Surnames as a Science

by Robert Ferguson

The corresponding forms in Germany have since been collected by Professor Foerstemann from ancient charters up to the eleventh century, and must all be considered therefore as trustworthy. His list contains upwards of a thousand different names, but inasmuch as many of these names are found in different parts of Germany, the total number of such names must amount to many thousands. These consist sometimes of a form in ingas, same as in England, and this obtains more particularly in Bavaria, sometimes of a form in inga, which he takes to be also a nominative plural, but most commonly of a dative plural, in ingen, as in Herlingen, "to the Harlings." This dative plural explains the origin of many existing names of places in Germany, as Göttingen, Dettingen, Tübingen, &c. A dative plural also occurs occasionally in England in the corresponding Anglo-Saxon form ingum, as in Godelmingum, now Godalming, Angemeringum, now Angmering, &c.

Meanwhile Mr. Taylor has instituted a detailed and very important comparison between the names contained in Mr. Kemble's two lists, and those of a corresponding kind in Germany, not indeed from ancient records, but from existing place-names. And he has further supplemented this by a list of similar forms disclosed by his own very interesting discovery of a Saxon area in France opposite to the shore of England, and which we can hardly doubt to be, as he considers it to be, the result of a Saxon emigration from England. He has, moreover, given some similar instances of German occupation in the north of Italy, and it can hardly be doubted that a more detailed examination would add to their number.

The question now to be considered is—what is the value of these various forms in ingas, inga, and ingen, in England and in Germany? In Anglo-Saxon and other Teutonic dialects ing is a patronymic, as in Bruning, son of Brûn. But it has also a wider sense implying any connection with a person or thing, and in certain of the names under consideration both in England and in Germany, it seems very clear that it is used simply in a geographical sense. Thus we cannot doubt that Madelungen and Lauringen, in Germany, signify, as Foerstemann suggests, the people of the Madel and of the Lauer, on which two rivers the places in question are respectively situated. Also that Salzungen signifies the people of the salt springs, in the neighbourhood of which the name is found.[28] So in England it seems clear that the Leamingas found in Leamington signifies the people of the Leam, on which river the place is situated. So also the Heretuningas, the Hohtuningas, and the Suthtuningas, must mean simply the people respectively of Heretun, of Hohtun, and of Suthtun, the Beorganstedingas the people of Beorgansted, the Eoforduningas the people of Eofordun, and the Teofuntingas, the people dwelling by the two fountains. But with these and perhaps one or two other exceptions, the word contained is simply a personal name, and the question is—in what connection is it used? Does Billingas mean the descendants of the man Bill or Billa, under whose leadership the settlement was made, or does it, as Mr. Kemble seems to think, refer to some older, perhaps mythical ancestor from whom the Billings claimed a traditional descent? Now, considering the great number of these names, amounting to more than a thousand in England alone, seeing the manner in which they are dispersed, not only over different counties of England, but as the annexed table will show, over the length and breadth of Germany, it seems to me utterly impossible to consider them as anything else than the every-day names of men common to the great German family. I am quite in accord then with the view taken by Sir J. Picton (Ethnology of Wiltshire).[29] "When the Saxons first invaded England, they came in tribes and families headed by their patriarchal leaders. Each tribe was called by its leader's name, with the termination ing, signifying family, and where they settled they gave their patriarchal name to the mark or central point round which they clustered." This is also the view taken by Foerstemann with regard to the German names, and I cannot doubt that Mr. Kemble, if he had had the opportunity of extending his survey over this wider area, would have come to the same conclusion. I take it then that the name contained in these forms is simply that of the leader under whose guidance these little settlements were made, and that, inasmuch as members of the same family would generally keep together, it is in most cases that of the patriarch or head of the family. Each man would no doubt have his own individual name, but as a community exercising certain rights in common, from which outsiders were excluded, they would require some distinctive appellation, and what so natural as that of their leader.

I now come to consider some points of difference between the Anglo-Saxon settlements and the German. While all the settlements in England must be taken to have been made by a Low German race, a large proportion of those in Germany must be taken to have been made by a High German people. Thus when we find Bæbingas in England represented by Papinga in Austria, Bassingas by Pasingas, and Bædingas by Patinga in Bavaria, we have the distinction between High and Low German, which might naturally be expected. So when we find Eastringas represented by Austringa in Baden, we have again a High German form to compare with a Low German. But this distinction is by no means consistently maintained throughout, and we seem to have a considerable mixture of High and Low German forms. Thus we have both Bæcgingas and Pæccingas, Dissingas and Tissingas, Gâringas and Coringas, Edingas and Odingas (representing as it seems the Anglo-Saxon ead or ed, and the High German aud or od). And even in some cases the rule seems to be reversed, and we have the High German in England, as in Eclingas against Egilinga in Bavaria, Hoppingas against Hobinga in Alsace, Ticcingas against Dichingen, &c. It would seem as if our settlements were made, at least in part, by a people who if not High German, had at any rate considerable High German affinities. To what extent the speech of the Angles which I suppose to have been the main element in the Northumbrian dialect, would answer these conditions, I would rather leave to our higher Anglo-Saxon scholars to decide. But it seems to me, so far as I may venture to give an opinion, that Lappenberg's theory, that the Saxons were accompanied by Franks, Frisians, and Lombards, would perhaps better than any other meet all the requirements of the case. Whence for instance could come such a form as Cwichelm for Wighelm, apparently a rather strongly marked Frankish form? Or Cissa (Chissa) for, as I suppose, Gisa, which would be apparently in conformity with a Frisian form? I have endeavoured to go into this subject more fully in a subsequent chapter, more particularly with regard to the Franks, and to show that there are a number of names in Anglo-Saxon times which might be of Frankish origin, and which perhaps it would be difficult to account for on any other theory. And it must be borne in mind that the earlier date now generally assigned for the first Teutonic settlements, naturally tends to give greater latitude to the inquiry as to the races by whom those settlements were made.

Another difference to be noted is that whereas all our settlements seem to have been made in heathen times, those of Germany extend into Christian times, as shown by such names as Johanningen, Jagobingen, and Steveningen, containing the scriptural names John, Jacob and Stephen. There is another and a curious name, Satanasinga, which, the place to which it is applied being a waste, seems to describe the people who lived in it, or around it, perhaps in reference to their forlorn condition, as "the children of Satan." The adoption of scriptural names seems to have taken place at a later period in England than either in Germany or in France. And we have not, as I believe, a single instance in our surnames of a scriptural name in an Anglo-Saxon patronymic form, as the Germans, judging from the above, might—possibly may—have.

Another point of difference between the Anglo-Saxon and the German settlements would seem to be this, that while the German list contains a considerable proportion of compound names, such as Willimundingas and Managoldingas, the Anglo-Saxon list consists almost exclusively of names formed of a single word, and the exceptions may almost be counted upon the fingers. With this I was at first considerably puzzled, but on looking more carefully into the lists, it seemed to me apparent that many of the names assumed by Mr. Kemble from names of places were in reality compound names in a disguised and contracted form. And as Tidmington, whence he derives Tidmingas, was properly Tidhelmingtun, so I conceive that Osmingas derived from Osmington, ought properly to be Oshelmingas, and Wylmingas, found in Wilmington, to be Wilhelmingas. So also I take it that Wearblingas, found in Warblington, ought to be Warboldingas, that Weomeringas, deduced from Wymering, ought to be Wigmeringas, and that Horblingas, found in Horbling, ought to be Horbaldingas. There are several other names, such as Scymplingas, Wramplingas, Wearmingas, Galmingas, &c., that seem as they stand, to be scarcely possible for names of men, and which may also contain compounds in a corrupted or contracted form. In addition to this, I note the following, found in ancient charters, which Mr. Kemble seems to have overlooked, Ægelbyrhtingas, found in Ægelbyrtingahyrst, No. 1041, Ceolredingas, found in Colredinga gemerc, 1149, and Godhelmingas found in Godelmingum, 314. If all these were taken into account, the difference, though it would still exist, might not be so great as to be unaccountable, considering that our settlements were made to a considerable extent at an earlier date, and by tribes more or less differing from those of Germany. It raises, moreover the question, dealt with in a very thorough manner by Stark, as to the extent to which these short and simple names may be contractions of compound names. I have referred to the subject in another place, and I will only observe at present that from the instances he cites the practice seems to have been rather specially common among the Frisians. Now it will be found on comparing the names of our ancient settlers with the Frisian names past and present cited by Outzen and Wassenberg, that there is a very strong family likeness between them, though we need not take it to amount to more than this, that the Frisian names may be taken as a type of the kind of names prevalent among the other neighbouring Low German tribes, until it can be more distinctly shown that there were settlements made by the Frisians themselves. And I have brought these names into the comparison simply as being the nearest representatives that I can find.

Notwithstanding the complete and valuable tables drawn up by Mr. Taylor for the purpose of comparing the Anglo-Saxon settlements with those of Germany, I have thought it useful to supplement them by another confined exclusively to the names drawn from ancient German records, and therefore, so far as they go, entirely trustworthy. And I take the opportunity to compare our existing surnames with these ancient names thus shown to be common to the great Teutonic family.

In the following table I have given then, first the Anglo-Saxon names from Kemble's lists, then the corresponding Old German from that of Foerstemann, with the district in which it is found, and, wherever identified, the existing name of the place, then names corresponding from the Liber Vitæ or elsewhere to show continued Anglo-Saxon use, with also Frisian names as already mentioned, and finally, the existing English surnames with which I compare them. It will be seen that these surnames in not a few cases retain an ancient vowel-ending in a, i, or o, as explained in a preceding chapter.

THE EARLY SAXON SETTLEMENTS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF GERMANY.

Anglo-Saxon.	German.	Locality in Germany.	(L.V.), Liber Vitæ. (F.), Frisian.	English Surnames.
Aldingas } Oldingas }	Aldinge	Now Aldingen, in Würtemburg	Alda (L.V.), Alte (F.)	Allday, Allt, Old, Olding.
Æceringas[30]	Aguringas	Now Egringen in Bavaria	Aker (L.V.)	Ager, Acres.
Ælingas	Allingen	Bavaria	Alli (L.V.), Alle (F.)	Alley, Allo.
Ælfingas } Ælpingas }	Albungen	Hesse Cassell	Alef (F.)	Aulph, Alpha, Elvy.
Æfeningas	{Heveningare { marca	Appenzell	Afun (L.V.)	Heaven? Evening.
Antingas	Endinga	Now Endingen, in Baden	Anta (A.S.)	And, Andoe, Hand.
Æscingas	Esginga	. . .	Æsc (A.S.)	Ask, Ashe.
Ætingas	Adinga	Pruss. Saxony	Atta (A.S.), Atte (F.)	Hatt.
Bæbingas	Papinga	Now Pabing, in Austria	Babba (A.S.), Babe (F.)	Babb.
Baningas	Boninge	. . .	Beana (L.V.), Banne (F.)	Bann, Banning.
Bædingas } Beadingas }	Patinga	{Now Beddingen, in Brunswick; {also Baden, Prussia, Austria	Bada, Betti (L.V.)	Batt, Batty, Betty, Batting.
Bassingas	Pasingas	Bavaria	Bass (A.S.)	Bass, Pass.
Bæcgingas } Beccingas } Pæccingas }	Bachingen Beckinga	Würtemburg Rhenish Prussia	Baga, Backa (L.V.)	Bagge, Back, Beck, Peck.
Bensingas	Pinsinga	Bavaria	Benza (L.V.)	Bence.
Bircingas	Biricchingen	. . .	. . .	Birch.
Bebingas	Bebingun	Bavaria, Würtg.	Bebba (A.S.)	Bibb, Bibby, Beeby.
Billingas	Bilinga	Hess., Würt., Friesland	. . .	Bill, Billow, Billing.
Binningas	Binnungen	Now Bingen, on Rhine	Bynni (L.V.), Binne (F.)	Binney, Binning.
Bydelingas	Budilingen	Luxembg., Austria	Botel (F.)	Biddle.
Briningas	. . .	. . .	Bryni (L.V.)	Brine, Brinney.
Beorningas	Pirninga	Würtemburg	Beorn (L.V.)	Burn, Burning.
Bondingas	. . .	. . .	Bonde (L.V., F.)	Bond.
Beormingas	Bermingahem	. . .	. . .	Breem.
Brydingas	Breidinge	Hesse Cass., Pruss. Sax.	. . .	Bride, Bird.
Bridlingas	Britlingi	Now Brütlingen, in Hanr.	. . .	Bridle.
Blæcingas	. . .	. . .	Blaca (L.V.)	Black.
Bruningas	Brunninga	Austria	Brôn (L.V.), Bruyn (F.)	Brown, Browning.
Beorhtingas } Byrtingas }	Perhtingen	Bavaria	Bercht (L.V.), Berti (F.)	Burt, Bright, Brighty, Brighting.
Brihtlingas	Bertelingas	Rhen. Prussia	. . .	Brightly, Brittell.
Buccingas	Puchinga	. . .	Bocco, Buco (F.)	Buck, Puck.
Bullingas	Bollinga	{Bullingen, in Rh. Pruss. {Also Tyrol and Westphal.	Bolle (F.)	Bull, Bolley, Bulling.
Byttingas }	Buddinga	Baden, Würt., Friesland	Bota (L.V.)	Budd, Butt, Botting.
Potingas }	Potingin	Baden, Aust., Friesland	Botte (F.)	Pott, Potto.
Bobingas } Bofingas }	Bobinga	Bobingen, in Bav.	Bofa (L.V.), Poppe (F.)	Boby, Poppy.
Bosingas	Bosinga	Austria, Würt.	Bosa (L.V.)	Boss, Bossey.
Buslingas	Buselingen	Büssling, by Schaffhausen	. . .	Bussell.
Burringas	Buringen	Würtemburg.	Burra (L.V.), Bore (F.)	Burr.
Cægingas	Cachinga	. . .	Kay, Key (F.)	Kay, Key (see p. [10]).
Callingas	Callinge	Holland	Kalle (F.)	Call, Callow.
Ceaningas	Conninge	Würtemburg	Canio (L.V.), Keno (F.)	Cann, Canning.
Cearlingas	Chirlingen	Kierling, in Austria	Karl (L.V.), Carl (F.)	Charley, Charles.
Cifíngas	Cheffingin	Würtemburg	Ceefi (L.V.)	Chaff, Chaffey.
Ceopingas	Chuppinga	Würtemburg	. . .	Chope, Chubb.
Copingas	Cofunga	Hesse Cassel	Cufa, Coifi (Ang.-Sax.)	Coffey, Cuff, Cuffey.
Codingas }	Cuttingas	Near Metz	Goda, (L.V.)	Goad, Codd, Coate, Godding.
Cotingas }	Gotinga	Bavaria	Gode (F.)
Colingas	Cholinga	. . .	Ceolla (L.V.)	Coll, Collie, Colling.
Cocingas	Gukkingin	Gugging, in Austria	. . .	Cock.
Cressingas	Chresinga	Würtemberg	. . .	Cressy.
Cnottingas	Knutingen	. . .	Cnut (L.V.)	Knott.
Cnudlingas	Cnutlinga	Baden	. . .	Nuttall.
Cenesingas[31]	{Kenzinga {Gensingen	Kenzingen, in Baden Gensungen, Hess. Cass.	. . .	Chance?
Centingas	Gandingen	Friesland	Kaenta (L.V.)	Cant, Gant, Gandy.
Culingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Cull, Cooling.
Denningas	Daningen	Baden	Dene (L.V.)	Dane, Dana, Denn, Denning.
Dillingas	Dilinga	Dillengen, in Bav.	Tilli (L.V.), Tilo (F.)	Dill, Till, Tilly.
Deorlingas } Teorlingas }	Darlingin	Brunswick	. . .	Darrell, Darling.
Dissingas } Tissingas }	Tisinga	Bavaria	Tisa, Disa (F.)	Dyce, Dicey, Tisoe.
Ticcangas	Dichingen	Friesland, Bav.	Tycca (A.S.)	Dick.
Dyclingas	Tuchilingen	Now Tuchling	. . .	Dickle, Tickle.
Doccingas	Dockinga	Friesland	Tocki (L.V.), Tocke (F.)	Dock, Tocque, Docking.
Dodingas	. . .	. . .	Doda (F.)	Dodd, Todd.
Dunningas	Tuningas	. . .	Duna (L.V.)	Dunn, Dunning.
Eastringas	Austringa	Oestringen, in Baden	. . .	Easter.
Edingas }	Edinga	Holland, Baden, Bav.	Ede (L.V.), Edde (F.)	Eddy.
Oddingas }	Odinga	Westphal., Bav.	Oda (L.V.), Odde (F.)	Oddy.
Elcingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Elk, Elcy, Elgee.
Ecgingas	Eginga	Schaffhausen, Bav.	Ecga (L.V.), Egga (F.)	Egg.
Eclingas	Egilinga	Bavaria	Ecgel (A.S.)	Edgell, Egle.
Elsingas	Elisingun	Hesse	Elsi (L.V.), Ealse (F.)	Else, Elsey, Elliss.
Eppingas }	Ebinga	Baden, Austria	Ebbi (L.V.)	{Epps.
Ippingas }	Ippinga	Ippingen, on Danube	Eppe (F.)	{Hipp.
Everingas } Eoforingas }	Eburingen	Pruss. Silesia	. . .	Ever, Every, Heber.
Eorpingas	Arpingi	. . .	Earbe (L.V.), Arpe (F.)	Harp, Earp.
Fearingas	Faringa	Upper Bav. & L. Constance	. . .	Farre, Farrow.
Fearningas	. . .	. . .	Forne (L.V.)	Fearn.
Finningas	Finninga	. . .	Finn (A.S.)	Finn, Finney.
Fincingas	. . .	. . .	Finc (A.S.), surname	Finch.
Folcingas	Fulchingen	. . .	Folco (L.V.)	Fulke.
Frodingas	. . .	. . .	Frode (L.V.)	Froude.
Gâringas } Coringas }	Geringen	Würtemberg	. . .	Gore, Cory.
Gestingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Guest, Gasting.
Geofuningas	Gebeningen	Austria	. . .	Giffen.
Gisilingas } Gillingas }	Gisilinga	Bavaria	Gisle, Gille (L.V.)	Gill.
Gealdingas } Goldingas }	Geltingen	Gelting, in Bav.	Golde (A.S.), Giolt (F.)	Gold, Galt, Golding.
Hallingas	Halinge	Bavaria	Halle (L.V.)	Hall, Halling.
Hæglingas	Hegelinge	Bavaria	Hagel (A.S.)	Hail, Hailing.
Hanesingas	Anzinga	Bavaria	. . .	Hance.
Heardingas }	Hardinghen	Pas de Calais	Hart (F.)	Hard, Hardy.
Heartingas }	Hertingen	Bavaria	. . .	Hart, Harding.
Hæslingas } Æslingas }	Hasalinge	Near Bremen	Esel (L.V.), Hessel (F.)	Hasell.
Hanningas } Heningas } Anningas }	Heninge	. . .	Anna (L.V.), Hanne, Enno (F.)	Hann, Hanning, Henn, Anning, Anne.
Hillingas } Illingas }	Illingun	Illingen, in Baden	Ylla (L.V.), Hille (F.)	Hill
Honingas	Oningas	Oeningen, on L. Constance	Ona (L.V.), Onno (F.)	Hone.
Horningas	. . .	. . .	Horn (A.S.)	Horne, Horning.
Herelingas	Herlingun	Austria	Harrol (F.)	Harle, Harley, Harling.
Hoppingas	Hobinga	Near Metz	Obbe, Hobbe (F.)	Hopp, Hoby, Hopping.
Hæcingas	Hahhinga	Haching, near Munich	Hacci (L.V.), Acke (F.)	Hack, Hacking.
Hafocingas	Hauechingas	Rhen. Pruss.	Hauc (L.V.)	Hawke.
Hocingas	Hohingun	Near Cologne and Zurich	Hoco (F.)	Hockey.
Hucingas	Huchingen	Friesland	. . .	Hook.
Huningas	Huninga	Hüningen, near Basle	Una (L.V.), Hunne (F.)	Hunn, Honey.
Huntingas	Huntingun	Baden	. . .	Hunt, Hunting.
Ifingas	. . .	. . .	Ivo (L.V.)	Ive, Ivy.
Immingas	Eminga	Emmingen, in Würt.	Imma (L.V.), Emo, Imme (F.)	Eames, Yems, Hime.
Læferingas	Livaringa	Near Salzburg	. . .	Laver.
Lullingas	Lolinga	Lullingen, in Rh. Pruss.	Lolle (F.)	Lull, Lully.
Luddingas	Liutingen	Baden	Lioda (L.V.), Ludde (F.)	Lyde, Lutto.
Lofingas	Luppinge	. . .	Lufe (L.V.), Lubbe (F.)	Love, Loving.
Lidelingas	Lutilinga	Würtemburg	. . .	Liddle.
Locingas	. . .	. . .	Locchi (L.V.)	Lock, Lockie.
Leasingas	Lasingi	. . .	Leising (L.V.)	Lees, Lessy.
Manningas	Meningen	. . .	Man (L.V.), Manno (F.)	Mann, Manning.
Massingas	Masingi	. . .	Mæssa (A.S.)	Massey, Messing.
Madingas	Madungen	Sax-Weimar	. . .	Maddey.
Mægdlingas[32]	. . .	. . .	Mædle (L.V.)	Madle.
Mæccingas	Maginga	{Maching, in Bavaria {Mechingen, by L. Constance	Mecga (A.S.) Mekke (F.)	Maggy, May.
Mycgingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Mico, Michie.
Merlingas	Marlingen	Bavaria	. . .	Merrill, Marl, Marling.
Mundlingas	Mundilinga	Bavaria	. . .	Mundell.
Marringas	Maringen	Baden, Würt.	Mar (A.S.)	Marr.
Meringas	Meringa	Hanover	. . .	Merry.
Millingas	Milinga	Bav., Rhen. Pruss.	Milo (L.V.)	Millie, Milo, Millinge.
Myrcingas[33]	Mirchingen	Lower Austria	Murk (F.)	Murch, Murchie.
Nydingas } Neddingas }	Nidinga	Neidingen, in Rh. Pruss.	Nytta (L.V.), Nette (F.)	Need, Neate.
Nottingas	Notingen	Upper Bavaria	Noedt (F.)	Nott, Nutting.
Ossingas	Ossingen	Rh. Bavaria	Hosa (L.V.)	Hose.
Palingas	. . .	. . .	Paelli (L.V.)	Palev, Paling.
Pegingas	Biginga	Westphalia	Pega (L.V.)	Pegg, Bigg.
Penningas	Penningin	North Germany	Benna (A.S.)	Penn, Benn.
Puningas	Buninga	. . .	Buna (A.S.)	Bunn.
Pitingas	Pidingun	Austria	. . .	Pitt.
Poclingas	Puchilinga	Pückling, on Danube	. . .	Puckle, Buckle.
Piperingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Piper.
Readingas	Radinga	Reding, in Luxembg.	Reid (F.)	Read.
Riccingas	. . .	. . .	Riki (F.)	Rich, Richey.
Ridingas	Ridingin	Rieding, in Upp. Bav.	. . .	Riddy, Rita, Ridding.
Riclingas	Richilinga	Reichling, on Rhine	Rykle (F.)	Regal, Wrigley.
Riplingas	Rupilinga	Upper Bavaria	. . .	Ripley.
Rollingas	Roldingen	Rolingen, in Luxembg.	Rolle (F.)	Rolle.
Ræfningas	Ravininge	Bavaria	Reuen (L.V.)	Raven.
Rodingas	Hrotthingun	Rh. Pruss., Bav.	Rudda (L.V.), Rode (F.)	Rodd, Rudd, Rudding.
Rossingas	Rossunga	. . .	Russe (F.)	Ross.
Ruscingas	. . .	. . .	Rosce (L.V.)	Rush.
Rocingas	Roggingun	Bavaria	Rogge, Rocche (F.)	Rock.
Rucingas	. . .	. . .	Rouke (F.)	Rugg, Ruck.
Sandringas	Sinderingum	Würtemburg	Sander (F.)	Sander.
Swaningas	Swaningun	Schwanningen, near Schaffhausen	Suan (L.V.)	Swan.
Syclingas	Sikilingin	Sittling, in Bav.	. . .	Sickle, Sickling.
Seaxlingas	Saxlinga	. . .	. . .	Satchell?
Sceardingas	Scardinga	Bavaria	. . .	Scard, Scarth.
Scytingas	Scithingi	. . .	Scytta (A.S.)	Skitt, Skeat, Shute.
Surlingas	. . .	. . .	Serlo (L.V.)	Sarle, Searle.
Scyrlingas	Skirilinga	Schierling, in Bav.	. . .	Shirley.
Sælingas	. . .	. . .	Salla (L.V.)	Sale, Sala.
Sceafingas	Sceuinge	. . .	. . .	Sheaf.
Scealingas	Scelinga	. . .	Sceal (L.V.)	Scally, Scales.
Snoringas	Snoringer marca	Rh. Bav.	Snearri (L.V.)	Snare.
Snotingas	Snudinga	. . .	Snod (A.S.)	Snoad.
Sealfingas	Selvingen	. . .	. . .	Self, Selvey.
Stubingas	Staubingen	Staubing, in Bavaria	Stuf (A.S.)	Stubbs, Stubbing.
Secgingas	Siggingahem	Belgium	Sigga (L.V.)	Siggs, Sick.
Specingas	Speichingas	Spaichengen, in Westph.	Spech (Domesday)	Speck.
Sceaflingas	Schuffelinga	Schiflingen, in Luxembg.	. . .	Shovel.
Stæningas	. . .	. . .	Stean (L.V.), Steen (F.)	Stone, Stenning.
Sinningas	Siningas	. . .	Sinne (F.)	Siney, Shinn.
Stellingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Stell.
Tædingas	Tattingas	Dettingen, in Bav.	Tade (F.)	Tadd, Taddy.
Tælingas	Telingen	Bavaria	Tella (L.V.), Tiele (F.)	Tall, Telling.
Dorringas	Torringun	Törring, in Austria	Tori (L.V.)	Torr.
Tutlingas	Tutlingun	Dutling, in Bav.	. . .	Tuttle.
Trumpingas[34]	. . .	. . .	. . .	Trump, Trumpy.
Thorningas	Thurninga	Dürningen, in Alsace	. . .	Thorne, Thorning.
Terringas	. . .	. . .	Terri (L.V.)	Terry.
Tucingas	Tuginga	Switzerland	Tuk (A.S.), Duce (L.V.)	Tuck, Duck.
Duringas	Turinga	Würtemburg	. . .	Turr, Durre, Turing.
Uffingas	Uffingen	Oeffingen, in Würtemburg	Offa (L.V.)	Ough, Hough, Huff.
Wearningas	Warningas	. . .	Warin (L.V.)	Warren, Warne.
Waceringas	Wacheringa	Friesland and Bav.	. . .	Waker.
Wealdringas	Waltringen	. . .	Wealdere (A.S.)	Walder, Walter.
Wasingas	Wasunga	Würtg., Sax. Mein.	Wasso (A.S.)	Wass.
Wippingas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Whipp.
Wittingas	Wittungen	Pruss. Sax.	Uitta (L.V.), Witte (F.)	Whit.
Willingas	Willinga	Bavaria	Wille (F.)	Will, Willow, Willing.
Winingas	Winninge	Winningen, on Rhine	Wynna, Uini (L.V.)	Wine, Winn, Winning.
Wealdingas	Waltingun	Austria	Wald (A.S.), Walte (F.)	Waldie, Waldo.
Wælsingas	Walasingas	. . .	. . .	Walsh.
Watingas	Waddinga	Weddingen, in Rh. Pruss.	Uada (L.V.), Uatto (F.)	Watt, Waddy.
Wellingas	Wellingen	Baden	. . .	Well.
Wigingas } Wiccingas }	Wikinka	Bavaria	Uicga (L.V.), Wigge, Wicco (F.)	Wigg, Wicking.
Wylfingas	Vulfinga	. . .	Wulf (A.S.)	Wolf.
Wrihtingas	Wirtingen	Austria	. . .	Wright.
Watringas	Wateringas	Wettringen, in Westph.	. . .	Water.
Wendlingas	Wenilinga	Near Strasburg	Windel (A.S.)	Windle, Wintle.
Wrihtlingas	Riutilinga	Reutlingen, in Würtg.	. . .	Riddle.
Wealcingas	. . .	. . .	Walch (L.V.), Walke (F.)	Walk, Walkey, Walking.
Wealcringas	. . .	. . .	Wealcere (A.S.)	Walker.
Wealingas	Walanger marca	On the Lahn	Walls (F.)	Wall.
Waplingas	Waplinga	. . .	. . .	Waple.
Wræningas	. . .	. . .	. . .	Wren, Rennie.
Wilrincgas	Williheringa	Willering, on Danube	Wyller (A.S.)	Willer.