Judges are independent and subject only to the law.
ARTICLE 103
Ordinary jurisdiction will be exercised by the National Judicial Court and the courts of the States.
ARTICLE 104
Judges of ordinary jurisdiction are appointed for life. They may against their wishes be permanently or temporarily removed from office, or transferred to another position, or retired, only by virtue of a judicial decision and for the reasons and in the forms provided by law. The law may fix an age limit on reaching which judges may be retired.
Temporary suspension from office in accordance with law is not affected by this Article.
If there is a re-organization of the courts or of the judicial districts, the State department of justice may order involuntary transfers to another court or removal from office, but only with allowance of full salary.
These provisions do not apply to judges of commercial tribunals, lay associates, and jurymen.
ARTICLE 105
Extraordinary courts are illegal. No one may be removed from the jurisdiction of his lawful judge. Provisions of law relating to military courts and courts-martial are not affected hereby. Military courts of honor are abolished.