Before y? Illustrate.
If c is pronounced like k, it is called hard and is marked [\c].
If c is pronounced like s, it is called soft and is marked ç. The mark used to indicate the soft c is called the cedilla.
Make a statement telling when c is hard and when it is soft.
What sound does g have before each of the vowels, as in game, gone, gymnasium, Gunther, gentle?
Rule 8.—C and g usually are soft before e, i, and y.
Exercise 41
Words ending in silent e, according to Rule 5, drop the e before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Exceptions occur when the e is needed to preserve the soft sound of c and g. Tell why e is dropped in encouraging and retained in courageous.
In words containing dg, as in judge and lodge, the d gives the g the soft sound, and there is no need to retain the e before adding a suffix, as in judgment.
Rule 9.—Words ending in silent e usually drop the e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel, unless the e is needed to preserve the pronunciation; as after soft c and g, when the suffix begins with a or o.