Mensch, Ella (pseudonym). Bilderstürmer in der Berliner Frauenbewegung.
Types found in the feminist movement of Berlin. (IX, 2, 3.)
X. THE CITY AND THE COUNTRY
The city and the country represent two opposite poles in modern civilization. The difference between the two is not merely one of degree, but of kind. Each has its own peculiar type of interests, of social organization, and of humanity. These two worlds are in part antagonistic and in part complementary to each other. The one influences the life of the other, but they are by no means equally matched. The analysis of these differences, antagonisms, and interacting forces has not passed even the descriptive stage.
1. The ancient city was regarded as a parasitic growth. It dominated the country by skill and by force, but contributed little to its welfare. The modern city, too, is often regarded as a superfluous burden which the rural sections are carrying. This view of the matter is fast passing away, however, as the city extends its influence, not by force, but by fulfilling a set of functions upon which the rural population has become dependent. The economists have been especially concerned with the antagonistic interests which the city and the country have presented. These antagonisms have come to play a political rôle which influences local, national, and international affairs.
Bookwalter, J. W. Rural Versus Urban; Their Conflict and Its Causes: A Study of the Conditions Affecting Their Natural and Artificial Relation (New York, 1911). (X, 2.)
Damaschke, Adolf. Die Bodenreform: Grundsätzliches und Geschichtliches zur Erkenntnis der sozialen Not (19th ed.; Jena, 1922). (VI, 10.)
Reibmayr, A. “Die wichtigsten biologischen Ursachen der heutigen Landflucht,” Arch. für Rass. und Gesellsch. Biol., VII (1911), 349–76.
Decrease in rural population of Germany. Shows also unfavorable effects of alcohol, venereal disease, and other factors on population of city, and the effects of the city on the country. (VII, 2, 5; VIII, 1.)
Ross, E. A. “Folk Depletion as a Cause of Rural Decline,” Publ. Amer. Sociol. Soc., XI (1917), 21–30. (VII, 3; VIII, 1, 3; X, 2.)