[15] Gibbon, Bury’s Ed. Vol. V. p. 339.
[16] Goldziher, Muhammedanische Studien. Vol. I. The chapter on Muruwwa und Din; Nicholson, Literary History of the Arabs pp. 177-179; Browne Literary History of Persia pp. 189 et Seq.
[17] Life and Teachings of Mohamed p. 263.
[18] Margoliouth Life of Mohamed p. 102.
[19] Ibn Sad, Vol. IV. Part I. p. 159.
[20] In Lane’s Arabian Society in the Middle Ages the reader will find a detailed account of religious institutions of Islam pp. 1-24.
[21] Vol. I. p. 10.
[22] Surah. II. 3, 43, 83, 110, 177, 277, etc.
[23] Von Kremer, Vol. I. p. 50.
[24] Lane, Arabian Society p. 14.