Class Amphibia Linné, 1758. Devonian to Recent.
Subclass Euamphibia Moodie, 1909. Coal Measures to Recent.
Order Branchiosauria Lydekker, 1889. Coal Measures to Permian.
Family Branchiosauridæ Fritsch, 1879.
Micrerpeton caudatum Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Eumicrerpeton parvum Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Mazonerpeton longicaudatum Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Mazonerpeton costatum Moodie, Mazon Creek.
(?) Sparodus sp. indet. Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Order Caudata Duméril, 1806. Coal Measures to Recent.
Suborder Proteida Cope, 1868. Coal Measures, Eocene, and Recent.
Family Cocytinidæ Cope, 1875.
Cocytinus gyrinoides Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Erierpeton branchialis Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Hyphasma lævis Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Order Diplocaulia Moodie, 1912. Coal Measures to Permian.
Family Diplocaulidæ Cope, 1881.
Diplocaulus salamandroides Cope, Salt Fork, Illinois.
(?) Order Salientia Laurenti, 1768. Coal Measures (?) to Recent.
Family Peliontidæ Cope, 1875.
Pelion lyelli Wyman, Linton, Ohio.
Subclass Lepospondylia Zittel, 1887. Coal Measures.
Order Microsauria Dawson, 1863. Coal Measures.
Family Hylonomidæ Fritsch, 1883.
Hylonomus latidens Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Hylonomus lyelli Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Hylonomus multidens Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Hylonomus wymani Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Smilerpeton aciedentatum Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Hylerpeton dawsonii Owen, Nova Scotia.
Hylerpeton intermedium Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Hylerpeton longidentatum Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Fritschia curtidentata Dawson, Nova Scotia.
(?) Amblyodon problematicum Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Family Tuditanidæ Cope, 1875.
Tuditanus punctulatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Tuditanus brevirostris Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Tuditanus minimus Moodie, Cannelton, Pa.
Tuditanus longipes Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Tuditanus walcotti Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Erpetosaurus acutirostris Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Erpetosaurus minutus Moodie, Cannelton, Pa.
Erpetosaurus obtusus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Erpetosaurus radiatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Erpetosaurus sculptilis Moodie, Cannelton, Pa.
Erpetosaurus tabulatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Erpetosaurus tuberculatus Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Odonterpeton triangularis Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Family Stegopidæ Moodie, 1909.
Stegops divaricata Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Family Urocordylidæ Lydekker, 1890.
Diceratosaurus punctolineatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Diceratosaurus lævis Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Diceratosaurus robustus Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Eoserpeton tenuicorne Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Family Amphibamidæ Moodie.
Amphibamus grandiceps Cope, Mazon Creek.
Amphibamus thoracatus Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Family Nyraniidæ Lydekker, 1889.
Ichthyerpeton squamosum Moodie. Linton, Ohio.
Cercariomorphus parvisquamis Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Family Ptyoniidæ Cope, 1875.
Ptyonius nummifer Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Ptyonius marshii Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Ptyonius vinchellianus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Ptyonius pectinatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Ptyonius serrula Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Œstocephalus remex Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Œstocephalus rectidens Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Thyrsidium fasciculare Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Family Ichthycanthidæ Moodie.
Ichthycanthus ohiensis Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Ichthycanthus platypus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Family Molgophidæ Cope, 1875.
Molgophis macrurus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Molgophis brevicostatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Molgophis wheatleyi Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Erpetobrachium mazonensis Moodie, Mazon Creek.
Pleuroptyx clavatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Phlegethontia linearis Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Phlegethontia serpens Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Family Sauropleuridæ Hay, 1902.
Sauropleura digitata Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura newberryi Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura scutellata Newberry, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura pauciradiata Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura longidentata Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura foveata Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura (Anisodexis) enchodus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Sauropleura sp., Linton, Ohio.
Ctenerpeton alveolatum Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Saurerpeton latithorax Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Leptophractus obsoletus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Leptophractus dentatus Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Leptophractus lineolatus Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Order Temnospondylia Zittel, 1887. Coal Measures and Permian.
Family Cricotidæ Cope, 1884.
Spondylerpeton spinatum Moodie, Mazon Creek, Ill.
Family Eryopidæ Cope, 1882.
Eryops sp. indet., Pitcairn, Pa.
Family Macrerpetidæ Moodie, 1909.
Macrerpeton huxleyi (Cope), Linton, Ohio.
Macrerpeton deani Moodie, Linton, Ohio.
Family Anthracosauridæ Cope, 1875.
Eosaurus acadianus Marsh, Nova Scotia.
Eobaphetes kansensis Moodie, Kansas.
Baphetes planiceps Owen, Nova Scotia.
Baphetes minor Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Dendrerpeton acadianum Owen, Nova Scotia.
Dendrerpeton oweni Dawson, Nova Scotia.
(?)Platystegos loricatum Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Genera and species of uncertain position:
Amblyodon problematicum Dawson, Nova Scotia.
Proterpeton gurleyi Moodie, Illinois.
Brachydectes newberryi Cope, Linton, Ohio.
Order Stereospondylia Zittel, 1887. Coal Measures (?) and Triassic.
Family Mastodonsauridæ Huxley, 1863.
Mastodonsaurus sp. indet., Kansas.

The above list of species is interesting in that it shows the diversity of structure among the Coal Measures Amphibia. There are at present 88 species known, many of them incompletely, divided among 17 families and 5 orders. The majority of the species are from the Linton Coal Measures, there being 50 species described or indicated from these beds. The Mazon Creek shales have furnished 10 species; Nova Scotia 18 species; the remainder of the species are from various localities.

[CHAPTER VIII.]

DEFINITION OF THE CLASS AMPHIBIA LINNÉ, 1758, DEVONIAN TO RECENT.

(World-wide distribution.)

Cold-blooded vertebrates; aquatic or partially terrestrial in habit; body scaled or naked or partly covered with bony or horny plates; abdomen sometimes protected by closely packed scutes, scales, or rods; skull completely roofed-over or with a single vacuity; pterygoid-palatine arch complete or wanting; stapes always present; two occipital condyles, sometimes cartilaginous; skull bones pitted and grooved by the lateral-line canals, or smooth and lateral-line canals wanting; parasphenoid well developed; palatine vacuities, large, small, or absent; basioccipital partly or entirely cartilaginous; sclerotic plates present or absent; mouth always terminal; teeth sharply conical, smooth, or plicated, with walls sometimes extremely complicated by the infolding of the dentine and enamel. Vertebræ procœlous, opisthocœlous, amphicœlous, amphiplatyan, temnospondylous, stereospondylous, or cartilaginous; notochord often persistent; column divisible into cervical, dorsal, and caudal series; cervical series, so far as known, always short; dorsal region long or short; a single sacral or two; caudal series short, very long, or absent. Pectoral girdle composed of an osseous scapula, cleithrum, clavicle, interclavicle, and coracoid with various relations; sternum undeveloped; pectoral girdle of membrane bones; in Triassic forms producing the effect of a plastron on account of the high development of the clavicles and interclavicle. Pelvis usually composed of an osseous ilium and ischium; pubis when osseous surrounded by large amounts of cartilage, usually cartilaginous, sometimes calcified. Limbs ambulatory, natatory, or wanting; limb bones composed either entirely of perichondrium or of perichondrium and a small amount of endochondrium; radius and ulna, and tibia and fibula free or fused. Digits 3 to 5, usually 4 for the hand and 5 for the foot. Terminal phalanges sometimes clawed. Carpus and tarsus osseous or cartilaginous, usually the latter. Ribs never attached to a sternal apparatus, single or double headed or intermediate, long and curved or short and straight. Articulation with vertebral column inter- or intra-central. Respiration both branchial and pulmonary; branchiæ persistent and osseous in some forms. Development by metamorphosis either in the egg membrane, on the back of the mother, or in the water. No amnion or allantois. Heart with a single ventricle and 3 or 4 pairs of aortic arches; postcava always present in the recent forms.

DEFINITION OF SUBCLASS EUAMPHIBIA, MOODIE, 1909. COAL MEASURES TO RECENT.

(World-wide distribution.)