Phonology.

I. Alphabet.

Vowels: a, e, i, o, u.

Consonants: k, g; t, d; p, b, f, v; m, n; r, l; s; y.

The vowels are pronounced as in Italian, the consonants as in English. The sound of the Italian c is also found, but is rare.

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between o and u. Ex. ombo(le) or umbo(le), belly.

G, b, and d, are often preceded by a nasal, sometimes constant (and then marked in the vocabulary), sometimes variable according to the pronunciation of individuals. For the nasals m is employed before p and b, and n before other consonants.

The i and y are very difficult to distinguish, especially when they follow one another. Ex. iye or ye, or ie, tree; iangolo or yangolo, ear. Father Egidi wrote j for y.

The l and r are very difficult to determine. Ex. aliete or ariete, to salute; naul’i and naur’i, my eye. In the vocabulary l is used generally.

The s is often ts. Ex. tsivu and sivu; su(le) and tsu(le grass. Also in the future suffix t or ts. Ex. nati or natsi, I will eat.