Jaw Musculature of the Mourning and White-winged Doves

by Robert L. Merz

The jaw muscles of the species dissected for this study are, in gross form, nearly identical from one species to another. Thus, a description of the pertinent myology of each species is unnecessary; one basic description is hereby furnished, with remarks on the variability observed between the species.

The terminology adopted by me for the jaw musculature is in boldfaced italic type. Synonyms are in italic type and are the names most often used by several other writers.

M. pterygoideus ventralis: part of Mm. pterygoidei, Gadow, 1891:323-325, table 26, figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and table 27, fig. 3—part of M. pterygoideus internus, Shufeldt, 1890:20, figs. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 11—part of M. adductor mandibulae internus, Edgeworth, 1935:58, figs. 605c and 607—part of M. pterygoideus anterior, Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, figs. 2 and 3.

M. pterygoideus dorsalis: part of Mm. pterygoidei, Gadow, 1891:323-325, table 26, fig. 7 and table 27, figs. 1 and 3—part of M. pterygoideus internus, Shufeldt, 1890:20—part of M. adductor mandibulae internus, Edgeworth, 1935:58, fig. 605c—? part of M. pterygoideus anterior, Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, figs. 2 and 3.

M. adductor mandibulae externus: a) pars superficialis: parts 1 and 2 of M. temporalis, Gadow, 1891:320-321—part of M. temporal, Shufeldt, 1890:16, figs. 5 and 7—part of M. adductor mandibulae externus, Edgeworth, 1935:58-60—M. capiti-mandibularis medius and profundus, Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, fig. 1.

b) pars medialis: ? parts 1, 2 and 3 of M. temporalis, Gadow, 1891:320-322—part of M. masseter and ? part of M. temporal, Shufeldt, 1890:16-18, figs. 5, 6, 7 and 11—part of M. adductor mandibulae externus, Edgeworth, 1935:58-60—M. capiti-mandibularis superficialis, first part, Adams, 1919:100-101, pl. 8, fig. 1.

c) pars profundus: part 2 of M. temporalis, Gadow, 1891:321, table 27, fig. 2—part of M. temporal and ? part of M. masseter, Shufeldt, 1890:16-18—part of M. adductor mandibulae externus, Edgeworth, 1935:58-60—? part of M. capiti-mandibularis medius and all of pars superficialis, second part, Adams, 1919:100-101.

M. pseudotemporalis profundus: M. quadrato-maxillaris, Gadow, 1891:322-323—M. pterygoideus externus, Shufeldt, 1890:20-21, figs. 3, 5 and 11—part of M. adductor mandibulae medius, Edgeworth, 1935:58-59—? part of M. pterygoideus posterior, Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, figs. 2 and 3.

M. protractor pterygoidei: part 4b of M. temporalis, Gadow, 1891: 322-323, table 27, fig. 4—part of M. entotympanious, Shufeldt, 1890:19-20, figs. 3 and 11—part of M. spheno-pterygo-quadratus, Edgeworth, 1935:57.

M. depressor mandibulae: M. digastricus s. depressor mandibulae, Gadow, 1891:318-319—M. biventer maxillae, Shufeldt, 1890:18-19, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 11.