[1] William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Samuel E. Morison (New York, 1952), 16–17, 24, 27, 33, 49. Quotations will ordinarily be from this modernized version of Governor Bradford’s history. Quotations from other sources have been modernized. Henry Martyn Dexter, The England and Holland of the Pilgrims (Boston, 1905), App. 601–641, for list of occupations; Roland G. Usher, The Pilgrims and Their History (New York, 1918), 35–40, on the economic and religious motives for removal.
[2] John Smith, Description of New England (1616), is in Smith, Works, ed. Edward Arber (Westminster, 1895), II; for Brewster’s copy, see “Plymouth Colony, Wills and Inventories,” 1641–1649 (typescript, Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, Mass.), 49; Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 28–29; Smith’s comment on the Pilgrims, Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation, ed. W. C. Ford, 2 vols. (Boston, 1912), I, 192n. Edward Winslow, Hypocrisie Unmasked (1646), told the story about consulting God’s will, cited ibid., 66n.
[3] Bradford, History, ed. Ford, I, 70n., 77n. Winslow reported the King’s conversation long after Plymouth’s settlement in Hypocrisie Unmasked, cited in Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 30n. It sounds a bit overdrawn. William Brewster, a former tenant of the Sandys family, may have introduced his associates to Sir Edwin Sandys.
[4] Charles M. Andrews, The Colonial Period of American History (New Haven, 1934), I, 254–255, describes the system of private plantations. Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 35, 37, identifying the offer of support by Thomas Weston; the 1619 patent in Susan M. Kingsbury, ed., The Records of the Virginia Company (Washington, 1906), I, 221, 228; Edward Arber, ed., Story of the Pilgrim Fathers (London, 1897), ch. XXV, on Brewster; Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 356–357, for Cushman’s report on Blackwell.
[5] On the Dutch offer, Bradford, History, ed. Ford, I, 99n. See Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., LIV, 166, 168, 177, and Astrid Friis, Alderman Cockayne’s Project and the Cloth Trade (Copenhagen and London, 1927), 370, for Weston as an ironmonger and “interloper.” The lawsuit against Weston filed in the Court of Exchequer by Pickering’s executors, John Fowler, James Sherley, and Richard Andrews, appears to confirm a streak of dishonesty in Weston. The original depositions and award include interesting details about some of the Plymouth partners and their associates, Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., LIV (1922), 165–178 (summaries); P.R.O., E. 134, 22 James I, Mich. 22; Mich. 59; Hilary 22/8. The award, E. 178/5451, was kindly transcribed for me by Prof. Norma Adams. “Governor Bradford’s Letter Book,” I Mass. Hist. Soc. Colls., III (1794), 27, on Weston’s debts to partners.
[6] John Smith, A Description of New England (1616), is a plea for fishing and plantation; also Smith’s letter to Sir Francis Bacon, 1618, transcript in Bancroft Mss., New England (New York Public Library), I, 19–23.
[7] Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 49–50, 43, 42, 44, 50, 55.
[8] £1200 Cushman reported raised by June 1620 still left them £300 or £400. Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 45–46, 55, 56; 104n., quoting John Smith, Generall Historie ... (1626); 49, 50, 57, on sale of supplies; 60, on landfall. Nathaniel Morton, New England’s Memoriall (1669), (Boston, 1903), 30, on Carver.
[9] Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 75n.; Bradford, History, ed. Ford, I, 234n., 246f. for the text and a photograph of the original indenture now on exhibit in Pilgrim Hall; Frances Rose-Troup, Massachusetts Bay Company and its Predecessors (New York, 1930), 3–4, explains the difference between an indenture and a patent.
[10] Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Morison, 93, Weston’s letter; Henry Martyn Dexter, ed., Mourt’s Relation or Journal of the Plantation at Plymouth (Boston, 1865).