, [193]; number
of free positive, in nucleus,
[277], [281]
Elements, with atomic numbers
and weights, and chemical positions,
[286]
: for cathode rays, [42]; value of,
in electrolysis, [27], [30]; value of,
in exhausted tubes, [43]; for
negative and positive ions, [43];
Bucherer’s value of, [214]
Emission energy of electron, [236],
[250] f.; explosive, [253]; from light,
[251]
Epstein theory of orbit, [219], [220]
Ether, [16], [26]; theory, [232], [235]
Ether-stress theory, [17] f.; objections
to, [248]
Ether-string theory, Thomson’s,
[236], [237], [248], [249]
Faraday constant, [120]
Faraday’s laws, [15], [19], [22], [25]
Faraday lines, [237]
Faraday-Maxwell theory, [17]
Franklin theory, [20]
Gamma rays, [232], [232]
Gaseous conduction, nature of, [32]
Gases: electrical properties of, [46];
ionization of, [123]; gases, quantitative
measurements in, [147]
Gram molecule, volume of in
gases, [30], [31]
Grating: molecular, [197]; spacing,
[261]
Greek philosophy, [1], [2], [9] f., [232]
, value of, [117], [212], [213], [242],
[245], [261]
Hipp chronoscope, [74]
“Hot spark,” [143], [220]
Ion, [28], [29]; diffusion coefficient of,
[36], [262]; gaseous and electrolytic,
[34]; isolation of, [67]; mobility
of, [35], [36] f., [39], [262];
positive and negative, [38], [48];
univalent, in electrolysis, [34], [39]
Ionic charge, [29], [39], [45], [47], [176];
elementary, [76]; mobility, [264]
Ionization: by
rays, [139] f., [144];
by
-rays, [138], [144]; by ether
waves, [134], [144]; gaseous and
electrolytic, [39]; mechanism of
gaseous, [125]; oil-drop experiments
in, [127], [141]; by X-rays
and radium rays, [125], [134]
Kinetic energy: of atom, [194], [273];
of light, [239]; of translation of
molecule, [261]
Kinetic theory, [8], [31], [49], [157];
of gases, [145], [268]
Lenard’s trigger theory, [251]
Light-quantas, [244], [256]
Mass, electrical theory of, [185],
[188]; of hydrogen atom, [261];
variation of with speed, [188]
Mass of charge on sphere of
radius
, [272]
Maxwell-Boltzmann law, [81]
Maxwell distribution law, [151],
[275] f.; theory, [24]
Mean free path of a gas molecule,
[8], [183], [275]
Mean free path of a negative electron,
[191]
Measurements, exact, [58], [65]
Molecular cross-section, [275]
Molecule: diameter of, [215]; of
gas, [261]; kinetic energy of
agitation of, [80], [81], [194]
Moseley’s discovery, [196], [203];
atomic numbers, [198], [200], [203];
atomic weights, [202]; X-ray
frequencies equal, [246]
Moseley’s law, [204] f.; inexactness
of, [216]
, value of, in electrolysis, [31];
in gases, [35], [262]
, discrepancies, [168] ff.; in gases,
[34], [125], [166] f.; value of, for
electrolysis, [30], [31]; value of, for
negative and positive ions, [125]
Norman Bridge Laboratory, [4]
Nucleus: of atom, [193]; charge on,
[195]; number of electrons in,
[207], [277], [281]
Peltier effects, [20]
Perrin’s value of
, [170]
Photo-electric effect, [236], [244], [246],
[255]
Planck’s
, [117], [212], [213], [242], [245],
[261]
Positive and negative electrical
charges,
, [12]
Quantitative measurements in
gases, [147]
Quantum theory of radiation,
Einstein’s, [237] f.; Planck’s, [253]
Radiant energy, [242], [245]; nature
of, [232]
Radiation, black-body, [237]; discontinuous,
[244]; quantum theory
of, [237], [253]; theories of, [232];
Thomson’s ether-string theory,
[236], [237]
Radium, conductivity in air due
to, [33]; as ionizing agent, [53], [57],
[79]; mechanism of ionization by,
[125]; structure of atom of, [230]
Resistance to motion independent
of charge, [86]
Rutherford’s method, [277]
Rydberg constant, [210], [282]; value
of, [282]
Ryerson Laboratory, [4], [37], [93], [94],
[95], [150], [178], [209], [239]
Stark effect, [219]
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
, [117],
[261]
Stokes’s law, [48], [49], [52], [55], [63],
[66], [167]; correction of, [98] f.,
[101], [113], [162]; failure of, [90] ff.,
[93], [98], [163]; limits of validity
of [95] ff.
Sub-electron, [161] f., [166], [175],
[181]
Thomson-Einstein hypothesis, [253]
Valency in gaseous ionization,
[127] f.
Velocity of agitation of molecules,
[8]; of emission of electrons under
monochromatic light, [245]
Velocity of drop, [86], [101]
Vienna Academy, [153], [175]
Viscosity of air, [93]
Wave theory, [233], [234]
Wien constant
, [117], [261]
X-rays, [23], [33], [39], [40], [46], [50],
[57], 192, [204], [235], absorption of,
[199]; Duane’s method, [214];
frequencies, [202], [246]; ionizing
agent, [79], [126], [134];
and
series, [204]; and light, [248];
mechanism of ionization by,
[125]; monochromatic [246]; photographs
of spectra, [Fig. 21];
spectra, [196], [200]; spectrometer,
[197]; wave-lengths of metals, [197]

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