8, 9. Circular amputation at lower third of forearm; lateral liberating incision should be added on ulnar side, or radial side, or both, according to tonicity of limb.
10. Long palmar projection of oval method in disarticulating hand.
PLATE LVIII
Surface Tracings showing Some of the More Useful Lines of Skin Incision in Amputations of the Upper Extremity (Dorsal or Extensor Surface).
1. Racquet incision (Larrey) intradeltoid for disarticulation at shoulder.
2. Solid circular with liberating incisions for upper third.
3. Solid circular with liberating incisions for middle third.
4. Circular amputation at lower third of humerus; incision slightly favoring the flexor side, to compensate for greater retraction; two lateral liberating incisions, to facilitate retraction of musculo-cutaneous flaps from bone.
5. Neudörfer’s racquet incision for disarticulation at elbow; preferred in all cases in which a preliminary exploration of the elbow, as in advanced tubercular cases, is attempted before proceeding to disarticulate at elbow.