| Facing Page | |
| Baptist Church | [132] |
| Butterfield Monument | [288] |
| Capt. S. J. Quinn | [Frontispiece] |
| Catholic Church | [272] |
| Chancellorsville Tavern | [82] |
| Charity School | [232] |
| Christian Church | [240] |
| Church of God | [304] |
| City Hall | [192] |
| Com. M. F. Maury | [320] |
| Confederate Cemetery | [122] |
| Confederate Monument | [264] |
| Court House | [22] |
| Eagle Hotel | [182] |
| Entrance to Confederate Cemetery | [222] |
| Entrance to National Cemetery | [256] |
| Exchange Hotel | [172] |
| Federal Hill | [32] |
| Fire Department | [232] |
| First Mayor’s Residence | [182] |
| Forsythe’s Birthplace | [102] |
| Fredericksburg College | [172] |
| Fredericksburg from Marye’s Heights | [12] |
| Fredericksburg from Stafford Heights | [12] |
| Free Bridge | [22] |
| Free Lance—Star Office | [248] |
| Hon. Montgomery Slaughter | [72] |
| Jackson Monument | [202] |
| Kenmore | [212] |
| Marye Mansion | [328] |
| Mary Washington House | [32] |
| Mary Washington Monument | [52] |
| Masonic Lodge | [222] |
| Meditation Rock | [152] |
| Mercer Monument | [92] |
| Methodist Church | [162] |
| M. W. M. Lodge | [142] |
| Old Planters’ Hotel | [296] |
| Opera House | [296] |
| Postoffice | [280] |
| Power Dam | [152] |
| Presbyterian Church | [162] |
| Presbyterian Memorial Chapel | [62] |
| Public School | [288] |
| Remarkable Tombstone | [264] |
| R., F. & P. R. R. Bridge | [312] |
| Rising Sun Tavern | [52] |
| Section Stone Wall | [112] |
| Sentry Box | [102] |
| Shiloh Church, N. S. | [304] |
| Shiloh Church, O. S. | [272] |
| Stevens House | [192] |
| St. George’s Church | [62] |
| Stone House | [92] |
| Sunken Road | [82] |
| Superintendent’s Lodge | [256] |
| Trinity Church | [240] |
| Trustees’ Office | [112] |
| Union House | [212] |
| View on Princess Anne St. | [42] |
| Wallace Library | [142] |
| Water Power Office | [328] |
| Wm. Paul’s Gravestone | [280] |
CONTENTS
| [Chapter I] | ||
| Captain John Smith Explores the Rappahannock River—The Flight of Pocahontas—Major Lawrence Smith’s Fort—Governor Spotswood’s Miners at Germanna, | [11] | |
| [Chapter II] | ||
| The Knights of the Golden Horse Shoe—Governor Spotswood’s Expedition over the Blue Ridge Mountains, | [27] | |
| [Chapter III] | ||
| Fredericksburg Incorporated by the House of Burgesses—Col. Byrd Walks about Town—A Church Building Erected—Rev.Patrick Henry Rector—Augustine Washington a Town Trustee—Stock Fairs Inaugurated—Limits of the Town Extended, | [37] | |
| [Chapter IV] | ||
| Encouraging Home Industries—Further Extension of the Town—Tobacco Inspectors Appointed—Modes of PunishingCriminals—Prosperity—Military Ardor—Under the United States Government—A New Order of Things, | [46] | |
| [Chapter V] | ||
| Lease of the Market-House Lots—The First Serious Fire—Fredericksburg an Important Center—An Act ConcerningElections—Half of the Town Destroyed by Fire—Fredericksburg an Important Postal Point—How theMails were Carried—A Congressional Investigation—Amendatory Acts of 1821—The Great Fire of 1822—TheTrade of the Town—Contagious Diseases—The Town in 1841—Acts of Extension, 1851, 1852, 1858, 1861, | [57] | |
| [Chapter VI] | ||
| The War Clouds Gather—Fredericksburg in the Southern Confederacy—Troops Raised and Equipped—Town Surrendered to FederalAuthorities—Citizens Arrested and Held as Hostages—Thrilling Evacuating Scenes—Citizens Flee from their Homes—Bombardment of the Town, | [71] | |
| [Chapter VII] | ||
| The Great Battle—The Town Sacked by Soldiers—The Federals Recross the River—A Great Revival of Religion—TheBattle of Chancellorsville—Gen. Sedgwick Captures the Town—The Wilderness Campaign—Many NoncombatantCitizens Arrested and Imprisoned—A Statement by the Council—The Citizens and Federal Soldiers Released, | [90] | |
| [Chapter VIII] | ||
| The Armies Transferred to Richmond and Petersburg—Gen. Lee Surrenders his Army—Citizens Return Home—Actionof the City Council—Fredericksburg Again Under the Old Flag—The Assassination of President Lincoln Denounced—ReconstructionCommenced—An Election Set Aside by the Military—All Civil Offices Set Aside and StrangersAppointed—The Financial Condition of the Town—The Town Again in the Hands of its Citizens—Splendid Financial Showing, | [107] | |
| [Chapter IX] | ||
| The Courts of Fredericksburg—The Freedman’s Bureau—Court Orders and Incidents—First Night Watch Appointed—MinistersQualify to Perform Marriage Ceremony—First Notary Public—Fixing the Value of Bank Notes—Prison Bounds for Debtors—Church Buildings, | [123] | |
| [Chapter X] | ||
| Public Buildings—Court House—The Jail—Town Hall—Fire Department—School Buildings—Wallace Library—NormalSchool—Government Building, | [136] | |
| [Chapter XI] | ||
| and Historical Buildings—Mary Washington Monument—General Mercer’s Statue—Mary Washington’s Will, | [148] | |
| [Chapter XII] | ||
| Hotels of the Town, old and new—Agricultural Fairs and Toll Bridges—Care of the Dependent Poor—City Water Works—CityGas Works—Electric Light—Telephone Company—Fire Department, | [164] | |
| [Chapter XIII] | ||
| Volunteer Militia—The Confederate Cemetery—The National Cemetery—The Confederate Veterans—The Sons of ConfederateVeterans—The Schools, Private and Public, | [182] | |
| [Chapter XIV] | ||
| The Churches of Fredericksburg, | [202] | |
| [Chapter XV] | ||
| Charitable and Benevolent Societies—Mary Washington Hospital—Newspapers and Periodicals—Political Excitement—StrongResolutions Against the Administration—An Address Approving the President’s Foreign Policy—The Names of Those who Signed the Address, | [217] | |
| [Chapter XVI] | ||
| Distinguished Men Buried in Fredericksburg—A Remarkable Grave Stone—Three Heroic Fredericksburgers, Wellford,Herndon, Willis—The Old Liberty Bell Passes Through Town—Great Demonstration in its Honor—What a Chinaman Thought of it, | [235] | |
| [Chapter XVII] | ||
| Visits of Heroes—Gala Days—The Army of the Society of the Potomac Enters the Town, | [251] | |
| [Chapter XVIII] | ||
| The Society of the Army of the Potomac Continued—Welcome Address—Laying a Corner Stone, | [263] | |
| [Chapter XIX] | ||
| Doctor Walker’s Expedition—Bacon’s Rebellion, so-called—The Fredericksburg Declaration—The Great Orator—Resolutionsof Separation—The Virginia Bill of Rights, | [280] | |
| [Chapter XX] | ||
| Declaration of Separation—The Declaration of Independence—Washington Commander-in-Chief of the Armies—JohnPaul Jones Raises the First Flag—First to Throw the Stars and Stripes to the Breeze—Fredericksburg Furnishesthe Head of the Army and Navy—The Constitution of the United States, | [292] | |
| [Chapter XXI] | ||
| The First Proclamation for Public Thanksgiving—Pennsylvania Whiskey Rebellion—John Marshall and the SupremeCourt—Religious Liberty—The Monroe Doctrine—Seven Presidents—Clarke Saves the Great Northwest—TheVast Western Territory Explored—The Louisiana Purchase—The Florida Purchase—Texas Acquired—TheWar with Mexico and its Rich Results—The Oceans Sounded, Measured and Mapped—The Ladies’ MemorialAssociation—The Mary Washington Monument—General Mercer’s Statue, | [306] | |
| [Chapter XXII] | ||
| Fredericksburg at Present—The Health of the City—Its Financial Solidity—Its Commercial Prosperity—Its Lines ofTransportation—Its Water Power—Its Official Calendar—List of Mayors, | [322] | |
| Official Calendar—September 1, 1908 | [333] | |
| Mayors of Fredericksburg in Their Chronological Order | [336] |
HISTORY
OF THE
City of Fredericksburg, Virginia,
FROM ITS
Settlement to the Present Time
CHAPTER I
Capt. John Smith Explores the Rappahannock River—The Flight of Pocahontas—Maj. Smith’s Fort—Gov. Spotswood’s Miners at Germanna.