The first Eleven Chapters of this Work are from the pen of the late Mr. Edmund Ollier, to whom the Publishers originally entrusted the commission to write it—a commission which he was compelled to resign by the illness which terminated in his lamented death.
CONTENTS.
| [CHAPTER I] EARLY YEARS OF THE PRINCESS VICTORIA. | |
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| A Remarkable Visit to Kensington Palace—Death of King William IV.—Details of his Last Days—ParliamentaryEulogies on his Character—Progress in the Last Half-Century—Ancestry of Queen Victoria—HerDescent Traced to Odoacer, King of Italy—Saxon Ancestors of her Majesty—Liberal Views of theDuke of Kent, Father of the Queen—State of the Succession after the Death of the Princess Charlotte—Marriageof the Duke of Kent, and Birth of the Princess Victoria—Christening at Kensington Palace—TheName “Victoria,” and its Associations—Death of the Duke of Kent—Kensington Palace in theSeventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries—Early Training of Victoria by her Mother—Child-Life of thePrincess—False Rumours of Ill-Health—Anecdotes of Juvenile Years—The Princess and George IV.—Accessionof William IV.—The Regency Bill—Prince Leopold and the Throne of Belgium—Studies ofthe Princess—Her Life of Retirement—Home Tours in Various Parts of England—Visit to the CottonMills of the Messrs. Strutt at Belper—Reception at Oxford and at Southampton—Benevolence to anActress—Her Royal Highness Declared of Age on the 24th of May, 1837 | [1] |
| [CHAPTER II] EARLY EVENTS OF THE NEW REIGN. | |
| First Council of the Queen—Her Address to the Assembled Dignitaries—Admirable Demeanour of theYoung Sovereign—Proclamation of Queen Victoria—Condition of the Empire at the Time of herAccession—Character of Lord Melbourne, the Prime Minister—His Training of the Queen in ConstitutionalPrinciples—Question of the Royal Prerogative and the Choosing of the Ministry—Removal of theQueen to Buckingham Palace—First Levee—Her Majesty’s Speech on the Dissolution of Parliament—Ameliorationof the Criminal Laws—Results of the General Election—Meeting of the New Legislature—TheCivil List Fixed—Relations of the Queen towards the Duchess of Kent—Daily Life of her Majesty—RoyalVisit to the City—Insurrection in the Two Canadas—Measures of the Government, and Suppressionof the Revolt—The Melbourne Administration and Lord Durham—Reform of the CanadianConstitution | [19] |
| [CHAPTER III] THE DIFFICULTIES OF A YOUNG SOVEREIGN. | |
| Decline in the Popularity of the Queen—Its Causes—Her Majesty Accused of Encouraging the Papists—AllegedDesign to Assassinate the Monarch—Disloyal Toryism—Honourable Conduct of the Queen—FatalRiots at Canterbury, owing to the Pretensions of John Nicholls Thom—Preparations for theCoronation—The Ceremony at Westminster Abbey—Incidents of the Day—Mismanagement at Coronations—Developmentof Steam Navigation and the Railway System—Prorogation of Parliament inAugust, 1838—Difficult Position of the Government—Rise of Chartism—Appearance of Mr. Gladstoneand Mr. Disraeli in the Political Arena—Failure of Mr. Disraeli’s First Speech—“Conservatives” and“Liberals”—Capture of Aden, in Southern Arabia—Wars with China, owing to the Smuggling of Opiuminto that Country by the Anglo-Indians—Troubles in Jamaica—Bill for Suspending the Constitution—Defeatand Resignation of the Melbourne Government—Ineffectual Attempt of Sir Robert Peel toForm a Cabinet—The Question of the Bedchamber Women—Reinstatement of the Melbourne Administration | [35] |
| [CHAPTER IV] COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE. | |
| English Chartism in the Summer of 1839—Riots in Birmingham—Principal Leaders of the Chartist Party—Excessesof the Artisans in Various Parts of Great Britain and Ireland—Chartist Rising at Newport,Monmouthshire—Conviction of Frost, Williams, and Jones—The Queen and Prince Albert—EarlyLife of the Prince—His Engaging Qualities—Desire of King Leopold to Effect a Matrimonial Engagementbetween Prince Albert and the Princess Victoria—First Visit of the Former to England—HisStudies in Germany—Informal Understanding between Prince Albert and Queen Victoria—Difficultiesof the Case—The Prince’s View of the Matter in the Autumn of 1839—Second Visit to England, andFormal Betrothal—Letter of Baron Stockmar on the Subject—Announcement of the Royal Marriage tothe Privy Council and to Parliament—The Appointment of the Prince’s Household—Subjects of Difficultyand Dissension—Question of the Prince’s Religion—Reduction of his Annuity by a Vote of the Houseof Commons—Progress from Gotha to England, and Reception at Buckingham Palace—Marriage ofPrince Albert to the Queen at the Chapel Royal, St. James’s | [57] |
| [CHAPTER V] THE FIRST YEAR OF MARRIED LIFE. | |
| Difficulties of the Early Married Life of Prince Albert—His Unpopularity in Certain Quarters—Attemptto Suppress Duelling in the Army—Position of the Prince in the Royal Household—Want of Supervisionin the Management of the Palace—Introduction of Reforms, on the Initiative of Prince Albert—DutiesAssumed by the Prince—Domestic Life—Post Office Reform—Defective State of the Serviceprevious to 1840—Rowland Hill and the Penny Post—Opposition to the New Scheme—Introduction ofthe Lower Rate of Postage—General Features and Effects of the Change—Measure for the Protectionof Children Employed in Chimney-Sweeping—Attempt of Edward Oxford to Shoot the Queen—Appointmentof Prince Albert as Regent under certain Eventualities—Life and Studies at Windsor—Birthof the Princess Royal—Devotion of the Prince to her Majesty—Christmas at Windsor (1840)—Christeningof the Princess—Accident to Prince Albert—The Eastern Question: Turkey and Egypt—Removalof the Body of Napoleon I. from St. Helena to Paris—Rise and Development of the Agitationfor Free Trade | [71] |
| [CHAPTER VI] TROUBLES IN THE STATE, AND HAPPINESS AT HOME. PAGE | |
| Growing Unpopularity of the Melbourne Administration—The Stockdale Case—Approaching Fall of theGovernment—Financial Embarrassments—Lord John Russell’s Proposal with respect to the Corn Laws—Defeatof the Ministry—General Election, and Conservative Majority—Views of Prince Albert—Settlementof the “Bedchamber” Question—Wise Counsel of the Prince and Baron Stockmar—Visitsof the Queen to Places of Interest—Troublesome Loyalty—Launch of the Trafalgar—The MelbourneGovernment and Free Trade—Speech from the Throne on the Meeting of the New Parliament—Voteof Want of Confidence in the Government—Resignation of Ministers—Final Years of Lord Melbourne—Formationand Chief Objects of Sir Robert Peels Administration—The High Church Movement inEngland—Disruption of the Church of Scotland—Lord Melbourne’s Opinion of Prince Albert—Sir RobertPeel and the Prince—Public Appearances of the Latter in Connection with Social and Artistic Questions—Birthand Christening of the Prince of Wales—Meeting of Parliament for the Session of 1842—SplendidFestivities at Court—Attempts of Francis and Bean to Shoot her Majesty | [89] |
| [CHAPTER VII] CONVULSIONS IN THE EAST. | |
| Approaches to a Great Tragedy—State of Afghanistan—Position of Dost Mahomed in 1836—Mission ofCaptain Burnes to Cabul in 1837—Afghanistan, England, and Russia—Determination of the Governor-Generalof India to Restore Shah Soojah to the Afghan Throne—Garbling of Burnes’s Despatches—Actionof the Anglo-Indian Government against the Russians before Herat—British Invasion ofAfghanistan in 1839—Difficulties, Dangers, and Successes of the Campaign—Cold Reception of ShahSoojah at Cabul—Operations in the Khyber Pass—Outbreak of Insurrections against the RestoredPower—Actions with the British—Surrender of Dost Mahomed—Increased Turmoil among the Afghans—Massacreof November 2nd, 1841—Imbecility of General Elphinstone—Murder of Sir William Macnaghten—Agreementbetween the British Authorities and Akbar Khan—Retreat of the Army of Occupation—Horrorsof the March, and Complete Destruction of the Army—Defence of Jelalabad by SirRobert Sale—Operations of Generals Nott, Pollock, and Sale—Capture of Cabul—Release of the Prisoners,and Close of the War—Lord Ellenborough and the Gates of Somnauth—Murder of Stoddart and Conollyin Bokhara—Disturbed State of England in 1842—The Queen’s First Visit to Scotland—Receipt of GoodNews from the East—Position of Prince Albert towards the State—Discretion of his Private Life—Extentof his Labours—Colonisation in New Zealand and New South Wales | [111] |
| [CHAPTER VIII] THE ADMINISTRATION OF SIR ROBERT PEEL. | |
| Renewed Popularity of the Queen—Services of Prince Albert—A Volunteer Poet Laureate—Birth of thePrincess Alice—The Whig Deficit, and how Sir Robert Peel Dealt with It—The Income Tax, and Reductionof Duties—The Sliding Scale—Advance of Free Trade Principles—Assassination of Mr. Drummond—TheQuestion of Criminal Insanity—Sir Robert Peel and Mr. Cobden—Disturbances in SouthWales: “Rebecca” and her Daughters—Condition of Women in Mines and Collieries—Lord Ashleyand the Factories Act—Opinion of the Queen and Prince Albert on the Qualities of Sir Robert Peel—Leveesheld by the Prince—The Frescoes for the Houses of Parliament—Encouragement of Fresco-Paintingby the Queen and Prince Albert—The Summer House in the Gardens of Buckingham Palace—Visitof her Majesty and the Prince to Louis Philippe at the Château d’Eu—The Duke of Wellingtonon the Necessity for a Council of Regency—Designs of France on the Succession to the Spanish Throne—DishonestEngagement of the French King—English Opinion completely Misled—Royal Visits toBelgium, to Cambridge, and to the Midlands—The Prince as a Fox-hunter—Model Farming—Events inIndia: Wars in Scinde and Gwalior | [131] |
| [CHAPTER IX] IRELAND, RUSSIA, AND FRANCE. | |
| O’Connell and the Agitation for Repeal of the Union—Early Life of the Agitator—Character of his Oratory—Questionas to the Purity of his Motives—The “Repeal Year” (1843)—Methods by which O’Connellworked on Irish Opinion—Open-air Gatherings on the Repeal Question—Extravagant Speeches ofO’Connell—Crowning of the Liberator on the Hill of Tara—Prohibition of a Proposed Meeting at Clontarf—Arrestof the Chief Agitators—Trial, Condemnation, and Sentences—The Convictions Annulled by theHouse of Lords—Release of O’Connell, and Final Years of his Life—Effect of the Prosecution on theGovernment of Sir Robert Peel—Death of Prince Albert’s Father—Visit of the Prince to Saxe-Coburg-Gotha—HisPresents to the Queen on her Birthday (1844)—Visits of the King of Saxony and theEmperor of Russia to England—Appearance and Manners of the Emperor—Political Objects of Nicholasin Visiting London—His Designs on Turkey—Memorandum of Agreement between the Czar and theEnglish Government—Jealousy on the Part of the French—Ministerial Crisis in the Summer of 1844—SirJames Graham and the Opening of Letters at the Post Office—Disagreement with France withRespect to the Island of Tahiti—The Pritchard Affair—Queen Pomare and Queen Victoria—Anxietiesof the English Court as to the Maintenance of Peace—The Ashburton Treaty with the United States | [151] |
| [CHAPTER X] DAYS OF PEACEFUL DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS. | |
| Visit of the Prince of Prussia to England—Christening of Prince Alfred at Windsor Castle—Second Visit tothe Highlands in the Autumn of 1844—Louis Philippe in England—His Reception at Windsor—Interchangeof Courtesies between English and French Officers—Opening of the New Royal Exchange bythe Queen—Letters of her Majesty and Prince Albert on the Occasion—Scientific Progress: the ElectricTelegraph, Photography, Lord Rosse’s Telescope, the Thames Tunnel, and Arctic Exploration—TractarianDifficulties in the Church—Purchase of Osborne by the Queen—Visits of her Majesty and thePrince to Stowe and Strathfieldsaye—Opening of Parliament by the Queen (Feb. 4th, 1845)—FinancialStatement of Sir Robert Peel—Reduction and Abolition of Duties—Acrimonious Debates on the ProposedQueen’s Colleges in Ireland, and the Increase of the Maynooth Grant—Retirement of Mr.Gladstone from the Ministry—Admission of Jews to Municipal Offices—Results of Sir Robert Peel’sFinancial Policy—Economy in the Royal Household—Project for Making Prince Albert King Consort—TheChief Command of the Army | [170] |
| [CHAPTER XI] ENGLAND IN 1845. | |
| Borneo and Sir James Brooke—Cession of Labuan to Great Britain—“Constitutionalism” in the SandwichIslands—State of the Colonies—Unsuccessful Attack on Madagascar—Commencement of theOverland Route to India—Decline in the Popularity of Sir Robert Peel—Rise of Mr. Disraeli and the“Young England” Party—Generous Support of Peel by the Queen and Prince Albert—Offer of theGarter to Sir Robert, which he Declines—Position of the Premier towards the Aristocracy—IncreasingWeakness of the Government—Dangerous State of Ireland—Prince Albert on the Political Situation—Visitof the Queen to Belgium and Prussia—Splendid Reception in the latter Country—Speech ofthe King of Prussia at Bonn—The Illuminations at Cologne—Prince Albert and Baron von Humboldt—Receptionof the Royal Visitors in Bavaria, at Coburg, and at Gotha—The Queen at the NativePlace of her Husband—Excursion to the Thuringian Forest—Other Incidents of the German Visit—SecondVisit of the Queen and Prince Albert to Louis Philippe at the Château d’Eu—Duplicity of theKing—Return of the Royal Party to England—Spread of Railway Enterprise in Great Britain—TheRailway Mania and Panic of 1845-6—Increasing Strength of the Free Trade Movement—The PotatoDisease in Ireland—Threatenings of Famine—Sir Robert Peel and Free Trade—Letter of Lord JohnRussell to the Electors of the City of London—Ministerial Crisis—Return of Sir Robert Peel to Power | [187] |
| [CHAPTER XII] THE MINISTRY OF RENUNCIATION. | |
| The Times Reveals a Secret of State—Mr. Sidney Herbert and Mrs. Norton and the Times—A CourtScandal—Peel’s Resignation—Lord John Russell’s Failure to Form a Ministry—Peel Resumes Office—TheMinistry and the Queen—The Duke of Wellington and Peel—Disintegration of the Tory Party—Croker’sCorrespondence with Wellington—Peel’s Instructions to the Quarterly Review—A BetrayedEditor—Peel and the Princess Lieven—Guizot’s Defence of Peel—The Queen’s Conduct in the GreatCrisis—How she Strengthened the Position of the Crown—Her Popular Sympathies—Why Peel Changedhis Policy—The Potato Rot—Impending Famine—Distress in England—The Campaign of the FreeTraders—Scenes at their Meetings—The Protectionist Agitation and the Agricultural Labourers—Sufferingsof the Poor—The Duke of Norfolk’s Curry Powder—Meeting at Wootton Bassett—The Queenand the Sufferers | [205] |
| [CHAPTER XIII] THE FREE TRADE PARLIAMENT. | |
| Opening of Parliament in 1846—The Queen’s Speech—The Debate on the Address—Sir Robert Peel’s Statement—Mr.Disraeli’s Philippics—Bishop Wilberforce on Peel’s Reception by the House of Commons—Peel’sMistake—Lord George Bentinck’s Attack on Prince Albert—The Queen’s Explanations—TheCourt and the Peelites—The Corn Bill in the House of Lords—Lord Stanley’s Political Dinner-Party—TheDuke of Wellington and the Peers—Triumph in the Lords and Defeat in the Commons—Peel’sCoercion Bill for Ireland—A Factious Opposition—Fall of the Government—Their Policy inIndia—War in the Punjab—Victories over the Sikhs—The Oregon Controversy and its Settlement—LordAberdeen’s Adroit Diplomacy—Resignation of the Ministry—The Queen’s Farewell to Peel—HerSuggestion of a Coalition—Wellington and Cobden Advise Peel to Dissolve—Reasons for his Refusal—TheQueen and the Duke of Wellington—The Duke’s Letter to Lord John Russell—Lyndhurst andReconstruction—Disintegration of the Tory Party—The Peelites in Opposition—A Hint from Aristophanes—ToryPersecution of Peel | [220] |
| [CHAPTER XIV] THE FIRST RUSSELL ADMINISTRATION. | |
| The Transfer of Ministerial Offices—The Whigs Patronise Mr. Cobden—A Radical in the New Cabinet—ThePeelites Refuse to Take Office—Lord Campbell as Chancellor of the Duchy—Anecdote of hisInstallation—Lord John Russell’s Deportment to the Queen—His Modest Programme—The Abolitionof the Sugar Duties—Bishop Wilberforce and Slave-grown Sugar—Outrages in Ireland—The Whigsbecome Coercionists—Their Arms Act—Mutiny among Ministerialists—The Bill Dropped—The AlternativePolicy—Relief Works for Ireland—A Military Scandal—Indiscretion in the Country—Abuse ofCorporal Punishment in the Army—“The Cat” in the House of Commons—The Queen’s Views onMilitary Punishment—The Queen and a Deserter’s Death-Warrant—Captain Layard’s Motion—TheDuke of Wellington’s Interference—Restrictions on the Use of the Lash—England and the Colonies—Canadaand Free Trade—Nova Scotia and the Potato Famine—The Halifax, Quebec, and MontrealRailway—The New Zealand War—The Caffre War—The Expedition to Borneo—End of the Anglo-ChineseDifficulty—The “Spanish Marriages” and the Treaty of Utrecht—Louis Philippe’s Intrigueswith the Queen Dowager Christina—Secret History of the Conspiracy—M. Guizot’s Pretext—How theEnglish Minister at Madrid was Deceived—Lord Palmerston’s Indiscreet Despatch—The Queen’sCutting Letter to the Queen Marie Amélie—Metternich’s Caustic Epigram—Prince Albert’s Resentmentagainst the King of the French—End of the Anglo French Alliance—Fall of the Republic ofCracow | [244] |
| [CHAPTER XV] HOME LIFE AND SOCIAL EVENTS IN 1846. | |
| Prince Albert and the Home Farm—Royalty and the Windsor Vestry—The New Home at Osborne—TheBirth of the Princess Helena—The Visit of Ibrahim Pasha—A Royal Christening—The Queen’s Loneliness—Visitorsat Osborne—A Cruise in Summer Seas—The “Lop” of the Channel—In the ChannelIslands—The Duke of Cornwall in his Duchy—Exploring the South Coast—The Queen Acts as theFamily Tutor—Her Majesty among the Iron-miners—The House-warming at Osborne—Baron Stockmar’sImpressions of the Queen—Some German Visitors—A Dinner-Party at Windsor—The Baroness Bunsen’sPicture of the Scene—The Royal Visits to Hatfield and Arundel—Social Movements in 1846—Originof Secularism—Dr. Hook’s Pamphlet on Education—The Triumphs of Science—Faraday’s Researches—TheUse of Ether in Surgery—Laying of the First Submarine Cable at Portsmouth—Evil Tidings fromStarving Ireland | [259] |
| [CHAPTER XVI] A DISTRESSFUL COUNTRY. | |
| The Irish Crisis—Famine and Free Trade—Evictions and Imports—Fiscal Policy and Small Holdings—ShockingScenes among the Irish People—The Mistake of the Government—Lord John Russell’sRelief Measure Rejected by his Colleagues—An Autumnal Cabinet Meeting—Opening of Parliament—TheQueen and the Distress—The Remedial Measures of the Government—Rival Schemes of the Protectionists—LordGeorge Bentinck’s Railway Subsidies Bill—A Rival Ministerial Scheme—The Attackon the Bank Act of 1844—The Currency Controversy—Peel on a Convertible Currency—The Effect ofthe Railway Mania—Blaming the Bank—The Education Question—Opposition of Dissenters—Colonisationand Emigration—Lord Lincoln’s Motion—Is Emigration a Remedy for a Redundant Population?—TheCabinet and the Ten Hours Bill—Mr. Fielden’s Victory—Opposition of Manufacturers—Evadingthe Act—The Budget—The Queen and the Duchy of Lancaster—Lord Campbell and the Queen—AFamous Duchy Dinner—Privy Councillors at “High Jinks”—Death of Lord Bessborough—Lord ClarendonAppointed Irish Viceroy—Death of O’Connell—Growing Weakness of the Cabinet—Prorogation of Parliament—Dissolution—TheGeneral Election—The State of Parties—Appalling Outrages in Ireland—AnotherCommercial Panic—Suspension of the Bank Act—The Queen and Sir Robert Peel—ParliamentSummoned—A Coercion Bill for Ireland—Ireland and the Vatican—Lord Palmerston’s Correspondencewith Lord Minto—Denunciations of the Queen’s Colleges—Projected Renewal of Diplomatic Relationswith Rome—Lord Palmerston’s Objections—The Jews in Parliament—New Bishops—The Hampden Controversy—BaffledHeresy-hunters | [272] |
| [CHAPTER XVII] THE COURT AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS. | |
| Lord George Bentinck’s Imprudence—French Intrigues in Portugal—England and the Junta—A VulgarSuspicion—The Duke of Wellington and National Defences—The Duke’s Threatened Resignation—TheQueen Soothes Him—Famine in the Queen’s Kitchen—Royal Hospitalities—The Queen’s CountryDance—A German Impostor—Discovery of Chloroform—The Royal Visit to Cambridge—Prince Albert’sInstallation as Chancellor of the University—Awkward Dons—Anecdotes of the Queen at Cambridge—Royaltyand Heraldry—The Visit to Scotland—Highland Loyalty—A Desolate Retreat—Politics andSport at Ardverikie—A New Departure in Foreign Policy—Lord Minto’s Mission—The Queen’s Views—PrinceAlbert’s Caution to Lord John Russell—The Queen’s Amusements at Ardverikie—A RegretfulAdieu—Home Again | [301] |
| [CHAPTER XVIII] REVOLUTION. | |
| At Osborne—Beginnings of Revolution—The Reform Banquets in Paris—Lola Montes and the King ofBavaria—Downfall of Louis Philippe’s Government—Flight of the King—Establishment of the SecondRepublic—The Queen and the Orleans Family—The Chartist Movement—Its Secret History—Its Leaders—TheQueen Retreats to Osborne—The Chartist Meeting at Kennington—London in Terror—The Duke ofWellington’s Precautions—Abortive Risings at Bonner’s Fields and in Seven Dials—Riots in the LargeTowns—Collapse of Chartism—Ireland and the “Young Irelanders”—The Rebellion of “’48”—The Battleof the Cabbage Garden—Arrest of Smith O’Brien and the “Young Ireland” Leaders—Austria andPrussia in Anarchy—Flight of Metternich—The Berlin Mob and the King—Anxiety of the EnglishCourt—The Queen’s Correspondence with her Half-Sister—The Anglo-Spanish Quarrel—Sir H. BulwerExpelled from Madrid—The Queen’s Indignation at Lord Palmerston—Conversation between theQueen and Lord John Russell—Palmerston’s Victory—The “Three Budget” Session—The Anti-Income-TaxAgitation—Blundering in Finance—“Scenes” in Parliament—Irish and Colonial Controversies—TheEncumbered Estates Act—Repressive Legislation—Dawn of the Reform Agitation | [322] |
| [CHAPTER XIX] AT WORK AND PLAY. | |
| The Queen’s Administrative Work—The Condition-of-England Question—The Court and the Working Classes—RoyalPlans for Ameliorating the Lot of Labour—Threatened Attacks on the Queen—The DemagoguesAbashed—A Royal-Hearted Speech—The Queen’s Private Correspondence—A Pension Fund for theWorking Classes—Pauperism among Domestic Servants—Prince Albert’s Relief Plan—The Court atOsborne—Birth and Christening of the Princess Louise—Removal to Balmoral—The Queen at Kirk—ARoyal Geologist—Sir Charles Lyell’s Anecdotes of the Royal Family—An Accident in the Solent—PrinceAlbert as a University Reformer—Death of Lord Melbourne and Lord George Bentinck | [357] |
| [CHAPTER XX] DISCONTENTED DEPENDENCIES. | |
| Reaction in England in 1849—Attacks in Parliament on the Queen’s Speech—Gagging Parliament—The LastDying Struggle of the Protectionists—Repeal of the Navigation Laws—The Tory Attack on the Bishops—ProtectionistPlans for Reducing Local Taxation—Coercion for Ireland—Peel’s Generosity to theWhigs Explained—Irish Mendicity and English Grants in Aid—A Policy of Pauperism and Doles—SmallMinds in a Great Crisis—Peel’s Comprehensive Plan for Relieving Ireland—The Break-down of the PoorLaw—The Queen and the Irish Landlords—Prince Albert’s Project for Reforming the Irish PoorRate—Scandals at the Colonial Office—Ceylon—Demerara and Canada—The Loyal Rebels of Canada—Riotsin Montreal—Attacks on Lord Elgin—An Examination and Defence of his Policy—The Test ofResults—“Be Just and Fear Not” | [371] |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
