Surnames as a Science

by Robert Ferguson

Anglo-Saxon Men's Names.		Place-Names.		English Surnames.
Abbod		Abbodesbyrig	}	Abbott
Abbud		Abbudesmearc
Æcemann		Æcemannes ceaster		Ackman, Aikman
Acen		Acenes feld		Aikin
Ægelweard		Ægelweardes mearc		Aylward
Alberht		Alcherdes ford		Allcard
Alder		Aldrestub		Alder
Ælfgar		Ælfgares gemæro		Algar
Ælfred		Ælfredes beorh		Alfred, Allfrey
Ælfher, or Ælfheri		Ælfheres stapol		Alvary
Æscmer		Æscmeres weorth		Ashmore
Æscmann		Æscmannes yre		Ashman
Alebeard		Alebeardes âc		Halbard
Amber		Ambresbyrig		Amber
Æthelstan		Æthelstanes tûn		Ethelston
Babel		Babeles beorh		Bable
Badherd		Badherdes sled		Beddard
Baldher		Baldheresberg		Balder
Baldric		Baldrices gemæro		Baldridge
Baldwin		Baldwines heath		Baldwin
Beored, or Beoret		Beoredes treôw		Berrette
Beornheard		Beornheardes lond		Bernard
Beornwold		Beornwoldes sætan		Bernold
Blunt		Bluntesham		Blunt
Bogel		Bogeles pearruc		Bogle
Bohmer		Bohmeres stigele		Bowmer
Bregen		Bregnesford		Brain
Brochard		Brochardes ford		Brocard
Buga		Buganstôc	}	Bugg
Bugga		Bugganbrôc
Bulemær		Bulemæres thorn		Bulmer
Buntel		Bunteles pyt		Bundle
Bunting		Buntingedîc		Bunting
Burhgeard		Burhgeardeswerthig		Burchard
Carda		Cardan hlæw		Card, Cart
Ceapa		Ceapan hlæw		Cheape
Ceawa		Ceawan hlæw		Chew
Cerda		Cerdan hlæw		Chard
Cissa		Cissan anstige		Cheese
Chetol (Danish)		Chetoles beorh		Kettle
Creoda		Creodan âc	}	Creed
Cridd		Criddes hô
Cumen		Cumenes ora		Cummin
Ceatewe		Ceatewesleah		Chattoway
Ceada		Ceadanford		Chad
Catt		Cattes stoke		Cat, Catty
Cæstæl		Cæstælesham		Castle
Cludd		Cludesleah		Cloud
Coten		Cotenesfeld		Cotton
Cruda		Crudan sceat		Crowd
Colomor		Colomores sîc		Colmer
Cydd		Cyddesige		Kidd
Cyble		Cybles weorthig		Keble
Celc		Celces ora		Kelk
Cylman		Cylmanstun		Killman
Cynlaf		Cynlafes stan		Cunliffe
Cynric		Cynrices gemæro		Kenrick
Cyneward		Cynewardes gemæro		Kenward
Cyppa		Cyppanham		Chipp
Dægel, or		Dæglesford	}	Dale
Deil		Deilsford
Dearnagel		Dearnagles ford		Darnell
Dæneheard		Dæneheardes hegerawe		Denhard
Deorlaf		Deorlafestun		Dearlove
Deormod[35]		Deormodes ald tun		Dermott
Dodd		Doddesthorp	}	Dodd
Dodda		Doddan hlæw
Dolemann		Dolemannes beorh		Dollman
Duceman		Ducemannestun		Duckman
Ducling		Duclingtun		Duckling
Dunn		Dunnes stigele		Dunn
Dogod		Dogodeswel		Doggett, Dugood
Dydimer		Dydimertun		Tidemore
Ealder		Ealderscumb		Alder
Ealdmann		Ealdmannes wyrth		Altman
Ealdermann[36]		Ealdermannes hæc		Alderman
Ealmund		Ealmundes treow		Almond
Eanulf		Eanulfestun		Enough
Earn		Earnesbeorh		Earney
Eastmond		Eastmondestun		Esmond
Ecgell		Ecgeles stiel		Edgell, Eagle
Fealamar		Fealamares brôc	{	Fillmore
				Phillimore
Flegg		Flegges garan		Flew
Focga		Focgancrundel		Fogg, Foggo
Freobearn		Freobearnes hlyp		Freeborn
Frigedæg		Frigedæges treôw		Friday
Fuhgel		Fuhgeles beorh		Fuggle, Fowl
Gandar		Gandrandun		Gander
Gæcg		Gæcges stapol	}	Gay
Geah		Geahes ofer
Gatehlinc		Gatehlinces heafod		Gatling
Geleca		Gelecancamp		Jellicoe
Geyn		Geynes thorn		Gain
Giselher		Gislhereswurth		Giller
Godincg		Godincges gemæro		Godding
Godmund		Godmundesleah		Godmund
Godwin		Godwines gemæro		Godwin
Grobb		Grobbes den		Grove, Grubb
Grott		Grottes grâf		Grote
Gund		Gundestige		Gunn, Gundey
Hærred		Hærredesleah		Herod
Heafoc		Heafoceshamme		Hawk
Hassuc		Hassuces môr		Haskey
Hering		Heringesleah		Herring
Hnibba		Hnibbanleah		Knibb, Knipe
Hayward		Haywardes ham		Hayward
Healda		Healdan grâf		Hald
Healden		Healdenes hô		Haldan
Helm		Helmes treow		Helme
Helfær		Helfæres gemæro		Helper
Help		Helpestonne		Helps
Herebritt		Herebrittes comb		Herbert
Herewin		Herewines hlipgat		Irwine
Hiccemann		Hiccemannes stân		Hickman
Humbald		Humbalding grâf		Humble
Hycemer, or Higemar		Hycemeres strêm		Highmore
Hnæf		Hnæfes scylf		Knapp
Hocg		Hocgestun		Hogg, Hodge
Horn		Hornes beorh		Horne
Hringwold		Hringwoldes beorh		Ringold
Hwittuc		Hwittuces leah		Whittock
Hutt		Huttes æsc		Hutt
Hygelac[37]		Hygelaces git		Hillock
Kyld		Kyldesby		Kilt
Leofer		Leoferes haga		Lover
Laferca		Lafercanbeorh		Laverick
Leofmann		Leofmannes gemæro		Loveman
Leommann		Leommannes grâf		Lemon
Leofsig		Leofsiges geat		Lovesy
Leofric		Leofrices gemæro		Loveridge
Lidgeard		Lidgeardes beorh		Ledgard
Lipperd		Lipperdes gemæro		Leopard
Lower		Lowereslege		Lower
Locer		Loceresweg		Locker
Lorta		Lortanberwe		Lord
Lorting		Lortinges bourne		Lording
Luder		Luderston		Luther
Ludmann		Ludmannes put		Lutman
Lull		Lulles beorh		Lull, Lully
Myceld		Myceldefer		Muckelt
Mûl		Muleshlæw		Moule
Negle		Neglesleah		Nagle
Næl		Nælesbrôc		Nail
Nybba		Nybban beorh		Nibbs
Oslac		Oslaces lea		Hasluck
Ogged		Oggedestun		Hodgett, Howitt
Oswald		Oswaldes mere		Oswald
Orlaf		Orlafestun		Orlop
Owun		Owunes hild		Owen
Pehtun		Pehtuns treow		Peyton
Pender		Penderes clif		Pender
Picced		Piccedes hô		Pickett
Pinnel		Pinnelesfeld		Pennell
Pippen		Pippenes fen		Pippin
Pyttel		Pittelesford		Piddel
Pitterich		Piterichesham		Betteridge
Pottel		Potteles treow		Pottle
Potten		Pottenestreow		Potten
Punt		Puntes stân		Punt
Puntel		Punteles treow		Bundle
Prentsa		Prentsan hlaw		Prentiss
Redwin		Redwines thorn		Readwin
Rahulf		Rahulfes furlong		Ralph
Rugebeorg		Rugebeorges gemæro		Rubery
Rumbold		Rumboldes den		Rumbold
Sceaft		Sceaftesbirig		Shaft, Shafto
Sceoll		Sceolles ealdcotan		Sholl
Scytta		Scyttandun		Skeat, Shute
Scyter[38]		Scyteres flôd		Shuter
Scealc		Scealces hom		Shawkey, Chalk?
Scyld		Scyldes treow		Shield
Simær		Simæres ford		Seymour
Secmær		Secmæres ora		Sycamore
Sigbriht		Sigbrihtes anstige		Sibert
Sibriht		Sibrihtesweald		Seabright[39]
Siger		Sigeres âc		Segar
Snell		Snellesham		Snell
Snod		Snodes hyl		Snoad
Streng		Strenges hô		Strong
Stut		Stutes hyl		Stout, Stott
Stutard		Stutardes cumb		Stothard, Studeard
Sucga		Sucgangrâf		Sugg
Sumer		Sumeresham		Summer
Sumerled (Danish)		Sumerledetun		Sommerlat
Sunemann		Sunemannes wyrthig		Sunman
Sweor		Sweores holt		Swire, Swears
Sweord		Sweordes stân		Sword
Tæcel		Tæcelesbrôc		Tackle
Tatmonn		Tatmonnes apoldre		Tadman
Tatel		Tatlestrop		Tattle
Thuner		Thunresfeld		Thunder
Thurgar (Danish)		Thurgartun		Thurgur
Thrista		Thristan den		Trist
Theodher		Theoderpoth		Theodore
Thurold (Danish)		Thuroldes gemæro		Thorold
Toma		Tomanworthig		Tomey
Ticcen		Ticnesfeld		Dickin
Tilgar		Tilgares dîc		Dilger
Tilluc		Tilluces leah		Tillick, Dilke
Tilmann		Tilmannes den		Tilman
Titferth		Titferthes geat		Titford
Upicen		Upicenes hlyw		Hopkin
Wahgen		Wahgenes gemæro		Wain
Wealden		Wealdenes weg		Walden
Wealder		Wealderes weg		Walter
Westan		Westanes treow		Weston
Wigheard		Wigheardes stapol		Wyard
Wighelm		Wighelmes land		Whigam
Wihtlac		Wihtlaces ford		Whitelock
Wihtric		Wihtricesham		Whitridge
Wilmund		Wilmundes leah		Williment
Willher		Willheres triow		Willer
Wicg		Wicgestan		Wigg
Uuigga		Wuiggangeat
Winagar		Winagares stapul		Winegar
Wileard		Wileardes hyrste		Willard
Wistan for Wigstan?		Wistanes gemæro		Whiston
Wulfsig		Wulfsiges croft		Wolsey
Wulfgar		Wulfgares gemæro		Woolgar
Wulfmer		Wulfmeres myln		Woolmer
Wulfric		Wulfrices gemæro		Woolrych
Wyner		Wyneres stig		Winer
Waring		Wæring wîc		Waring
Wifel		Wifelesham		Whipple
Woden[40]		Wodnesbeorg		Woodin?
Wydda		Wyddanbeorh		Widow

The above names are deduced entirely from the names of places found by Mr. Kemble in ancient charters. The list is not by any means an exhaustive one, as I have not included a number of names taken into account in Chap. IV., and as also the same personal name enters frequently into several place-names. With very few exceptions these names may be gathered to the roll of Teutonic name-stems, notwithstanding a little disguise in some of their forms, and a great, sometimes a rather confusing, diversity of spelling. I take names such as the above to be the representatives of the every-day names of men in Anglo-Saxon times, rather than the names which come before us in history and in historical documents. For it seems to me that a kind of fashion prevailed, and that while a set of names of a longer and more dignified character were in favour among the great, the mass of the people still, to a great extent, adhered to the shorter and more simple names which their fathers had borne before them. Thus, when we find an Æthelwold who was also called Mol, an Æthelmer who was also called Dodda, and a Queen Hrothwaru who was also called Bucge, I am disposed to take the simple names, which are such as the earlier settlers brought over with them, to have been the original names, and superseded by names more in accordance with the prevailing fashion. Valuable then as is the Liber Vitæ of Durham, as a continuous record of English names for many centuries, yet I am inclined to think that inasmuch as that the persons who come before us as benefactors to the shrine of St. Cuthbert may be taken to be as a general rule of the upper ranks of life, they do not afford so faithful a representation of the every-day names of Anglo-Saxons as do the little freeholders who lived and died in their country homes. And, moreover, these are, as it will be seen, more especially the kind of names which have been handed down from Anglo-Saxon times to the present day.

In connection with this subject, it may be of interest to present a list of existing names of places formed from an Anglo-Saxon personal name, as derived from the same ancient charters dealt with in the previous list. And in so doing I confine myself exclusively to the places of which the present names have been positively identified by Mr. Kemble. And in the first place I will take the place-names which consist simply of the name of a tribe or family unqualified by any local term whatever.

Name in Anglo-Saxon Charters.	Present Name.
Æfeningas	Avening	Gloucestershire
Angemeringum	Angmering	Sussex
Ascengas	Eashing	Surrey
Banesingas	Bensington	Oxfordshire
Bærlingas	Barling	Kent
Beadingum	Beden	Gloucestershire
Berecingas	Barking	Essex
Brahcingum	Braughin	Herts.
Byrhtlingas	Brightling	Sussex
Cerringes	Charing	Kent
Ciwingum	Chewing	Herts.
Culingas	Cooling	Kent
Cytringas	Kettering	Northampton
Diccelingas	Ditchling	Sussex
Geddingas	Yeading	Middlesex
Godelmingum	Godalming	Surrey
Hallingas	Halling	Kent
Herlinge	Harling	Norfolk
Horningga	Horning	Norfolk
Meallingas	Malling	Kent
Pæccingas	Patching	Sussex
Puningas	Poynings	Surrey
Readingan	Reading	Berkshire
Rodinges	Roothing	Essex
Stæningas	Steyning	Sussex
Swyrdhlincas	} Swarling	Kent
(Swyrdlingas)
Terringes	Tarring	Sussex
Terlinges	Terling	Essex
Totingas	Tooting	Surrey
Wellingum	Wellwyn	Herts.
Werhornas	Warehorne	Kent
Wihttringas	Wittering	Surrey
Uoccingas	Woking	Surrey
Wyrtingas	Worting	Hants.

I will now take the places which in a later and more settled time have been derived from the name of a single man, as representing his dwelling, his domain, or in not a few cases his grave.

Anglo-Saxon Man's Name.	Place-Name.	Present Name.
Abba	Abbandun	Abingdon	Berks.
Ægel	{ Ægelesbyrig	Aylesbury	Bucks.
	{ Æglesford	Aylesford	Kent
	{ Ægeleswurth	Aylesworth	Nthmptn.
Agmod	Agmodesham	Agmondesham	Bucks.
Æsc	Æscesbyrig	Ashbury	Berks.
Æscmer	Æscmeres weorth	Ashmansworth	Hants.
Amber	{ Ambresbyrig	Amesbury	Wilts.
	{ Ambresleah	Ombersley	Worc.
Ælfreding	Ælfredincgtun	Alfreton	Derby.
Badda	Baddanby	Badby	Nthmptn.
Badhelming	Badimyncgtun	Badminton	Glouc.
Baldher	Baldheresberg	Baltonsborough	Somerset.
Becca	Beccanleah	Beckley	Sussex.
Beda	Bedanford	Bedford	Beds.
Benna	Bennanham	Beenham	Berks.
Benning	Benningwurth	Bengworth	Worc.
Bledda	Bleddanhlæw	Bledlow	Bucks.
Blunt	Bluntesham	Bluntisham	Hunts.
Bodeca	Bodecanleah	Butleigh	Somerset.
Bodek	Bodekesham	Bottisham	Camb.
Bocga	Bocganora	Bognor	Sussex.
Bordel	Bordelestun	Burleston	Dorset.
Brand	Brandesburh	Bransbury	Hants.
Bregen	Bregnesford	Bransford	Worc.
Cada	Cadandun	Chadlington	Oxford.
Cæg	Cægeshô	Keysoe	Beds.
Calmund	Calmundes den	Calmsden	Glouc.
Ceadela	Ceadelanwurth	Chaddleworth	Berks.
Ceadel	Ceadeleshunt	Chadshunt	Warw.
Ceader	Ceadresleah	Chaseley	Worc.
Cendel	Cendeles funta	Chalfont	Bucks.
Celta	Celtenhom	Cheltenham	Glouc.
Ceol	Ceolesig	Cholsey	Berks.
Cippa	Cippenham	Chippenham	Wilts.
Ceolbalding	Ceolbaldinctun	Chilbolton	Hants.
Ceort	Ceortesege	Chertsey	Surrey
Cinhild (woman)	Cinildewyrth	Kenilworth	Warw.
Cissa	Cissanceaster	Chichester	Sussex.
Coda	Codanford	Codford	Wilts.
Codda	Coddanhrycg	Cotheridge	Worc.
Coling	Colingham	Collingham	Notts.
Crym	Crymesham	Crimsham	Sussex.
Croppa	Croppanthorn	Cropthorn	Worc.
Cumen	Cumenora	Cumnor	Berks.
Cungar	Cungaresbyrig	Congressbury	Somerset.
Cwichelm	Cwichelmes hlæw	Cuckamslow hill	Berks.
Cyneburging[41]	Cyneburgincton	Kemerton	Glouc.
Cynlaf	Kynleveden	Kelvedon	Essex.
Ketel (Danish)	Kitlebig	Kettleby	Linc.
Dæcca, or Dægga	Daccanhaam	Dagenham	Essex.
Dægel	Dæglesford	Daylesford	Worc.
Deôrlaf	Deorlafestun	Darlaston	Staffs.
Dodda	Doddanford	Dodford	Nthmptn.
Dodd	Doddesthorp	Dogsthorp	Nthmptn.
Dogod	Dogodeswel	Dowdswell	Glouc.
Domec	Domecesige	Dauntsey	Wilts.
Duceling	Duceling dun	Ducklington	Oxford.
Dunning	Dunnincland	Donyland	Essex.
Dideling	Didelingtun	Didlington	Dorset.
Eadric	Eadricestun	Edstone	Warw.
Eccing	Eccingtun	Eckington	Worc.
Eccle, or Egil	Eccleshale	Exhall	Warw.
Effing	Effingeham	Effingham	Surrey.
Erping	Erpingham	Erpingham	Norfolk.
Eof, or Eofa	Eofesham	Evesham	Worc.
Fecca	Feccanhom	Feckenham	Worc.
Flæda	Flædanburg	Fladbury	Worc.
Folc	Folcesstan	Folkstone	Kent.
Gidding	Giddincford	Gidding	Suffolk.
Gyseling	Gyselingham	Gislingham	Suffolk.
Godmer	Godmeresham	Godmersham	Kent.
Grim	Grimaston	Grimstone	Norfolk.
Gun or Gund	Gunthorpe	Gunthorp	Nthmptn.
Gyp	Gypeswich	Ipswich	Suffolk.
Hauek	Hauekestun	Hauxton	Camb.
Hæfar	Hæfaresham	Haversham	Bucks.
Hamela	Hamelendûn	Hambledon	Hants.
Hærigeard	Hærigeardesham	Harrietsham	Kent.
Haling	Halington	Hallington	Linc.
Hanekyn	Hanekynton	Hankerton	Wilts.
Hanning	Hanningtun	Hannington	Hants.
Hæda	Hædanham	Haddenham	Camb.
Helming	Helmyngton	Hemington	Nthmptn.
Help	Helpestonne	Helpstone	Nthmptn.
Hemming	Hemmingford	Hemingford Abbots	Hunts.
Hengest	{ Hengesteshricg	Henstridge	Somerset.
	{ Hengestesige	Hinksey	Berks.
Hild	Hildesdûn	Hillersdon	Bucks.
Heorulf	Heorelfestun	Harleston	Staff.
Heorting	Heortingtun	Hardington	Somerset.
Honekyn	Honekynton	Hankerton	Wilts.
Honing	Honingtun	Honington	Linc.
Horning	{ Horningeseie	Horningsea	Camb.
	{ Horningges hæth	Horningsheath	Suffolk
Hôd	Hôdesâc	Hodsoak	Worc.
Hunewald	Hunewaldesham	Windlesham	Surrey
Hunta	Huntandun	Huntingdon	Hants.
Hwiting	Hwitingtun	Whittington	Worc.
Kyld	Kyldesby	Kilsby	Nthmptn.
Laua	Lauanham	Lavenham	Suffolk
Lauing	Lauingtun	Barlavington	Sussex
Lamb (Danish?)	Lambehith	Lambeth
Lott	Lottisham	Lottisham	Somerset.
Mealdhelm	Mealdumesburg	Malmsbury	Wilts.
Myceld	Myceldefer	Mitcheldover	Hants.
Mûl	{ Mûleseige	Moulsey	Surrey
	{ Mûlesham	Moulsham	Essex
Munda	Mundanham	Mundham	Sussex
Neteling	Netelingtun	Nettleton	Wilts.
Offa	Offanleah	Offley	Herts.
Orlaf	Orlafestun	Orleston	Derby.
Orm (Danish)	Ormisby	Ormsby	Norfolk
Osgot	Osgotbi	Osgodby	Linc.
Oshelming	Osmingtun	Osmington	Dorset
Oswald	Oswaldeshlaw	Oswaldslow	Worc.
Pading	Padingtun	Paddington
Parting	Partingtun	Patrington	Yorks.
Peda	Pedanhrycg	Petridge	Surrey
Peada	Peadanwurth	Padworth	Berks.
Peatting	Peattingtun	Pattingham	Salop
Pecga	Pecganham	Pagham	Sussex
Peden	Pednesham	Pensham	Worc.
Piterich	Piterichesham	Petersham	Worc.
Port	Portesham	Portisham	Dorset.
Raculf	Raculfcestre	Reculver	Kent
Remn[42] for Raven	Remnesdun	Ramsden	Sussex
Rydemær, or Redmer	Rydemæreleah	Redmarley	Worc.
Riking	Rikinghal	Rickinghall	Suffolk
Ring	Ringestede	Ringstead	Norfolk
Rodda	Roddanbeorg	Rodborough	Glouc.
Rolf, for	Rolfestun	Rolleston	Staffs.
Rodulf	Rollesby	Rollesby	Norfolk
Sidel	Sidelesham	Sidlesham	Sussex
Sceaft	Sceaftesbirig	Shaftesbury	Dorset.
Secg	Secgesbearue	Sedgeberrow	Worc.
Snodd	Snoddesbyrig	Upton Snodsbury	Worc.
Snoding	Snodingland	Snodland	Worc.
Sumer	Sumeresham	Somersham	Hunts.
Sumerled (Danish)	Sumerledetun	Somerleyton	Suffolk
Sunna	Sunnandun	Sundon	Beds.
Swythbriht	Swythbrihtesweald	Sibbertswold	Kent
Swithreding	Swithrædingden	Surrenden	Kent
Sylc	Sylceswyrth	Silksworth	Durham
Tadmær	Tadmærtun	Tadmarton	Oxford.
Tæfing	Tæfingstoc	Tavistock	Devon.
Teotting	Teottingtun	Teddington	Wor.
Taling	Talingtun	Tallington	Linc.
Toda	Todanhom	Toddenham	Glouc.
Toma	Tomanworthig	Tamworth	Warw.
Theogen	Theogendethorp	Theddlethorp	Linc.
Thunar	Thunresfeld	Thundersfield	Surrey
Ticen	Ticnesfeld	Tichfield	Hants.
Tidhelming	Tidelminctun	Tidmington	Worc.
Tilling	Tillingham	Tillingham	Essex
Tocca	Toccanham	Tockenham	Wilts.
Toting	Totingtun	Tottington	Norfolk
Treding	{ Tredingtun	Tredington	Glouc.
	{ Tredinctun	Tredington	Worc.
Trosting	Trostingtun	Troston	Suffolk
Tuding	Tudingtun	Teddington	Middlsx.
Tunweald	Tunwealdes stân	Tunstone	Glouc.
Turca	Turcanden	Turkdean	Glouc.
Twica	Tuicanham	Twickenham	Middlsx.
Thurgar (Danish)	Thurgartun	Thurgarton	Norfolk
Ufing	Ufinctun	Ovington	Hants.
Wacen	Uacenesfeld	Watchfield	Berks.
Watling	Uætlinctun	Watlington	Oxford.
Wassing	Wassingburg	Washingborough	Linc.
Wald	Waldeswel	Woldswell	Glouc.
Weard	Weardesbeorh	Warborough	Oxford.
Wifel	{ Wifeles cumb	Wiveliscomb	Somerset.
	{ Wifelesford	Wilsford	Wilts.
Wilburg (Woman)	{ Wilburgeham	Wilbraham	Camb.
	{ Wilburhtun	Wilburton	Camb.
Willer	Willerseia	Willersey	Glouc.
Weogern	Weogernacester	Worcester	Worc.
Wine	{ Uines hlau	Winslow	Bucks.
	{ Wines hyl	Winshill	Derby.
Wrening	Wreningham	Wreningham	Norfolk
Werot	Uurotaham	Wrotham	Kent
Wulfwarding	Wulfweardigleâ	Wolverley	Worc.
Wendel, or Windel	Wendlesora, or Windlesora	Windsor	Berks.

The last name, Windsor, is an amusing instance of the older attempts at local etymology. First it was supposed, as being an exposed spot, to have taken its name from the "wind is sore;" then it was presumed that it must have been a ferry, and that the name arose from the constant cry of "wind us o'er" from those waiting to be ferried across. It was a great step in advance when the next etymologist referred to the ancient name and found it to be Windelsora, from ora, shore, (a contraction of ofer?) Still, the etymon he deduced therefrom of "winding shore" is one that could not be adopted without doing great violence to the word; whereas, without the change of a letter, we have Windels ore, "Windel's shore," most probably in the sense of landing-place. The name Windel forms several other place-names; it was common in ancient times, and it has been taken to mean Vandal. I refer to this more especially to illustrate the importance of taking men's names into account in considering the origin of a place-name.

The above names are confined entirely, as I have before mentioned, to the places that have been positively identified by Mr. Kemble. And as these constitute but a small proportion of the whole number, the comparison will serve to give an idea of the very great extent to which place-names are formed from men's names.

FOOTNOTES:

[35] Cf. also Diormod, moneyer on Anglo-Saxon coins, minted at Canterbury. There is, however, an Irish Diarmaid which might in certain cases intermix, and whence we must take McDermott.