by
ROSA LUXEMBURG

translated from the German
by
AGNES SCHWARZSCHILD
(doctor iuris)

With an Introduction
by
JOAN ROBINSON

NEW HAVEN
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
1951


THIS TRANSLATION FIRST PUBLISHED
IN THE UNITED STATES
BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN CONNECTICUT
DESIGNED BY SEÁN JENNETT
AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD
LONDON AND FROME


CONTENTS

TRANSLATOR’S NOTEpage[7]
A NOTE ON ROSA LUXEMBURG[9]
INTRODUCTION[13]

SECTION ONE
THE PROBLEM OF REPRODUCTION

I. THE OBJECT OF OUR INVESTIGATION
page[31]
II. QUESNAY’S AND ADAM SMITH’S ANALYSES OF THE PROCESS OF REPRODUCTION[48]
III. A CRITICISM OF SMITH’S ANALYSIS[64]
IV. MARX’S SCHEME OF SIMPLE REPRODUCTION[76]
V. THE CIRCULATION OF MONEY[93]
VI. ENLARGED REPRODUCTION[107]
VII. ANALYSIS OF MARX’S DIAGRAM OF ENLARGED REPRODUCTION[120]
VIII. MARX’S ATTEMPT TO RESOLVE THE DIFFICULTY[139]
IX. THE DIFFICULTY VIEWED FROM THE ANGLE OF THE PROCESS OF CIRCULATION[155]

SECTION TWO
HISTORICAL EXPOSITION OF THE PROBLEM

FIRST ROUND
Sismondi-Malthus v. Say-Ricardo, MacCulloch

X. SISMONDI’S THEORY OF REPRODUCTION
page[173]
XI. MACCULLOCH v. SISMONDI[191]
XII. RICARDO v. SISMONDI[203]
XIII. SAY v. SISMONDI[211]
XIV. MALTHUS[219]

SECOND ROUND
The Controversy between Rodbertus and von Kirchmann

XV. V. KIRCHMANN’S THEORY OF REPRODUCTION
page[227]
XVI. RODBERTUS’ CRITICISM OF THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL[238]
XVII. RODBERTUS’ ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTION[252]

THIRD ROUND
Struve—Bulgakov—Tugan Baranovski v. Vorontsov—Nikolayon

XVIII. A NEW VERSION OF THE PROBLEM
page[271]
XIX. VORONTSOV AND HIS ‘SURPLUS’[276]
XX. NIKOLAYON[284]
XXI. STRUVE’S ‘THIRD PERSONS’ AND ‘THREE WORLD EMPIRES’[292]
XXII. BULGAKOV AND HIS COMPLETION OF MARX’S ANALYSIS[298]
XXIII. TUGAN BARANOVSKI AND HIS ‘LACK OF PROPORTION’[311]
XXIV. THE END OF RUSSIAN ‘LEGALIST’ MARXISM[324]

SECTION THREE
THE HISTORICAL CONDITIONS OF ACCUMULATION

XXV. CONTRADICTIONS WITHIN THE DIAGRAM OF ENLARGED REPRODUCTION
page[329]
XXVI. THE REPRODUCTION OF CAPITAL AND ITS SOCIAL SETTING[348]
XXVII. THE STRUGGLE AGAINST NATURAL ECONOMY[368]
XXVIII. THE INTRODUCTION OF COMMODITY ECONOMY[386]
XXIX. THE STRUGGLE AGAINST PEASANT ECONOMY[395]
XXX. INTERNATIONAL LOANS[419]
XXXI. PROTECTIVE TARIFFS AND ACCUMULATION[446]
XXXII. MILITARISM AS A PROVINCE OF ACCUMULATION[454]
INDEX[469]