3. Circular with posterior vertical incision in amputation of lower third of thigh.
4. Long anterior flap for supra-condyloid amputation of thigh.
5. Racquet incision with long anterior flap for extreme upper third of leg. Note long posterior tail, which facilitates upward retraction of a solid musculo-cutaneous flap cut down to the periosteum, resembling a bilateral flap operation (Stephen Smith). The same incision cut a little higher is most serviceable in disarticulating at the knee.
6. Long-hooded anterior flap, with posterior racquet (Stephen Smith and Bier’s osteoplastic).
7. Amputation by equal antero-posterior flap (Marc See, von Bruns).
8. Amputation by long anterior and short posterior flaps (Teale’s principle).
9. Amputation of leg at extreme lower third, practically a circular amputation converted into a solid antero-posterior flap by liberating incisions on fibular and tibial sides.
10. Guyon’s supra-malleolar amputation of leg.
11. Medio-tarsal and intra-tarsal amputations (Chopart and its derivatives).
12. Tarso-metatarsal amputation (Lisfranc and derivatives).