[152] Adopting, to a certain extent, this view, Faraday, in his Electrical Nomenclature, proposed for the word pole to substitute anode (ανω, upwards, and ὁδος, a way), the way which the sun rises; and cathode (κατα, downwards, and ὁδος, a way), the way which the sun sets. The hypothesis belongs essentially to Ampère. Objections to the Theories severally of Franklin, Dufay, and Ampère, with an Effort to Explain Electrical Phenomena by Statical or Undulatory Polarisation, by Robert Hare, M.D., Pennsylvania, will well repay an attentive perusal.
[153] Inquiry into the Laws of the Vital Functions.—Philosophical Transactions, 1815, 1822; Some Observations relating to the Functions of Digestion, ibid., 1829: On the Powers on which the Functions of Life in the more perfect animals depend, and on the manner in which they are associated in the production of their more complicated results, by A. P. W. Philip, M.D., F.R.S., L. and E.—The following extract from the last-quoted of Dr. Philip’s Memoirs, will give a general view of the conclusions of that eminent physiologist:—“With respect to the nature of the powers of the living animal which we have been considering, the sensorial and muscular powers, and the powers peculiar to living blood, we have found belong to the living animal alone, all their peculiar properties being the properties of life. The functions of life may be divided into two classes, those which are affected by the properties of this principle alone, and those, by far the most numerous class, which result from the co-operation of these properties with those of the principles which operate in inanimate nature. The nervous power we have found to be a modification of one of the latter principles, because it can exist in other textures than those to which it belongs in the living animal, and we can substitute for it one of those principles without disturbing the functions of life.
“Late discoveries have been gradually evincing how far more extensive than was supposed, even a few years ago, is the dominion of electricity. Magnetism, chemical affinity, and (I believe from the facts stated in the foregoing paper, it will be impossible to avoid the conclusion) the nervous influence, the leading power in the vital functions of the animal frame, properly so called, appear all of them to be modifications of this apparently universal agent; for I may add we have already some glimpses of its still more extensive dominion.”
Refer to Dr. Reid’s papers.
[154] Electro-physiological Researches: by Signor Carlo Matteucci; Phil. Trans. 1845, p. 293, and subsequent years.
[155] Electro-Biology: by Alfred Smee, Esq.
[156] Observations of Electric Currents in Vegetable Structures: by Golding Bird, Esq., F.L.S.; Magazine of Natural History, vol. x. p. 240. In this paper Dr. Bird remarks that his experiments lead to the conclusion that vegetables cannot become so charged with electricity as to afford a spark; that electrical currents of feeble tension are always circulating in vegetable tissues; and that electrical currents are developed during germination from chemical action.
[157] On Mineral Veins: by Robert Were Fox, Esq.; Fourth Report of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. On the Electro-magnetic Properties of Metalliferous Veins in the mines of Cornwall: by Robert W. Fox, Esq.; Phil. Trans. 1830, p. 399.
[158] Experiments and Observations on the Electricity of Mineral Veins: by Robert Hunt and John Phillips; Reports of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society for 1841–42. On the Electricity of Mineral Veins: by Mr. John Arthur Phillips; Ibid., 1843.
[159] In the lead lodes of Lagylas and Frongoch, electrical currents were detected by Mr. Fox, but none in those of South Mold and Milwr, in Flintshire: Cornwall Geological Transactions, vol. iv. In the lead veins of Coldberry and Skeers, in Teasdale, Durham, the currents detected were very feeble: Reports of the Bristol Association, 1838. Von Strombeck could detect no electric currents in the veins worked in the clay slate near Saint Goar, on the Rhine: Archiv. für Mineralogie, Geognosie, &c., von Dr. C. J. B Karsten, 1833. Professor Reich, however, obtained very decided results at Frisch Glück, Neue Hoffnung, Gottlob, and in other mineral veins in the mining districts of Saxony: Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. xxviii. 1839. The irregularities are all to be explained by the presence or absence of chemical excitation.