Broken piston rings, or rings stuck in their grooves, will be the cause of smoking because they will permit an excess of oil to pass by them.
CHAPTER XIV
CAUSES OF TROUBLE
| Engine will not start. | No mixture. |
| No ignition. | |
| No compression. | |
| Engine starts, but will not continue running. | Clogged fuel pipe or strainer. |
| Air-bound tank or carburetor. | |
| Clogged exhaust. | |
| Wet spark plugs. | |
| Governor out of adjustment. | |
| Engine loses power. | Retarded spark. |
| Poor compression. | |
| Overheating. | |
| Clogged exhaust. | |
| Incorrect mixture. | |
| Governor out of adjustment. | |
| Tight bearings. | |
| Dragging brake. | |
| Slipping clutch. | |
| Overloaded. | |
| Engine stops suddenly. | Ignition trouble. |
| Engine slows down and stops. | Clogged fuel supply. |
| Incorrect Mixture. | |
| Overheated. | |
| Regular miss in one cylinder. | Defective spark plug or wire. |
| Irregular miss in all cylinders. | Sticking contact breaker. |
| Defective distributor. | |
| Clogged fuel line. | |
| Irregular fuel feed. | |
| Water in fuel. | |
| Faulty ignition connections. | |
| Engine runs unevenly. | Incorrect spark plug gap. |
| Incorrect mixture. | |
| Binding carburetor float. | |
| Sticking valves. | |
| Sticking governor. | |
| Engine overheats. | Spark retarded. |
| Faulty cooling. | |
| Faulty lubrication. | |
| Engine smokes. | Black smoke; mixture too rich. |
| Blue smoke; too much oil. | |
| Broken or stuck piston rings. | |
| Poor oil. | |
| Engine backfires through carburetor. | Mixture too lean. |
| Sticking inlet valve or weak inlet valve spring. | |
| Explosions in exhaust pipe. | Missing spark. |
| Mixture too rich. | |
| Sticking exhaust valve. | |
INDEX
- Adjusting a carburetor, [213]
- Advance of ignition; theory of, [18]
- Air cleaner or washer, [71]
- Air inlet; extra, [63]
- Armature, [106]
- Atwater-Kent ignition system, [136]
- Automatic carburetor, [63]
- Automobiles and tractors compared, [1]
- Axles; types of front, [172]
- Backfire, [55]
- Balance weights, [31]
- Bearings, [31]
- Bosch magneto; theory of, [110]
- Bosch magneto circuit, [111]
- Bosch magneto windings, [110]
- Bull gear drive, [165]
- Burning point of oil, [182]
- Cam, [39]
- Carbon; formation of, [56]
- Carbonization, [56]
- Carbon; removing, [242]
- Carburetor, [57]
- Carburetor action, [60]
- Carburetor adjustment, [213]
- Carburetor adjustment for two fuels, [218]
- Carburetor; compensating, [63]
- Carburetor connections, [89]
- Carburetor; description of, [72]
- Carburetor; float feed, [76]
- Carburetor; heating the, [70]
- Carburetor; parts of, [70]
- Carburetor; pump feed, [80]
- Carburetor; stopping on gasoline, [218]
- Carburetor strainer, [89]
- Carburetor; trouble with, [215]
- Carburetor; using water in, [219]
- Causes of trouble, [259]
- Centrifugal force, [94]
- Change speed gear; action of, [152]
- Change speed gear; jaw clutch, [156]
- Change speed gear; purpose of, [6]
- Change speed gear; shifting, [203]
- Change speed gear; sliding, [154]
- Change speed gear; theory of, [149]
- Choke, [67]
- Circuit; Bosch magneto, [111]
- Circuit breaker; magneto, [110]
- Cleaner; air, [91]
- Clutch; action of, [144]
- Clutch; expanding, [145]
- Clutch; how to use, [205]
- Clutch; plate or disk, [146]
- Clutch; purpose of, [6]
- Cold weather care of tractor, [207]
- Cold weather starting, [207]
- Combustion space, [11]
- Combustion; theory of, [52]
- Compression; importance of, [16]
- Compression leaks; locating, [228]
- Compression stroke, [16]
- Compression; testing the, [227]
- Connecting rod, [35]
- Cooling system, [46]
- Crank shaft, [30]
- Cycle; gas engine, [11]
- Dead strokes, [12]
- Differential; action of, [161]
- Differential; purpose of, [7]
- Differential; theory of, [158]
- Dirt in the fuel, [215]
- Disk clutch, [146]
- Distributor; magneto, [124]
- Dixie magneto action, [119]
- Double bowl carburetor; adjustment of, [218]
- Double opposed engine, [25]
- Drive; master gear or bull gear, [165]
- Drive; purpose of, [6]
- Drive; worm, [166]
- Engine base, [30]
- Engine; double opposed, [25]
- Engine; horizontal, [25]
- Engine; how power is delivered by, [21]
- Engine loses power, [249]
- Engine misses, [252]
- Engine overheats, [256]
- Engine; priming, [214]
- Engine; principle of, [9]
- Engine; purpose of, [6]
- Engine smokes, [258]
- Engine starts; but stops, [254]
- Engine stops, [251]
- Engine trouble; locating, [246]
- Engine; vertical, [25]
- Engine will not start, [246]
- Exhaust stroke, [20]
- Exhaust valve, [38]
- Expanding clutch, [145]
- Extra air inlet, [63]
- Firing order, [28]
- Float feed carburetor, [76]
- Force feed oiling system, [186]
- Frame; purpose of, [8]
- Freezing; to prevent, [209]
- Front axles; types of, [172]
- Fuel; dirt in the, [215]
- Fuel; straining the, [89]
- Gas engine cycle, [11]
- Gasket, [30]
- Gasoline mixture, [57]
- Governor, [94]
- Grease cup, [197]
- Grease; when used, [182]
- Grinding valves, [229]
- Grounded circuit or ground return, [125]
- Heat; action of, [9]
- Heat; effect on oil of, [177]
- Heat necessary in forming mixture, [58]
- Heating the carburetor, [70]
- Heating the mixture, [86]
- Horizontal engine, [25]
- Ignition point; changing the, [103]
- Ignition system; Atwater-Kent, [136]
- Ignition system; parts of, [105]
- Ignition; theory of, [17], [102]
- Impulse starter, [128]
- Induction and induced current, [106]
- Inductor magneto, [115]
- Inlet stroke, [14]
- Inlet valve, [38]
- Jack shaft, [165]
- Jaw clutch change speed gear, [156]
- K-W magneto action, [115]
- Kerosene mixture, [57]
- Leaks of compression; locating, [228]
- Lean mixture, [54]
- Loading, [67]
- Lubricating systems, [184]
- Lubrication chart; use of, [182]
- Lubrication; importance of, [175]
- Magnetism, [105]
- Magnet; poles of, [106]
- Magneto action; Bosch, [110]
- Magneto action; Dixie, [119]
- Magneto action; K-W, [115]
- Magneto distributor, [124]
- Magneto distributor; cleaning, [222]
- Magneto inductor, [115]
- Magneto; oiling a, [221]
- Magneto platinum points; care of, [221]
- Magneto safety spark gap, [127]
- Magneto spark; theory of, [105]
- Magneto; theory of Bosch, [110]
- Magneto timer or circuit breaker, [110]
- Magneto timing, [223]
- Magneto trouble; testing for, [224]
- Manifold, [70]
- Master gear drive, [165]
- Mechanical oiler, [192]
- Mixer, [57]
- Mixing chamber, [70]
- Mixture changes with engine speed, [62]
- Mixture; formation of, [53]
- Mixture; gasoline and kerosene, [57]
- Mixture; heating the, [86]
- Mixture; heat necessary to form, [58]
- Mixture; rich, [55]
- Mixture; theory of, [9]
- Mixture; thin, or lean, [54]
- Oil affected by heat, [177]
- Oil; burning point and viscosity, [182]
- Oil cup, [193]
- Oiler; mechanical, [192]
- Oiling chart; use of, [182]
- Oiling; importance of, [175]
- Oiling systems, [184]
- Oil pump, [188]
- Oil; varieties used on tractors, [179]
- Piston, [34]
- Piston pin, [34]
- Piston rings, [37]
- Piston rings; care of, [228]
- Plate clutch, [146]
- Poles of magnet, [106]
- Power diagram, [21]
- Power production, [12]
- Power stroke, [19]
- Preignition, [56], [83], [104]
- Priming the engine, [214]
- Pump feed carburetor, [80]
- Push rod, [42]
- Push rod adjustment, [234]
- Radiator, [48]
- Retard of ignition; theory of, [19]
- Rich mixture, [55]
- Rocker arm, [42]
- Safety spark gap, [127]
- Shuttle armature, [107]
- Sliding change speed gear, [154]
- Spark coil; principle of, [133]
- Spark coil; vibrator, [138]
- Spark coil; windings of, [134]
- Spark plug, [140]
- Spark plug gap, [226]
- Spark plugs; trouble with, [225]
- Splash oiling system, [184]
- Spray nozzle, [57]
- Spring support, [173]
- Starter; impulse, [128]
- Starting in cold weather, [207]
- Starting the engine; theory of, [13]
- Steering gear; purpose of, [7]
- Steering; instruction in, [205]
- Storing a tractor, [210]
- Straining the fuel, [89]
- Strangler, [69]
- Tappet, [42]
- Tappet adjustment, [234]
- Temperature; effect of changes on mixture, [66]
- Testing for magneto trouble, [224]
- Testing the compression, [227]
- Theory of gas engine, [9]
- Thermo-syphon cooling system, [48]
- Thin mixture, [54]
- Throttle, [68]
- Throws of crank shaft, [30]
- Timer; magneto, [110], [121], [122]
- Timing a magneto, [223]
- Timing the valves, [237]
- Tractor; caring for in cold weather, [207]
- Tractor; difficulties in oiling, [178]
- Tractor driving, [205]
- Tractor; handling a new, [201]
- Tractor inspection, [203]
- Tractors and automobiles compared, [1]
- Tractor; storing, [210]
- Tractor types, [167]
- Transmission; parts of, [143]
- Trouble; causes of, [259]
- Trouble; locating, [246]
- Valve; exhaust, [38]
- Valve grinding, [229]
- Valve; inlet, [38]
- Valve mechanism, [42]
- Valve operation, [39]
- Valve seat; redressing, [234]
- Valve timing, [237]
- Vertical engine, [25]
- Vibrator coil, [138]
- Viscosity of oil, [182]
- Washer; air, [91]
- Water added to mixture, [58], [83], [219]
- Water jackets, [48]
- Windings; Bosch magneto, [110]
- Windings of spark coil, [134]
- Worm drive, [166]
- Wrist pin, [34]
Transcriber’s Notes:
The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.
Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected.