[4] In a recent issue of the "Revue des Deux Mondes."
[5] Institut für Kulturforschung (Institute for the Study of Civilisation), founded at Vienna in February, 1915, by Dr. Erwin Hanslick. So rapid was its success that in February, 1916, it gave birth to the Institute for the Study of the East and the Orient.
[6] "Nature," writes Voltaire in L'Homme aux quarante écus, "is like those great princes who think nothing of the loss of 400,000 men, provided they can fulfil their own august designs."
The princes of to-day, great and small alike, are more spendthrift!
[7] Cf. Victor Bérard's brief account of the Manchurian campaign in La révolte de l'Asie. Cf. also Les derniers jours de Pékin, where Pierre Loti describes the destruction of Tung-Chow, "the City of Celestial Purity."
[8] Numerous issues of "Cahiers de la Quinzaine" have been devoted to castigating the crimes of civilisation. I may mention:
- (a) Sur le Congo, by E. D. Morel, Pierre Mille, and Félicien Challaye
- ("Cahiers de la Quinzaine," vii, 6, 12, 16).
- (b) Sur les Juifs en Russie et en Roumanie, by Bernard Lazare, Elie
- Eberlin, and Georges Delahache (iii, 8; vi, 6).
- (c) Sur la Pologne, by Edmond Bernus (viii, 10, 12, 14).
- (d) Sur l'Arménie, by Pierre Quillard (iii, 19).
- (e) Sur la Finlande, by Jean Deck (iii, 21).
[9] Arnold Porret, Les causes profondes de la guerre, Lausanne, 1916.
[10] From a lecture entitled Nationalism in Japan, since republished in the volume Nationalism, Macmillan, London, 1917 (pp. 59 and 60). This address marks a turning-point in the history of the world.
[11] Consult a number of shrewd articles published during the last decade by Francis Delaisi. One in particular may be mentioned, that which appeared in "Pages libres" on January 1, 1907, dealing with foreign affairs in 1906 (the Algeciras year). He gives striking examples of what he terms "industrialised diplomacy." As a complement to Delaisi, read the financial articles of the "Revue" (issues for November and December, 1906) signed Lysis, and the commentary on these articles by P. G. La Chesnais in "Pages libres" (January 19, 1907). In these writings we find a plain demonstration of the power of the financial oligarchies over the governments of the European states, alike republics and monarchies—a power that is "collective, mysterious in its workings, and independent of control."