Motor-car principles; the gasoline automobile - Roger B. Whitman

[2] Dry in oven, and coat with shellac.

[3] Plunge in hot water to expel gasoline and to locate leak. Repair with solder.

[4] May be cleared with blast from foot pump.

INDEX

Adjusting screw for vibrator, [103].
Advance of ignition, [13].
Advancing ignition by moving timer, [101].
too far, [13].
Air cooling, [34].
requisites for, [35].
Air inlet, auxiliary, adjustment of, [231].
Air intake trouble, [197].
Amperes, [77].
Antifreezing mixture, [200].
Antiskid devices, use of, [174].
Armature of generator, [88], [256].
Assembling springs, [229].
Automatic carburetor, [58].
Automatic valve, [25].
action of, [26].
adjustment of, [233].
spring of, [27].
Auxiliary air, necessity for, [56].
Auxiliary air inlet, action of, [57].
adjustment of, [231].
Axle, dead rear, [152].
live rear, [146].
necessity for fixed front, [162].
rear, floating, [148].
sprung, effect of, [148].
Back pressure, [18].
Backfiring, causes of, [218].
Balance of engines, [37].
Band brake, [167].
Battery, causes of trouble in, [182].
cross-connected, [182].
nearly exhausted, [183].
recuperation of, [183].
weak, effect of, [213].
Battery connections, [84].
Bearings, tight, effect of, [210].
tight, testing for, [221].
Bevel gears, necessity for, [142].
Bosch magnetos, [301], [308], [317], [323].
Brake, motor as, [170].
Brake equalizer, [172].
Brakes, [167].
emergency and running, [169].
tight, effect of, [210].
testing for, [221].
Broken wire, [181].
Bus bar, [204].
Cam, [26].
action of, [26].
parts of, [26].
worn, effect of, [235].
Cam shaft, [28].
Carbon deposit from burned oil, [31].
Carburetion, [52].
Carburetor, action of, [55].
adjustment of, [231].
automatic, [58].
cleaning of, [196].
dirt and water in, [195].
effect of varying speed on, [56].
float feed, [53].
flooding of, [195].
mechanically controlled, [58].
necessity for, [53].
necessity for auxiliary air in, [56].
parts of, [53].
principle of, [53].
surface, [64].
testing of, [207].
trouble in, causes of, [195].
types of, [58].
with central mixing chamber, [61].
with side mixing chamber, [60].
Carburetor adjustments, [58].
Chains, care of, [225].
cleaning and lubricating of, [225].
driving, adjusting of, [225].
Change speed mechanism, friction type of, [141].
individual clutch type of, [138].
necessity for, [119].
planetary type of, [132].
sliding gear type of, [120].
Changing gear, principle of, [125].
Charging of storage battery, [82].
Check and relief valves, [72].
Chemical generators, [80].
Circuit breaker, magneto, [286].
Circuit, jump spark system, [108].
primary, testing of, [206].
primary and secondary, [109].
parts of, [97].
secondary, testing of, [212].
Circulation, failures of, [199].
Circulation connections, troubles of, [199].
Circulation of water, forced and gravity, [32].
Classes of gasoline engines, [5].
Cleaning, use of kerosene for, [224].
Cleaning carburetor, [196].
chains, [225].
combustion space, [223].
crank case, [224].
differential, [224].
gear case, [224].
lubricator pipes, [202].
spark plug, [187].
tires, [222].
Clearance, [17].
Closing of exhaust valve, [17].
of inlet valve, [8].
Clutch, action of, [113].
friction cone, [113].
internal expanding, [118].
multiple disk, [114].
parts of, [116].
necessity for, [112].
reversed friction cone, [114].
slipping of, effect of, [210].
withdrawing of, when changing gear, [113].
Coil trouble, causes of, [186].
Coils, matching of, to cylinders, [230].
testing of, [206].
Cold, effect of, on starting engine, [209].
Combustion, pressure from, [4].
Combustion and explosion, [4].
Combustion space, [8].
carbonized, effect of, [215].
cleaning of, [223].
Commutator, [97].
Compensating gear (see Differential).
Compression, during exhaust
stroke, [16].
effect of, [10].
on spark, [188].
necessity for, [10].
Compression leaks, [197].
testing for, [211].
Compression limit, [14].
Compression trouble, causes of, [197].
Compression-combustion stroke, [8].
Condenser, action of, [109].
Conductors and insulators, [76].
Cone clutch, friction, [113].
Connecting rod, [23].
Connections, battery, [84].
loose, effect of, [212], [213].
making, [180].
of secondary distributer, [111].
Construction of bevel gear differential, [153].
of primary induction coil, [93].
of secondary induction coil, [96].
of spark plug, [107].
of spur gear differential, [157].
of switch, [89].
Contracting brake, [167].
Control of steering, [164].
Coolers, [32].
Cooling, air, [34].
requisites for, [35].
failure in, effect of, [215].
water, [31].
Cooling cylinder, necessity for, [30].
Cooling system freezing, [200].
Cooling systems, [31].
Cooling trouble, causes of, [199].
Cooling water, flow of, [31].
Corrosion, effect of, [181].
Crank case, cleaning of, [224].
depth of oil in, [224].
Crank pin, [23].
Crank shaft, [20].
four-cylinder engine, [43].
180°-, effect of, [39].
360°-, effect of, [41].
Crank shaft points, [22].
Crank shaft throws, [38].
Cranks, relative positions of, [22].
Current, flow of, [75].
induced, [94].
secondary, [97].
Cycle, [4].
events of, [6].
strokes of, [6].
Cylinder, [25].
faulty, testing for, [212].
matching coils, to, [230].
necessity for cooling, [30].
Cylinder head, [5].
Defects of surface carburetors, [64].
Deposit from burned oil, [31].
Differential, bevel gear, construction of, [153].
cleaning of, [224].
location of, [158].
necessity for, [152].
operation of, [165].
spur gear, construction of, [157].
Direct drive, [124].
Disk, valve, [25].
Disk clutch, [114].
Distance rods, necessity for, [176].
Distributer, causes of trouble in, [192].
secondary, [110].
Double-acting brake, [167].
Double-chain drive, [150].
Double-opposed engine, [38].
Drag link, [162].
bent, effect of, [228].
Drive, double chain, [150].
driving shaft, [144].
final, [142].
propeller or driving shaft, [144].
single chain, [142].
Drives, advantages of different types of, [158].
Driving chains, adjusting of, [225].
Driving gear ratios, [159].
Dry cells, [80].
voltage of, [81].
Dynamo, action of, [88].
Eisemann system, [283] et seq.
Electric current, generation of, by magnetism, [87], [254].
production of, [80].
Electrical measurements, [77].
Electrolyte, [82].
Electro-magnet, [87], [253].
Emergency brake, [169].
Engine, care of, [223].
distinction between two-cycle and four-cycle, [5].
effect of cold on starting, [209].
failure of, to deliver full
power, [209].
to start, [208].
four-cycle, [5].
missing of, at high speed, [213].
parts of, [20].
starting, then stopping of, [214].
stopping of, [216].
timing of, [232].
two-cycle, [47].
two-cycle, action of, [49].
vibration of, [37].
Engine as a brake, [170].
Engine balance, [37].
four-cylinder, [41], [43].
H. D. O., [38].
three- and six-cylinder, [44].
two-cylinder, [38].
Engine types, advantages and disadvantages of, [45].
Epicyclic gears (see Planetary).
Equalizer, brake, [172].
Events of cycle, [6].
Exhaust stroke, [16].
compression during, [16].
Exhaust valve, closing of, [17].
opening of, [15].
Expanding brake, [167].
Expanding clutch, [118].
Explosion and combustion, [4].
Explosions, missing, [211].
weak, [210].
Field, magnetic, [88], [251].
of generator, [88].
Final drive, [142].
Firing order, [44].
Float, punctured, [196].
Float and float chamber, carburetor, [53].
Float feed carburetor, [53].
Floating rear axle, [148].
Flow of cooling water, [31].
of current, [75].
of electricity, definition of, [79].
Fly wheel, necessity for, [8].
vibration absorbed by, [37].
weight of, [42].
Force circulation of water, [32].
Fouled spark plug, causes of, [187].
Four-cycle engine, [5].
Four-cylinder engine balance, [43].
Four-cylinder engine crank shaft, [43].
Four-cylinder engines, [43].
Freezing of water, [200].
Friction transmission, [141].
Gases, properties of, [1].
Gasoline, dirt and water in, [193].
separating water from, [193].
spraying, necessity for, [57].
Gasoline engine, action of, [4].
classes of, [5].
functions of (see Cycle).
not self-starting, [18].
power of, [18].
without reserve power, [19].
Gasoline feed pipe trouble, causes of, [195].
Gasoline feeds, gravity and pressure, [66].
Gasoline line, trap on, [73].
Gasoline strainer, [73].
Gasoline trouble, causes of, [193].
Gasoline vapor, [52].
Gear case, cleaning of, [224].
Gears, two-to-one, [28].
Generator field and armature, [88].
Generator terminals or poles, [75].
Generators of electric current, [81].
Governor-controlled carburetor, [62].
Gravity feed of gasoline, [66].
Gravity system of water cooling, [34].
Grinding valves, [226].
Grounding the return, [79].
the secondary circuit, [108].
the timer, [101].
Gudgeon pin (see Wrist Pin).
Half time shaft, [28].
Heat, [1].
excessive, result of, [30].
losses, [15].
produced through resistance, [77].
Horizontal double-opposed engine, [38].
Hydrometer, [83].
Igniter, [91], [268].
adjustment of, [276].
magnetic, [323].
Igniter bearing, [190].
Igniter contacts, [190].
Igniter points, setting, [189], [276].
Igniter tappet, [92].
spring of, strength of, [190].
Igniter trouble, causes of, [189].
Ignition, affected by improper mixture, [12].
affected by speed, [12].
necessity for, [8].
necessity for early, [11].
speed controlled by, [14].
too far advanced, [13].
too far retarded, [13].
Ignition advance, [13].
Ignition lead (see Necessity for Early Ignition).
Ignition retard, [13].
Ignition system, parts of, [75].
purpose of, [74].
Ignition systems, [91].
Ignition testing, [203].
Ignition timing, [192].
Ignition trouble, causes of, [179].
Ignition wiring, [236].
Imperfect combustion of mixture, [10].
Improper mixture, ignition affected by, [12].
Individual clutch, [138].
Induced current, [94], [254].
Induction and magnetism, [93], [254].
Inductor magnetos, [319].
Inflation of tires, [173].
Inlet pipe, [53].
Inlet stroke, [8].
Inlet valve, closing of, [8].
Inspection of car, [220].
Insulators, [76].
Interrupter points, smoothing, [295].
Irreversible steering mechanism, [165].
Jack shaft, [152].
Jackets, water, [31].
Joints universal, necessity for, [144].
Jump spark system, action of, [96].
circuit of, [108].
Jump spark trouble, location of, [205].
Jump spark wiring, [238].
Kerosene, use of, for cleaning, [224].
Knocks, [217].
Lead and return wires, [78].
Leaks of compression, [197].
Limit of compression, [14].
Lines of force, magnetic, [87], [251].
Live rear axle, [146].
Losses of heat, [15].
Low tension system, action of, [91], [270].
Lubrication, [34], [35].
of chains, [225].
of springs, [229].
Lubrication systems, [36].
Lubrication table, [244].
Lubrication troubles, [201].
Lubricator failure, effect of, [215].
Lubricator pipes, cleaning of, [202].
Magnetic field, [88], [251].
Magnetic lines of force, [87].
Magnetic make-and-break system, [323].
Magnetic vibrator, [103].
Magnetism, [86], [245].
electric current generated by, [87].
test for, [265].
Magnetism and induction, [93], [254].
Magneto, action of, [88], [95].
classification, [261].
drives, [263].
dual systems, [300], [316].
effect of changing speed, [262].
Eisemann, care of, [294].
high tension, four spark, [308].
interrupter, [286].
low tension, ignition by, [258].
wiring of, [272].
with secondary coil, [283].
parts, [256].
preserving magnetism of, [266].
principles, [255] et seq.
removing armature of, [183], [266].
Remy, [320].
retention of magnetism of, [184], [266].
safety spark gap, [289].
starting engine with, [263].
testing, [264].
Magneto setting, [185], [274], [306].
Magneto troubles, causes of, [183], [264].
Magnetos, Bosch, [301], [308], [317], [323].
high tension, care of, [305].
principles of, [297].
setting, [303].
high tension, troubles of, [306].
inductor type, [319].
magnetic make-and-break, [323].
Magnets, permanent and electro-, [87], [249], [253].
Maintenance and construction, [220].
Make-and-break ignition, action of, [91], [270].
Make-and-break trouble, location of, [206].
Make-and-break wiring, [240].
Measurements, electrical, [77].
Mechanical generator, action of, [86].
care of, [88], [89].
Mechanical vibrator, [103].
Mechanically-controlled carburetor, [58].
construction of, [62].
Mechanically operated valve, action of, [26].
Mixing chamber, carburetor, [53].
central, [60].
side, [60].
Mixture, imperfect combustion of, [10].
Muffler, necessity for, [30].
Muffler explosions, causes of, [219].
Multiple connection of battery, [85].
Multiple disk clutch, [114].
parts of, [116].
Necessity for auxiliary air in carburetor, [56].
for bevel gears, [142].
for carburetor, [53].
for change-speed mechanism, [119].
for clutch, [112].
for compression, [10].
for cooling cylinder, [30].
for differential, [152].
for distance or radius rods, [176].
for early ignition, [11].
for fixed-front axle, [162].
for fly wheel, [8].
for ignition, [8].
for muffler, [30].
for spraying the gasoline, [57].
for switch, [89].
for timer, [98].
for torsion rod, [148].
for universal joints, [144].
for valves, [8].
for vibrator, [102].
for withdrawing clutch when changing gear, [130].
Negative pole, [76].
Noises, [217].
Nonconductors, [76].
Ohms, [78].
Oil, burned, deposit from, [31].
depth of, in crank case, [224].
Opening of exhaust valve, [15].
Operation of differential, [155].
Overheating, [215].
Overheating, causes of, [199].
warning of, [216].
Parallel connection of battery, [85].
Parts of engine, [20].
of cam, [26].
of carburetor, [53].
of ignition system, [75].
of magneto, [256].
of multiple disk clutch, [116].
of primary circuit, [97].
of secondary circuit, [97].
Permanent magnet, [87].
Piston, [23].
stuck, [216].
Piston pin (see Wrist Pin).
Piston rings, [24].
care of, [223].
setting of, [198].
trouble of, [198].
Planetary gear action, [136].
Planetary type of change-speed mechanism, [132].
Points, crank shaft, [22].
Poles, positive and negative, [76].
Poles of generator, [75].
Ports of two-cycle engine, [47].
Positive pole, [76].
Power of gasoline engine, [18].
of steam engine, [18].
Power stroke, [15].
Preignition, causes of, [215].
Pressure circulation of water, [32].
Pressure feed of gasoline, [66].
Pressure from combustion, [4].
Primary circuit, [109].
parts of, [97].
testing of, [206].
Primary generators, [80].
Primary induction coil, use of, [93].
Production of electric current, [80].
Progressive type sliding gear, [121].
Propeller-shaft drive, [144].
Properties of gases, [1].
Protection of tires, [222].
Pumps, water, [32].
Purpose of ignition system, [74].
Push rod, [28].
Radiators, [32].
Radius rods, necessity for, [176].
Ratios, driving gear, [159].
Rear axle, dead, [152].
Reason for skidding, [174].
Recuperation of battery, [183].
Relative positions of cranks, [22].
Remy magneto, [320].
Renewing vibrator contacts, [186].
Replacing valve springs, [227].
Requisites for air cooling, [35].
Resistance, [76].
heat produced by, [77].
Retard of ignition, [13].
too far, [13].
Return, grounding the, [79].
Return wire, [78].
Reverse, action of, [125].
Reversible steering mechanism, [164].
Revolution and stroke, [5].
Rings, piston, [24].
Rod, radius, necessity for, [176].
torsion, necessity for, [148].
valve lifter, [28].
Running brake, [169].
Running gear, [161].
Seat, valve, [25].
Secondary cells, [80].
Secondary circuit, [109].
grounding of, [108].
parts of, [97].
testing of, [212].
Secondary current, [97].
Secondary distributer, [110], [287].
causes of trouble in, [192].
Secondary induction coil, use of, [96].
Secondary shaft, [28].
Selective type, advantages of, [129].
of sliding gear, [126].
Series connection of battery, [85].
Setting igniter points, [189].
Setting magneto, [185].
Setting piston rings, [198].
Shaft, cam, [28].
jack, [152].
Shock absorbers, [176].
Short circuit, definition of, [79].
causes of, [187].
Side chain drive, [150].
Silencer, [30].
Single-acting brake, [167].
Single chain drive, [142].
Six-cylinder engine balance, [44].
Skidding, reason for, [174].
Sliding gear, action of, [120].
progressive type of, [121].
selective type of, [126].
Spark, effect of compression on, [188].
Spark gap, size of, [188].
Spark plug, [106].
cleaning of, [189].
distance between points of, [188].
fouled, effect of, [212].
trouble in, causes of, [187].
Sparking in timer, [108].
Speed, control of, by ignition, [14].
effect of varying, on carburetor, [56].
excessive, results of, [19].
ignition affected by, [12].
Spray nozzle, carburetor, [55].
Spraying gasoline, necessity for, [57].
Springs, assembling, [229].
automatic valve, [27].
care of, [228].
lubrication of, [229].
vehicle, action of, [175].
Steam engine, action of, [2].
power of, [18].
Steering, [161].
control of, [164].
principle of, [163].
Steering arm, bent, effect of, [228].
Steering knuckles, [162].
Steering mechanism, care of, [227].
irreversible, [165].
reversible, [164].
Stem, valve, [25].
Storage battery, charging of, [82].
Storage cell, action of, [81].
terminals of, [83].
voltage of, [84].
Strainer, gasoline, [70].
Stratified mixture (see Imperfect Combustion of Mixture).
Stroke and revolution, [5].
Strokes of cycles, [6].
Sun and planet gears (see Planetary).
Surface carburetors, [64].
Switch, necessity for, [89].
Switch trouble, causes of, [193].
Systems, cooling, [31].
Tank, air-bound, [194].
Tank trouble, causes of, [194].
Tappet, igniter, [92].
spring of, [92].
strength of, [190].
Terminals of generator, [75].
of storage cells, [83].
Testing carburetor, [207].
coils, [206].
electrolyte, [83].
for compression leaks, [211].
for faulty cylinder, [212].
for tight bearings and brakes, [221].
ignition, [203].
Testing, make-and-break, [204].
primary circuit, [206].
secondary circuit, [212], [213].
Thermosiphon system of water cooling, [34].
Three-cylinder engine balance, [44].
Throttle, [62].
worn connections of, effect of, [232].
Throws, crank shaft, [38].
Timer, [97].
control rods of, effect of wear on, [191].
grounding of, [101].
loose on shaft, [191].
moving of, to advance ignition, [101].
necessity for, [98].
setting of, [192].
sparking in, [106].
trouble of, causes of, [191].
Timers, types of, [98].
Timing magneto, [185].
Tires, [172].
cleaning of, [222].
protection of, [222].
reducing the cutting of, [223].
unevenly worn, cause of, [228].
Torsion rod, necessity for, [148].
Transmission, parts of, [112].
Trap on gasoline line, [73].
Trembler (see Vibrator).
Trouble, air intake, [197].
battery, causes of, [182].
carburetor, causes of, [195].
circulation connections, [199].
coil, causes of, [186].
compression, causes of, [197].
cooling, causes of, [199].
engine failing to deliver full
power, [209].
engine failing to start, [208].
engine missing at high speed, [213].
engine starting, then stopping, [214].
engine stopping, [216].
freezing of water, [200].
gasoline, causes of, [193].
gasoline feed pipe, causes of, [195].
igniter, causes of, [189], [282].
ignition, causes of, [179].
location of, [203].
lubrication, [201].
magneto, Bosch, [296].
causes of, [183], [264], [306].
Eisemann, [295].
in general, [264].
low tension, [281].
missing explosions, [211].
noises, [217].
overheating, [215].
piston ring, [198].
secondary distributer, causes of, [192].
spark plug, causes of, [187].
switch, causes of, [193].
tank, causes of, [194].
timer, causes of, [191].
weak explosions, [210].
Two-cycle engine, [47],
action of, [49].
advantages and disadvantages of, [50].
efficiency of, [51].
Two-cylinder engine balance, [38].
Two-cylinder vertical engine, disadvantages of, [42].
Two-to-one gears, [28].
Types of carburetors, [58].
of timers, [98].
Universal joints, action of, [144].
necessity for, [144].
Use of antiskid devices, [174].
Valve, automatic, [25].
action of, [26].
adjustment of, [235].
spring of, [27].
check and relief, [68].
grinding of, [226].
leaking of, effect of, [213].
lifter rod of, [28].
mechanically operated, action of, [26].
parts of, [25].
setting of, [232].
spring of, replacing of, [227].
Valves, location of, [29].
necessity for, [8].
Vapor of gasoline, [52].
Vehicle springs, action of, [175].
Vibration absorbed by fly wheel, [37].
Vibration of engines, [37].
Vibrator, [103].
Vibrator, adjustment of, [229].
principle of, [105].
contacts of, renewing of, [186].
necessity for, [102].
parts of, [103].
slow, effect of, [213].
Vibrators, mechanical and magnetic, [103].
action of, [103].
Voltage of storage cell, [84].
Volts, [77].
Warning of overheating, [216].
Washing the car, [221].
Water, cooling, flow of, [31].
dirt in, [199].
forced circulation of, [32].
gravity system of, [34].
Water cooling, [31].
Water jackets, [31].
Water pumps, [32].
Wear of tires, [173].
Weight of fly wheel, [42].
Winding of primary induction coil, [93].
of secondary induction coil, [96].
Wires, broken, [181].
causes of breaking, [180].
Wiring, [236].
for jump spark, [238].
for make-and-break, [240].
Wrist pin, [23].

THE END

A MOTOR-BOAT STORY.