[96] Herschel, On the Action of Crystallized Bodies on Homogeneous Light, and on the causes of the deviation from Newtons scale in the tints which many of them develope on exposure to a polarized ray.—Phil. Trans., vol. cx., p. 88.
[97] On the Nature of Light and Colours: Lecture 39, in Young’s Lectures on Natural Philosophy, Kelland’s Edition, p. 373, and the authorities there quoted.
[98] Brewster’s Optics: Lardner’s Cabinet Cyclopædia. Herschel, On Light: Encyclopædia Metropolitana.
[99] Malus, Sur une Propriété de la Lumière Réfléchie: Mémoires d’Arcueil. Numerous memoirs by Sir David Brewster, in the Philosophical Transactions.
[100] Bartholin, On Iceland Crystals: Copenhagen, 1669. An Accompt of sundry Experiments made and communicated by that Learn’d Mathematician Dr. Erasmus Bartholin, upon a Chrystal like Body sent to him out of Island: in connection with which Dr. Matthias Paissenius writes:—The observations of the excellent Bartholin upon the Island Chrystal are, indeed, considerable, as well as painful. We have here, also, made some tryals of it upon a piece he presented me with, which confirm his observations. Mean time he found it somewhat scissile and reducible by a knife into thin laminas or plates, which, when single, shew’d the object single, but laid upon one another shew’d it double; the two images appearing the more distant from one another, the greater the number was of those thin plates laid on one another. With submission to better judgements I think it to be a kind of Selenites. Some of our curious men here were of opinion that the Rhomboid figure proper to this stone was the cause of the appearances doubled thereby. But having tryed whether in other transparent bodies of the like figure the like would happen, we found no such thing in them, which made us suspect some peculiarity in the very Body of the stone.—Phil. Trans. for 1670, vol. v.
[101] On the Application of the Laws of Circular Polarization to the Researches of Chemistry: by M. Biot.—Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, vol. iii., and Scientific Memoirs, vol. i. p. 600. On Circular Polarization: by Dr. Leeson.—Memoirs of the Chemical Society.
[102] In Sir David Brewster’s Treatise On Optics, chap, xviii., On Polarization, the best arrangements for a polarizing apparatus will be found described.
[103] This beautiful application was recently made by Professor Wheatstone, the particulars of which will be found in his interesting communication.—On a means of determining the apparent Solar Time by the diurnal changes of the Plane of Polarization at the Northern Pole of the Sky: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting of the British Association.
[104] On the Polarization of the Chemical Rays of Light: by John Sutherland, M.D., in which the author refers to the following experiment of M. J. E. Bérard—“I received the chemical rays directed into the plane of the meridian on an unsilvered glass, under an incidence of 35° 61'. The rays reflected by the first glass were received upon a second, under the same incidence. I found that when this was turned towards the south, the muriate of silver exposed to the invisible rays which it reflected was darkened in less than half an hour; whereas, when it was turned towards the west, the muriate of silver exposed in the place where the rays ought to have been reflected, was not darkened, although it was left exposed for two hours. It is consequently to be presumed that the chemical rays can undergo double refraction in traversing certain diaphanous bodies; and lastly, we may say that they enjoy the same physical properties as light in general.”—Philosophical Magazine, vol. xx.
Dr. Leeson has stated that Daguerreotype pictures can be taken more readily under the influence of polarized light, than by ordinary radiation.