The North Pole: Its Discovery in 1909 under the auspices of the Peary Arctic Club

by Robert E. Peary

THE SPECIAL GREAT GOLD MEDAL OF
THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. (ACTUAL SIZE)

(Designed by the wife of Captain Robert F. Scott, R. N., Leader of the British South Polar Expeditions of 1901-1904 and 1910-1912)

---

INDEX

• Advance, s.s., [xxii].
• Africa, [75].
• Aground, [113].
• Ahteah, [131].
• Ahtetah, [178].
• Ahwatingwah, [141], [235].
• Akatingwah, [60].
• Alarm of fire, [35].
• Alaska, [344], [345].
• Aldrich, [xxiii].
• Alert, s.s., [91], [129], [184].
• Aletah, [117], [141].
• Alps, [166].
• American,
  • flag, [30], [294], [296], [335];
  • route, [5].
• Amundsen, Roald, [xxi].
• Amusements, [109], [181].
• Andree, [xxvi].
• Angakok, [65].
• Anniversary Lodge, [130].
• Anoratok, [55], [76], [333].
• Antarctic, [xx].
• "Antarctica," [180].
• "Antarctic Regions, The," [180].
• Arco, [141], [213], [235].
• Arctic,
  • Archipelago, [341], [344];
  • Circle, [xvi];
    • (crossing the, [36]), [53], [79], [186];
  • fisheries, [xv];
  • hares, [54], [110], [127], [138], [182], [189], [315];
  • moon, [163];
  • night, [37];
  • Ocean, [4], [49], [193], [216], [337]-[344].
• Asia, [xvi], [75].
• Associated Press, [334].
• Astronomical observations, [211].
• Astrup, [xxix].
• Atlantic Ocean, [xx], [xxi], [343].
• Aurora, [186].
• Austrian-Hungarian expedition, [xxvii].
  
• Back River, [xx].
• Baffin Bay, [xxi], [xxvii], [3], [88], [90], [341]-[343].
• Baffin, William, [xxvii].
• Balch, [180].
• Bald Head, [33].
• Balfour, Lord, [365].
• Banks Land, [346].
• Barents, William, [xv], [xxvii].
• Barnes, John, [23], [167], [326].
• Barometer reading, [348].
• Bartlett, Robert, [76].
• Bartlett, Capt. Robert A.,
  • appreciation of, [269];
  • career, [19], [20];
  • decorating the ship, [130];
  • delayed by leads, [308], [312];
  • departure from Roosevelt, [213];
  • despatch to his mother, [334];
  • dynamiting the ice, [115];
  • facsimile of certificate, [360], [361];
  • facsimile of observations, [359];
  • farthest north, [267];
  • hunting, [141], [179], [182], [191];
  • in crow's nest, [105];
  • master of the Roosevelt, [23], [111], [326];
  • pioneer division, [203], [205], [214], [237], [241];
  • returning to Roosevelt, [325];
  • sounding, [262];
  • taking observations, [266], [268];
  • trail, [310], [314].
• Bartlett, Capt. Sam, [76].
• Bathurst, Cape, [345].
• Battle Harbor, [332], [334].
• Bay,
  • Baffin, [xxi], [xxvii], [3], [88], [90], [341]-[343];
  • Black Cliffs, [130], [179];
  • Cape York, [55];
  • Casco, [27];
  • Dobbin, [99];
  • Independence, [xxix], [151], [276];
  • James Ross, [143], [144], [155], [179];
  • Lady Franklin, [78], [329];
  • Lincoln, [98], [106], [110], [112], [117], [118];
  • McCormick, [xxix];
  • Melville, [36], [37], [39], [40], [53];
  • Newman, [188];
  • North Star, [38], [73];
  • of Fundy, [168];
  • of Naples, [74];
  • Oyster, [26];
  • Porter, [118], [120], [134], [140], [142], [143], [276];
  • Princess Marie, [100];
  • Robertson, [74];
  • Teplitz, [345].
• Beaufort Sea, [345].
• Beaumont Island, [337].
• Beechey, Cape, [90].
• Belknap, Cape, [134], [138], [188].
• Benedict, H. H., [31].
• Bennett Island, [344]-[346]
• Bently, James, [23], [326]
• Bering,
  • Sea, [xvii], [xx], [xxi];
  • Strait, [xxi], [290].
• "Big Lead,"
  • crossed, [232], [314];
  • described, [197], [237];
  • Eskimos' fear of, [191].
• Black Cape, [118], [119];
  • River, [120].
• Black Cliffs Bay, [130], [179].
• Blackwell's Island, [25], [26].
• Booth, Felix, [xviii], [xix].
• Boothia Felix, [xix].
• Borchgrevink, [180].
• Borup, Col., [29].
• Borup, George,
  • account of walrus hunting, [80]-[87];
  • added to expedition, [21];
  • built monument at Cape Columbia, [325];
  • captured musk-ox calf, [330];
  • career, [22];
  • celebrating, [184];
  • delayed by leads, [312];
  • deposited cache at Cape Fanshawe Martin, [325];
  • division, [203], [214], [237], [241];
  • farthest north, [243];
  • hunting, [141], [156], [179], [188], [330];
  • return to Roosevelt, [325];
  • taking observations, [168];
  • turned back, [243].
• Bowdoin College, [xxviii], [296];
  • degree of ll.d., [365].
• Box houses, [123], [177], [178], [188].
• Brainard, [xxiii], [337].
• Breton, Cape, [28].
• Brevoort,
  • Cape, [188];
  • Island, [90].
• Bridgman, Herbert L., [16], [25], [27], [334].
• British Arctic expedition, [38], [129].
• Bryant, Cape, [168], [188], [190], [191], [330]-[348].
• By-pass, [101], [104].
  
• Cabot Strait, [35].
• Cache of supplies, [110], [119], [191].
• Cagni, [xxvi].
• Cairn, Alert, [129];
• Roosevelt, [129].
• Camp, Abruzzi, [308];
  • Morris K. Jesup, [290];
  • No. 4, [237];
  • No. 5, [237];
  • No. 8, [327];
  • No. 11, [310];
  • No. 19, [249].
• Canada, [xx], [334], [335].
• Cantilever, [55].
• Cape,
  • Bathurst, [345];
  • Beechey, [90];
  • Belknap, [134], [138], [188];
  • Breton, [28];
  • Brevoort, [188];
  • Bryant, [168], [188], [190], [191], [339]-[348];
  • Colan, [134], [179], [190], [191];
  • Columbia, [4], [6], [7], [130]-[237], [280], [295], [310]-[329], [338]-[341], [347];
  • Fanshawe Martin, [325];
  • Farewell, [xv];
  • Frazer, [91];
  • Hecla, [141], [159], [190], [217], [226], [280], [317];
  • Joseph Henry, [92], [222], [337];
  • Lieber, [102];
  • May, [337];
  • Morris K. Jesup, [13], [21], [253], [254], [295], [326], [328], [338], [348];
  • Rawson, [120], [317];
  • Richardson, [134], [138], [140], [168];
  • Sabine, [39], [89], [94], [95], [124], [332];
  • Saumarez, [74], [332];
  • Sheridan, [5], [6], [38], [77], [88]-[129], [157], [168], [178], [193], [213], [325], [330], [332], [339]-[349];
  • St. Charles, [34];
  • St. George, [35];
  • Thomas Hubbard, [21], [110], [295], [325];
  • Union, [110], [118], [188], [332];
  • York, [32], [35], [39]-[46], [70]-[73], [271], [334].
• Cape Sheridan River, [184].
• Cape York Bay, [55]
• Carnegie Institution, [76].
• Cary Islands, [38].
• Casco Bay, [27].
• Central Polar Sea, [38].
• Char, [128].
• Chester, C. M., [363].
• Chicago Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
• China, [xv], [169].
• Christmas, [185].
• Clark, [271].
• Clements Markham Inlet, [141], [145], [156], [157], [179], [188], [190], [330].
• Coady, John, [23], [326].
• Coast and Geodetic Survey, [337], [339], [340].
• Colan, Cape, [134], [179], [190], [191].
• Collinson, Richard, [xxi].
• Columbia, Cape, [4], [6], [7], [130]-[237], [280], [295], [310]-[329], [338]-[341], [347].
• Columbus, [xxxii].
• Connors, John, [23], [326].
• Cook, Dr. Frederick A., [75], [76], [333].
• Coppermine River, [xix].
• Cornell University, [252], [254], [322].
• Crafts, C. C., [76].
• "Crane City," [223], [316].
• Crane, Zenas, [16], [25].
• "Crimson Cliffs," [72].
• Crocker Land, [5], [341], [345], [346].
• Crow's nest, [105], [112].
• Crozier, [xix], [xx].
  
• Daily ration, [209].
• Dante, [255].
• Daughters of the American Revolution, [30].
• Davis, John, [xv].
• Davis Strait, [xxi], [3], [73].
• Dawn, [160].
• Deep-sea soundings, [210].
• Deer, [65], [87], [138], [140], [144], [145], [182].
• De Long, Com., [xxiv], [344].
• Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, [30], [296].
• Departure from Roosevelt, [213].
• Diagram of soundings, [338].
• Dickson, Capt., [331].
• Discovery, s.s., [91].
• Dividing line, [40].
• Dobbin Bay, [99].
• Dogs, Eskimo,
  • condition of, [169];
  • feeding on return march, [305];
  • harnesses, [136].
• Douglas H. Thomas, s.s., [334].
• Duck Islands, [37], [38], [39].
• Duke of the Abruzzi, [12], [180], [236], [252], [254], [298], [308].
  
• Eagle, s.s., [28].
• Eagle Island, [27], [28], [31].
• East Greenland, [xxvii].
• Edinburgh University, Degree of ll.d., [365].
• Egingwah, [69], [76], [142], [143], [146], [147], [148], [167], [251], [267], [269], [271], [299], [312].
• Eider-ducks, [138].
• Ellesmere Land, [76], [89], [90], [93].
• Emergency outfit, [96].
• Erebus, s.s., [xx].
• Erik, s.s., [73], [74], [75], [76], [77].
• Eskimos,
  • astronomers, [67];
  • burial customs, [65];
  • characteristics of, [46];
  • clothing, [131];
  • dogs, [70], [135], [169];
  • fear of "Big Lead," [191];
  • fish spear, [127];
  • home of a little tribe of, [36], [39];
  • housecleaning on Roosevelt, [330];
  • human qualities, [44];
  • language, [50];
  • marriage, [59];
  • method of fishing, [127];
  • money, [72];
  • music, [65];
  • of Danish Greenland, [46];
  • on shipboard, [98];
  • religion, [63];
  • rewarded, [323];
  • sledge, [135], [217], [219], [237];
  • theory as to origin, [49];
  • villages, [42];
  • whip, [136].
• Etah, [6], [38], [39], [43], [46], [73], [79], [88], [89], [90], [91], [95], [96], [103], [106], [124], [170], [213], [333].
• Expedition,
  • Austrian-Hungarian, [xxvii];
  • British Arctic, [38], [129];
  • first of Peary Arctic Club, [11], [12];
  • German North Polar, [xxvii];
  • Greely's, [329];
  • Hayes', [38];
  • Kallistenius, [38];
  • Koldewey's, [180];
  • Lady Franklin Bay, [168];
  • of 1905-6, [2], [91], [184], [302];
  • Polaris, [38].
• 
  
• Fanshawe Martin, Cape, [325].
• "Farthest North" of 1906, [188].
• Farewell, Cape, [xv].
• Field work, [188].
• First Despatch from Peary, [334].
  • American, [30], [294], [296], [335];
  • North Pole, [335].
• Flag,
• Flaxman Island, [344], [345].
• Fort Conger, [93], [148], [168], [329], [339]-[348].
• Fort Totten, [26].
• Fourth of July, [331].
• Fox, [54], [127], [257], [307], [315], [328].
• Fram, s.s., [xxv], [121], [338], [345].
• Franke, Rudolph, [75].
• Franklin, Lady, [xx].
  • record of death, [xxi].
• Franklin, Sir John, [xix], [9], [298], [321];
• Franz Josef Land, [xxvi].
• Frazer, Cape, [91].
• Frederiksthaal, [xxvii].
• Fricker, Carl, [180].
  
• Gannett, Henry, [363].
• Generosity of the public, [18].
• German North Polar expedition, [xxvii].
• Gjoa, sloop, [xxi].
• Glacial fringe, [194], [216], [314], [315].
  • career, [21];
  • extract from his journal, [157];
  • exploring, [106], [128];
  • hunting, [141], [179], [188];
  • moving supplies, [138], [191];
  • reached ship, [325];
  • recording temperature, [190];
  • slips from floe, [108];
  • turns back, [235].
• Goodsell, Dr. J. W.,
• Grant Land, [4], [6], [7], [38], [40], [90], [93], [134], [142], [168], [179], [193], [195], [300]-[315].
• Great Britain, [xv], [xxiii], [269].
• Great Fish River, [xix].
• Great Greenland ice-cap, [xxix], [53], [275], [276], [284].
• "Great Night," [161], [183].
• Greely, Lieut. A. W., [xxx], [xxxi], [39], [94], [180], [329], [340], [346], [348].
  • storms, [166];
  • Sea, [345].
• Greenland, [xxiii], [xxix], [xxx], [4], [11], [28], [32], [38], [45], [50], [89], [90], [102], [130], [187], [188], [195], [211]-[219], [303], [304], [325], [337];
• Grinnell, Henry, [xxii].
• Grinnell Land, [49].
• Grosvenor, Gilbert H., [xxxii].
• Gulf of St. Lawrence, [101].
• Gushue, Thomas, [23], [112], [326].
  
• Hakluyt Island, [73].
• Hall Basin, [xxii].
• Hall, Chas. Francis, [xxii], [3], [180], [328].
• Hares, arctic, [54], [110], [127], [138], [182], [189], [315].
• Hareskin stockings, [257].
• Harkness, [34], [35].
• "Harrigan," [132], [203], [253], [319].
• Harris, R. A., [337].
• Harrison, [345].
• Hawks Harbor, [34].
• Hayes, [38], [180].
• Hecla, Cape, [141], [159], [190], [217], [226], [280].
• Henry VIII of England, [xv].
  • at the Pole, [296];
  • career, [20];
  • celebrating, [184];
  • chosen for final dash, [272];
  • hunting trips, [141], [179];
  • hunting walrus, [81];
  • interpreter, [109];
  • moving supplies, [191];
  • pioneer division, [241];
  • repairing sledge, [246];
  • teaches igloo building, [172];
  • visits Eskimos, [73].
• Henson, Matthew,
• House where Peary wintered in 1901-2, [93].
• Hubbard, General Thomas H., [16], [25], [124].
• Hubbard Memorial Hall, [363].
• Hubbardville, [124], [128].
• "Hudson, the," [226].
  • Henry, [xv], [298];
  • Strait, [169].
• Hudson,
• Hungarian Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
  
• Ice cake ferry, [250], [308].
• Ice, dynamiting the, [115].
• Iceland, [345].
  • construction of snow, [172], [173];
  • construction of stone, [54], [57].
• Igloo,
• Imperial Austrian Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
• Imperial German Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
  • Bay, [xxix], [18], [99], [151], [276];
  • Bluff, [215].
• Independence,
  • Gulf, [73].
• Inglefield, [180];
• Indian Harbor, [334].
• Indies, [xv], [xvi].
• Inighito, [141], [160], [167].
• Instrument used for observation at the Pole, [288].
• Ikwah, [52], [271].
• Italian record, [252], [269].
  • Beaumont, [337];
  • Bennett, [344], [346];
  • Blackwell, [25], [26];
  • Brevoort, [90];
  • Cary, [38];
  • Duck, [37]-[39];
  • Eagle, [27], [28], [31];
  • Flaxman, [344], [345];
  • Hakluyt, [73];
  • New Siberian, [49], [344];
  • Northumberland, [73];
  • Prince Patrick, [346];
  • Salvo, [72];
  • Spitzbergen, [341], [342];
  • Turnavik, [35].
• Island,
• Itiblu Glacier, [74].
  
• Jackman, Captain, [28].
• Jackson, [xxvi].
• James Ross Bay, [143], [144], [155], [179].
• Jamestown, [xv].
• Jeannette, s.s., [xxiv], [xxv], [101], [345].
• Jefferds, [334].
• Jesup Land, [295].
• Johansen, [xxv].
• Johnson, [76].
• Joseph Henry, Cape, [92], [222], [337].
• Joyce, Patrick, [23], [326].
  
• Kallistenius, [38].
• Kamiks, [132], [209], [257].
• Kane Basin, [36], [53], [73], [94], [342], [343].
• Kane, Elisha Kent, [xxii], [38], [180], [298].
• Kangerdlooksoah, [74].
• Karko, [141], [203], [253], [266].
• Karnah, [74].
• Kayaks, [42], [68].
• Kennedy Channel, [102], [331], [342], [343].
• Keshungwah, [141], [168], [203], [253], [266].
• King William Land, [xx], [xxi].
• Kislingbury, Lieut., [329].
• "Kitchen boxes," [131], [139].
• Kite, s.s., [xxviii].
• Knitting breaks in trail, [207].
• Koldewey, [180].
• Kookan, [74].
• Koolatoonah, [142], [146], [148], [153], [155].
• Kooletah, [131].
• Koolootingwah, [235].
• Kudlooktoo, [213], [218], [220], [231], [253], [319].
• Kyoahpahdo, [65].
• Kyutah, [141], [218], [220], [223], [227].
  
• Labrador, [32], [34], [35], [77].
• Lady Franklin Bay, [78], [168], [329].
• Lake Hazen, [118], [127], [141], [179], [182], [188].
• Land in unknown Arctic, [339].
• Larned, Walter A., [76].
• Leads, [196], [207], [221], [222], [236]-[285], [305].
• Leffingwell, [345].
• Lena, [xxv].
• Lieber, Cape, [102].
  • Bay, [93], [106], [110], [112], [117], [118];
  • Sea, [91], [342].
• Lincoln,
• Lions of the North, [79].
• Lockwood, [xxiii], [321], [337].
• Long night, [162].
• Long, Thomas, [xxiv].
• Low Point Light, [29].
• Lunar hours, [341].
• Lunitidal interval, [340].
  
• McClintock, Leopold, [xxi].
• McClure, Robert, [xxi].
• McCormick Bay, [xxix].
  • career, [21];
  • entertains Eskimos, [231];
  • expedition to Clements Markham Inlet, [157];
  • finds Greely relics, [329];
  • his Eskimos overcome, [158];
  • hunting walrus, [81], [82], [83];
  • ill with grip, [128], [140];
  • moving supplies, [191];
  • reached ship, [325];
  • reconnoitering, [117];
  • sent back for supplies, [227];
  • sounding, [222];
  • takes charge of sports, [185];
  • tidal observations, [167];
  • turns back, [236].
• MacMillan, Prof. Donald B.,
• Magellan, [xxxii].
• Manchester Geographical Society, honorary membership, [365].
• Markham, Sir Clements, [xxiii], [xxx], [49], [180], [222], [337].
  • appreciation of his work, [319];
  • celebrating, [184];
  • comes back with supplies, [235];
  • delayed by leads, [308];
  • facsimile of certificate, [356]-[358];
  • facsimile of observations, [351]-[355];
  • last message, [321];
  • news of his death, [318];
  • pioneer division, [237], [241], [243];
  • replaces Alert's record, [129];
  • returns to "Crane City," [223];
  • return from Cape Bryant, [191];
  • soundings, [222];
  • starts for Greenland coast, [187];
  • starts south, [253];
  • takes supplies to Cape Belknap, [138];
  • taking observations, [168], [249], [252];
  • teaching igloo building, [172];
  • tidal igloo split by pressure, [177].
• Marvin, Prof. Ross G.,
• May, Cape, [337].
• Mayen, Jan, [xv].
• Mayflower, s.s., [26].
• Medals, [364], [365].
• Melville Bay, [36], [37], [39], [40], [53].
• Melville, G. W., [xxv]., [298].
• Meridian observations, method of taking, [288].
• Meteorological observations, [339].
• Meteorology, [346].
• Method for loading sledge, [209].
• Mikkelsen, [345].
• Mills, Hugh Robert, [180].
• Mongolian types among Eskimos, [49].
• Monument to Marvin, [321].
  • Camp, [290];
  • Cape, [13], [21], [253], [254], [295], [326], [328], [338], [348].
• Morris K. Jesup,
• Murphy, Denis, [23], [82], [326].
• Murphy, John, [20], [23], [75], [76].
• Musk-oxen, [110], [151]-[157], [183], [189]-[191].
  
• Nansen, Dr., [v], [xxv], [xxix], [xxx], [12], [121], [180], [244], [251]-[254], [308].
• Nares, George, [xxiii], [xxx], [180].
• Narkeeta, s.s., [26].
• Narwhal, [87], [132].
  • medal of, [365];
  • report on Peary's record, [363];
  • resolutions, [364].
• National Geographic Society,
• "Nautical Almanac and Navigator," [289].
• Navy League, [80].
• Nelson, [xvi].
• Nerke, [74], [332].
• New Bedford, [27].
• Newfoundland, [76].
• New Land, [xxiv].
• Newman Bay, [188].
• New Siberian Islands, [49], [344].
• New York, [2], [3], [6], [12], [25], [26], [34], [37], [42], [53], [76], [92], [111], [121].
• Nordenskjöld, [11], [180].
• North America, [xvi], [xix].
• Northeast Passage, [xvi].
• Northern Greenland, [53].
• North Grant Land, [90], [128], [194].
  • defined, [291];
  • flag, [335];
  • hill, [309];
  • magnetic xvii, [xix].
• North Pole,
• North River, [92].
• North Star, s.s., [27], [38].
• North Star Bay, [38], [73].
• North Sydney, [29].
• Northumberland Island, [73].
• Northwest Passage, [xvi], [xviii], [xx], [xxi].
• Norton, George S., [76].
• Norway, [345].
• Norwegian record, [250], [251].
• Note to Marvin, [232].
• Nova Zembla, [xxvii].
• Nunatoksoah, [74].
  
• Observations, tidal and meteorological, [168], [188], [211], [243], [248], [266], [268], [284], [287], [289], [290], [318], [329], [337], [339], [342], [348], [350]-[355], [359], [362].
• Ocean, Arctic, [4], [49], [193], [216], [337], [344];
  • Pacific, [xxi].
• Atlantic, [xx], [xxi], [343];
• Odometer, [211].
• Ohlsen, [38].
• Onkilon, [49].
• "On the Polar Star in the Arctic Sea," [180].
• Onwagipsoo, [142].
• Ooblooyah, [117], [142], [143], [146], [147], [149], [153], [155], [167].
• Oomunnui, [78].
• Ooqueah, [52], [69], [73], [117], [141], [203], [247], [253], [269], [271], [304].
• Ootah, [7], [69], [76], [117], [141], [235], [253], [267], [269], [271], [316].
• Oyster Bay, [26].
  
• Pacific Ocean, [xxi].
• Panikpah, [141], [191], [230].
• Paraselene, [175].
• Parhelion, [176].
• Parish, Henry, [16].
• Parr, [337].
  • Peninsula, [145], [159].
• Parry, [xvii], [xviii], [xix], [xxiii], [xxx];
  • Harbor, [92], [93], [94].
• Payer, [xxvi], [180];
• Peabody, Geo., [xxii].
• "Pearyaksoah," [52].
• Peary Arctic Club, [13], [15], [25], [26], [27], [95], [103], [124], [204], [253], [326], [334], [335].
• Peary Land, [342].
• Peary, Marie Ahnighito, [31], [130].
• Peary, Mrs. Robert E., [xxix], [19], [26], [27], [29], [30], [45], [49], [93], [186], [294], [299], [334].
• Peary, Robert E., Jr., [29], [113].
• "Peary," sledge, [122], [135], [174], [217], [219], [237], [277].
• Peary's observation, April 6, facsimile, [362].
• "Peary system," [201].
• Percy, Charles, [20], [23], [32], [99], [113], [130], [164], [181], [184], [186], [326], [327].
• Percy, George, [23], [326].
• Permanent monument, [325].
• Petersen, [38], [128].
• Philadelphia Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
• Phipps, J. C., [xvi].
• Piblokto, [166], [167], [178].
• Pilgrim Fathers, [xv].
• Pingahshoo, [184].
• Pioneer party, [203]-[205], [214], [237], [241].
• Pitlekaj, [344], [345].
• Plan, [3].
• Plymouth Rock, [xv].
  • Aldrich, [339], [340], [343], [345], [347], [348];
  • Amour Light, [33], [34];
  • Barrow, [344]-[346];
  • Good, [159];
  • Moss, [4].
• Point,
  • Basin, [345];
  • bear, [54], [75], [79], [130], [132], [146], [156], [169], [252], [309], [315];
  • Sea, [5], [88], [90], [134], [193], [195], [206], [207], [237], [255], [262], [315], [320].
• Polar,
• Polaris, s.s., [xxiii], [38], [91], [102].
• Polaris Promontory, [188], [190].
• Polar pack, [337].
• Poodloonah, [141], [167], [230], [253].
• Porter Bay, [118], [120], [134], [140], [142], [143], [276].
• Pressure ridges, [194], [196], [205], [207], [217], [250], [260], [261].
• Prince Patrick Island, [346].
• Princess Marie Bay, [100].
• Pritchard, William, [23], [75].
• Proteus, s.s., [91].
• Protococcus nivalis, [72].
  
• Rae, [xx].
• Raven, Anton A., [16].
• Rawson, Cape, [120], [317].
• Record of 1906, [262].
• Recrossing the "big lead" in [1906], [41].
• Redcliffe Peninsula, [74].
• "Red snow," [72].
• Regan, [331].
• Reindeer, [54], [110], [118], [143], [183].
• Relay parties, [187].
• Return in November, [1906], [32].
• Return of the sun, [227].
• Richardson, Cape, [134], [138], [140], [168].
• Robertson Bay, [74].
• Robeson Channel, [77], [102], [122], [134], [168], [188], [190], [328], [329], [342].
• Roosevelt, Mrs. Theodore, [26], [27].
  • the, after deckhouse, [31];
  • aground, [115];
  • American built, [19];
  • at Lincoln Bay, [112];
  • bucking ice, [100], [110];
  • cairn, [129];
  • caught off Victoria Head, [95];
  • collision with berg, [89];
  • damaged by ice, [114], [119];
  • departure from, [213];
  • Eskimo quarters on, [98], [124];
  • goes on to Etah, [73];
  • gripped in the ice, [177];
  • igloos on deck, [175];
  • in storm, 1906, [32];
  • in winter quarters, [126];
  • leaves Etah, [89];
  • leaves Lincoln Bay, [118];
  • leaves New York, [25];
  • leaves Sydney, [29];
  • leaving Cape York, [72];
  • leaving winter quarters, [331];
  • loaded deep, [77];
  • loading walrus, [87];
  • method of procedure, [91], [92];
  • passing Cape Sabine, [94];
  • passing Payer Harbor, [93];
  • Peary's cabin on, [30];
  • put in fighting trim, [75];
  • reaches Cape Breton, [334];
  • reaches Cape Sheridan, [120];
  • reaches Cape York, [42];
  • repairs and changes, [13];
  • return to, [317], [325];
  • return to Battle Harbor, [334];
  • standing by hunters, [80];
  • steaming northward, [36];
  • unloading, [122];
  • visits Eagle Island, [27];
  • winter home on the, [162], [166].
• Roosevelt,
  • his good-by to Peary, [vii].
• Roosevelt, Theodore, [viii], [26], [27], [30], [339];
• Ross, James Clark, [xix], [334].
• Ross, Capt. John, [72], [xviii].
• Route of return in 1906, [304].
• Royal Belgian Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
• Royal Geographical Society of Antwerp, medal of, [365].
  • medal of, [365].
• Royal Geographical Society of London, [49];
• Royal Italian Geographical Society, medal of, [365].
• Royal Netherlands Geographical Society of Amsterdam, honorary membership, [365].
• Royal Scottish Geographical Society, special trophy, [365].
  
• Sabine, Cape, [39], [89], [94], [95], [124], [332].
• Sagamore Hill, [27].
• Sail Harbor, [134], [142], [145], [155].
• Salvo Island, [72].
• Sanderson Hope, [xv].
• Sandy Hook, [168].
• Saumarez, Cape, [74], [332].
• Scoresby, William, [xxvii].
• Scotch whalers, [37].
• Scott, Banks, [23], [326].
• Scott, Capt., [180].
• Seal, [65], [250].
• Secretary of Commerce and Labor, [339].
• Seegloo, [69], [73], [141], [167], [203], [234], [269], [271], [299].
• Sheelah, s.s., [334].
• Sheridan, Cape, [5], [6], [38], [77], [88]-[129], [157], [168], [178], [193], [213], [325], [330], [332], [339], [349].
• Siberia, [xxiv], [49], [344], [345].
• "Siege of the South Pole," [180].
• Skeans, Patrick, [23], [326].
  • "Peary," [122], [135], [174], [217], [219], [237], [277].
• Sledge, Eskimo, [122], [135], [217], [219], [237], [277];
• Smith Sound, [xxvii], [3], [5], [76], [77], [124], [180], [342], [343].
• Sontag, [38], [321].
• Sounding apparatus, [210].
• Soundings, [210], [222], [227], [236], [246], [262], [304], [309], [329], [337], [338].
• "Southern Cross Expedition to the Antarctic," [180].
• Spitzbergen Islands, [xv], [xvii], [341], [342].
• St. Charles, Cape, [34].
• St. George, Cape, [35].
• Stepping Stone Light, [26].
• "Storm camp," [243], [306].
• Straits of Belle Isle, [3], [32].
• Styx, [225], [226].
• Summer solstice, [330].
• Supplies, [23].
• Supporting party, [204], [206].
• Sydney, C. B., [3], [6], [23], [28], [29], [32], [42], [77], [299], [334].
  
• Tampa, Florida, [42].
• Tasmania, [xix].
• Tawchingwah, [141].
• Temperature tables, [346], [347].
• Tents, [139].
• Teplitz Bay, [345].
• Terror, s.s., [xix].
• Thank God Harbor, [102].
• Thanksgiving Day, [179].
• Thomas Hubbard, Cape, [21], [110], [295], [325].
  • staves, [339];
  • table, [340].
• Tide,
• Tiger of the North, [79].
• Tigress, ship, [xxiii].
• Tittmann, Supt. O. H., [337], [364].
• Tookoomah, [187].
• Tornarsuk, [64], [147], [148], [150], [215], [219].
• Toxingwa, [158].
• Transportation of supplies, [130], [134], [191], [327].
• Tupiks, [44], [54], [58], [59].
• Turnavik Island, [35].
• Tyrian, s.s., [334].
  
• Unexplored inlet, [154].
• Union, Cape, [110], [118], [188], [332].
• United States, [170], [316].
  
• Victoria Head, [95].
• Victory, s.s., [xviii].
• "Voyage of the Discovery," [180].
• "Voyage to the Polar Sea," [180].
  
• Wakiva, s.s., [34].
• Walrus, [xvi], [65], [77], [79], [80]-[87], [169], [333].
• Walrus-hunting, [80]-[87].
• Wardwell, George A., [20], [23], [101], [326].
• Weekly bill of fare, [164].
• Weesockasee, [158].
• Wesharkoopsi, [84], [85], [142], [145], [168], [235].
• Weyprecht, [xxvi], [180].
• Whale-boat, [29], [31], [79], [80], [84], [95], [123].
• Whale factories, [34].
• Whale Sound, [3], [54], [74], [79], [87], [328].
• Whales, [xvi].
• White Nile, [viii].
• Whitney, Harry, [75], [333].
• Willoughby, [321].
• Windward, s.s., [93], [130].
• Winter solstice, [184].
• Wiseman, John, [23], [326].
• Wolf, [54].
• Wolf, Dr., [20].
• Wolstenholm Sound, [73], [79].
• "World's Ensign of Liberty and Peace," [296].
• Wrangell Land, [xxiv].
  
• York, Cape, [32], [35], [39]-[46], [70]-[73], [271], [334].

---

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The instruments used in taking observations for latitude may be either a sextant and an artificial horizon, or a small theodolite. Both these instruments were taken on the sledge journey; but the theodolite was not used, owing to the low altitude of the sun. Had the expedition been delayed on the return until May or June, the theodolite would then have been of value in determining position and variation of the compass.

The method of taking meridian observations with a sextant and an artificial horizon on a polar sledge journey is as follows: if there is any wind, a semi-circular wind-guard of snow blocks, two tiers high, is put up, opening to the south. If there is no wind, this is not necessary.