An Apology for the True Christian Divinity / Being an explanation and vindication of the principles and doctrines of the people called Quakers

by Robert Barclay

IV. Man cannot call Christ Lord but by the Holy Ghost. Fourthly, The Apostle Paul saith expresly, 1 Cor. xii. 3. That no Man can say that Jesus is the Lord but by the Holy Ghost: If then Jesus cannot be thus rightly named but by the Holy Ghost, far less can he be acceptably called upon. Hence the same Apostle declares, 1 Cor. xiv. 15. that he will pray with the Spirit, &c. A clear Evidence that it was none of his Method to pray without it.

V. God will not hear the Prayers of the Wicked. But Fifthly, All Prayer without the Spirit is Abomination, such as are the Prayers of the Wicked, Prov. xxviii. 9. And the Confidence that the Saints have that God will hear them is, if they ask any Thing according to his Will, 1 John v. 14. So if the Prayer be not according to his Will, there is no Ground of Confidence that he will hear. Now our Adversaries will acknowledge that Prayers without the Spirit are not according to the Will of God, and therefore such as pray without it have no Ground to expect an Answer: For indeed to bid a Man pray without the Spirit is all one as to bid one see without Eyes, work without Hands, or go without Feet. And to desire a Man to fall to Prayer ere the Spirit in some Measure less or more move him thereunto, is to desire a Man to see before he opens his Eyes, or to walk before he rise up, or to work with his Hands before he moves them.

§. XXIII.

§. XXIV.

Obj. 1.But here ariseth a Controversy, Whether it be lawful to join with others by those external Signs of Reverence, albeit not in Heart, who pray formally, not waiting for the Motion of the Spirit, nor judging it necessary.

Answ.We answer, Not at all; and for our Testimony in this Thing we have suffered not a little. The Reason why we cannot join in Prayer.For when it hath fallen out, that either accidentally, or to witness against their Worship, we have been present during the same, and have not found it lawful for us to bow with them thereunto, they have often persecuted us, not only with Reproaches, but also with Strokes and cruel Beatings. For this Cause they used to accuse us of Pride, Profanity, and Madness, as if we had no Respect or Reverence to the Worship of God, and as if we judged none could pray, or were heard of God, but ourselves. Unto all which, and many more Reproaches of this Kind, we answer briefly and modestly, That it sufficeth us that we are found so doing, neither through Pride, nor Madness, nor Profanity, but merely lest we should hurt our Consciences; the Reason of which is plain and evident: For since our Principle and Doctrine oblige us to believe that the Prayers of those who themselves confess they are not actuated by the Spirit are Abominations, how can we with a safe Conscience join with them?

Obj. 2.If they urge, That this is the Height of Uncharitableness and Arrogancy, as if we judged ourselves always to pray by the Spirit’s Motion, but they never; as if we were never deceived by praying without the Motions of the Spirit, and that they were never actuated by it, seeing albeit they judge not the Motion of the Spirit always necessary, they confess nevertheless that it is very profitable and comfortable, and they feel it often influencing them; which that it sometimes falls out we cannot deny.

Answ.To all which I answer distinctly, If it were their known and avowed Doctrine not to pray without the Motion of the Spirit, and that, seriously holding thereunto, they did not bind themselves to pray at certain prescribed Times precisely, at which Times they determine to pray, though without the Spirit, then indeed we might be accused of Uncharitableness and Pride, if we never joined with them; and if they so taught and practised, I doubt not but it would be lawful for us so to do, unless there should appear some manifest and evident Hypocrisy and Delusion. Shall we confirm the Hypocrites when praying?But seeing they confess that they pray without the Spirit, and seeing God hath persuaded us that such Prayers are abominable, how can we with a safe Conscience join with an Abomination? That God sometimes condescends to them, we do not deny; although now, when the spiritual Worship is openly proclaimed, and all are invited unto it, the Case is otherwise than in those old Times of Apostasy and Darkness; and therefore, albeit any should begin to pray in our Presence, not expecting the Motion of the Spirit; yet if it manifestly appear that God in Condescension did concur with such a one, then according to God’s Will we should not refuse to join also; but this is rare, lest thence they should be confirmed in their false Principle. And although this seems hard in our Profession, nevertheless it is so confirmed by the Authority both of Scripture and right Reason, that many convinced thereof have embraced this Part before other Truths, which were easier, and, as they seemed to some, clearer. Among whom is memorable of late Years Alexander Skein, a Magistrate of the City of Aberdeen, a Man very modest, and very averse from giving Offence to others, who nevertheless being overcome by the Power of Truth in this Matter, behoved for this Cause to separate himself from the publick Assemblies and Prayers, and join himself unto us; who also gave the Reason of his Change, and likewise succinctly, but yet substantially, comprehended this Controversy concerning Worship in some short Questions, which he offered to the publick Preachers of the City, and which I think meet to insert in this Place.

Some Questions of A. Skein proposed to the Preachers in Aberdeen.1. Whether or not should an Act of God’s Worship be gone about without the Motions, Leadings, and Actings of the Holy Spirit?