Wandering albatross No 423 Diomedea exulans 214
Razor-bill hawk No 425 Alca torda 210
Puffin No 427 Alca arctica 211
Antient No 430
Pygmy No 431
Tufted No 432
Parroquet No 433
Crested No 434
Dusky No 435
Foolish guillemot No 436 Colymbus troille 220
Black guillemot No 437 Colymbus grylle. ib.
Marbled guillemot No 438
Imber diver No 440 Colymbus immer 222
Speckled diver No 441
Red-throated diver No 443 Colymbus septentrionalis 220
Great tern No 448 Sterna hirundo.
Kamtschatkan P.525 A.
Black-headed gull No 455 Larus ridibundus 225
Kittiwake gull No 456 Larus rissa 224
Ivory gull No 457
Arctic gull No 459
Tarrock P.533D.Larus tridactylus. ib.
Red-legged P.533 E.
Fulmar petrel No 464 Procellaria glacialis 213
Stormy petrel No 464 Procellaria pelagica 212
Kurile petrel P.536 A.
Blue petrel.[77] Preface.
Goosander merganser No 465 Mergus merganser 208
Smew No 468 Mergus albellus 209
Whistling swan No 469 Anas Cygnus ferus 194 A.
Great goose P.570
Chinese goose P.571 Anas cygnoides 194 B.
Snow goose No 477
Brent goose No 478 Anas bernicla 198
Eider duck No 480 Anas molitsima ib.
Black duck No 483 Anas spectabilis 195
Velvet duck No 481 Anas fusca 196
Shoveler No 485 Anas clypeata 200
Golden eye No 486 Anas clangula 201
Harlequin No 490 Anas histrionica 204
Mallard No 494 Anas boschas 205
* Western No 497
Pintail No 500 Anas acuta 202
* Longtailed No 501 Anas glacialis 203
Morillon P.573 F. Anas glaucion 201
Shieldrake P.572 D. Anas tadorna 195
Tufted P.573 G. Anas fuligula 207
Falcated P.574 I.
Garganey P.576 O. Anas querquedula 263
Teal P.577 P. Anas crecia 204
Corvorant No 509 Pelecanus carbo 216
Violet corvorant P.584 B.
Red-faced corvorant P.584 C.
[77] I never saw this, but it is mentioned by Mr Ellis. I had omitted it in my zoologic part.
SECTION VII.
General Account of Kamtschatka, continued.--Of the Inhabitants.--Origin of the Kamtschadales.--Discovered by the Russians.--Abstract of their History.--Numbers.--Present State.--Of the Russian Commerce in Kamtschatka.--Of the Kamtschadale Habitations, and Dress.--Of the Kurile Islands.--The Koreki.--The Tschutski.
The present inhabitants of Kamtschatka are of three sorts. The natives, or Kamtschadales; the Russians and Cossacks; and a mixture of these two by marriage.
Mr Steller, who resided sometime in this country, and who seems to have taken great pains to gain information on this subject, is persuaded, that the true Kamtschadales are a people of great antiquity, and have for many ages inhabited this peninsula; and that they are originally descended from the Mungallians, and not either from the Tungusian Tartars, as some, or the Japanese, as others have imagined.
The principal arguments, by which he supports these opinions, are, That there exists not among them the trace of a tradition of their having migrated from any other country; that they believe themselves to have been created and placed in this very spot by their god Koutkou; that they are the most favoured of his creatures; the most fortunate and happy of beings; and that their country is superior to all others, affording means of gratification far beyond what are any where else to be met with; that they have a perfect knowledge of all the plants of their country, their virtues and uses, which could not be acquired in a short time; that their instruments and household utensils differ greatly from those of any other nation, and are made with an extraordinary degree of neatness and dexterity, which implies that they are both of their own invention, and have been long in arriving at so great perfection; that, antecedently to the arrival of the Russians and Cossacks among them, they had not the smallest knowledge of any people, except the Koreki; that it is but of late they had an intercourse with the Kuriles, and still later (and happened by means of a vessel being shipwrecked on their coast) that they knew any thing of the Japanese; and, lastly, that the country was very populous at the time the Russians first got footing in it.
The reasons he alleges for supposing them to be originally descended from the Mungalians, are, That many words in their language have terminations similar to those of the Mungalian Chinese, such as, ong, ing, oing, tching, tcha, tchoing, ksi, ksung, &c.; and, moreover, that the same principle of inflexion or derivation obtains in both languages; that they are in general under-sized, as are the Mungalians; that their complexion, like theirs, is swarthy; that they have black hair, little beard, the face broad, the nose short and flat, the eyes small and sunk, the eye-brows thin, the belly pendant, the legs small; all which are peculiarities that are to be found among the Mungalians. From the whole of which he draws this conclusion, that they fled for safety to this peninsula, from the rapid advances of the Eastern conquerors; as the Laplanders, the Samoides, &c. were compelled to retreat to the extremities of the north by the Europeans.
The Russians having extended their conquests, and established posts and colonies along that immense extent of coast of the Frozen Sea, from the Jenesei to the Anadir, appointed commissaries for the purpose of exploring and subjecting the countries still farther eastward. They soon became acquainted with the wandering Koriacs, inhabiting the north and north-east coast of the sea of Okotzk, and, without difficulty, made them tributary. These being the immediate neighbours of the Kamtschadales, and likewise in the habits of bartering with them, a knowledge of Kamtschatka followed of course.
The honour of the first discovery is given to Feodot Alexeieff, a merchant, who is said to have sailed from the river Kovyma, round the peninsula of the Tschutski, in company with seven other vessels, about the year 1648. The tradition goes, that, being separated from the rest by a storm, near the Tschukotskoi Noss, he was driven upon the coast of Kamtschatka, where he wintered; and the summer following coasted round the promontory of Lopatka, into the sea of Okotzk, and entered the mouth of the Tigil; but that he and his companions were cut off by the Koriacs, in endeavouring to pass from thence by land to the Anadirsk. This, in part, is corroborated by the accounts of Simeon Deshneff, who commanded one of the seven vessels, and was thrown on shore at the mouth of the Anadir. Be this as it may, since these discoverers, if such they were, did not live to make any report of what they had done, Volodimir Atlassoff, a Cossack, stands for the first acknowledged discoverer of Kamtschatka.[78]