The New Astronomy - S. P. Langley

* * * * *

I have read somewhere a story about a race of ephemeral insects who live but an hour. To those who are born in the early morning the sunrise is the time of youth. They die of old age while his beams are yet gathering force, and only their descendants live on to midday; while it is another race which sees the sun decline, from that which saw him rise. Imagine the sun about to set, and the whole nation of mites gathered under the shadow of some mushroom (to them ancient as the sun itself) to hear what their wisest philosopher has to say of the gloomy prospect. If I remember aright, he first told them that, incredible as it might seem, there was not only a time in the world’s youth when the mushroom itself was young, but that the sun in those early ages was in the eastern, not in the western, sky. Since then, he explained, the eyes of scientific ephemera had followed it, and established by induction from vast experience the great “Law of Nature,” that it moved only westward; and he showed that since it was now nearing the western horizon, science herself pointed to the conclusion that it was about to disappear forever, together with the great race of ephemera for whom it was created.

What his hearers thought of this discourse I do not remember, but I have heard that the sun rose again the next morning.

INDEX.

Abbe, Professor, [56].
Actinism, [71].
Adams, Professor, [195].
Africa, [116].
Ages, stellar, [238].
Air:
dancing, [17];
a medium, [33];
continuous, [176];
rarefied, [179];
motes, [181];
nimble, [191].
(See [Atmosphere].)
Airless Mountains, [160].
Air-wave, [185].
Aitken’s Researches, [181].
Alaska, [38].
Aldebaran, [222], [235], [236], [246].
Algot, [228].
Allegheny Observatory, [17], [19], [84], [86].
(See [Langley].)
Alphonsus Ring-plain, [156].
Alps, [39], [148], [151], [167], [181].
(See [Apennines, Lunar].)
American Astronomers, [227].
American Continents, [20], [21], [31].
(See [South].)
Andalusia, [53].
Animalculæ, [224].
Animals:
food, [74];
fright, [42].
(See [Dog].)
Antares, [238].
Ants, [223].
(See [Insects].)
Apennines, [151], [153], [155], [160], [167].
(See [Alps, Lunar].)
Apples, [171].
Arab Traditions, [194].
(See [Moslem].)
Arago, quoted, [41], [42].
Archimedes, [94].
Archimedes Crater, [151–153], [155].
Arctic Cold, [159].
Arctic Pole, [96].
Arcturus, [208], [211].
Aristillus Crater, [151].
Aristotelian Philosophy, [8].
Arzachel, [156], [161].
Asteroids, [128].
Astrology, [127].
Astronomers and Priests, [1–3].
(See [American, New], [Old].)
Astronomical Day, [85], [86].
Atmosphere, [136], [180];
as a shield, [216], [220].
(See [Air].)
Atolls, [152].
Auger, simile, [31].
Aurora Borealis, [35], [67], [212].
Autolycus Crater, [151].
Axis, [9], [10].
Babel, [96].
Bain Telegraph, [88].
Balloons, [176].
Bees, [124].
(See [Insects].)
Berkeley’s Theory, [70].
Berlin Observatory, [233].
Bernières’s Lens, [103].
Bessemer Steel, [104–108].
Birds, [172], [196], [197].
(See [Animals].)
Black Hole, [73].
Bond, Professor, [204].
Boston, Mass., [88], [132].
Bothkamp, observations at, [66].
Breadstuffs, [78], [79].
(See [Grain], [Sun-spots], [Wheat].)
Bridges, [20], [68].
Britain, Ancient, [1], [234].
(See [England].)
British Isles, [14], [25].
Brocken Spectre, [55].
Brothers, Mr., [50].
Bubbles, [168].
Buffer, the air as a, [216], [220].
Bunsen’s Researches, [12].
Burnham, W. S., [233].
Burning-glasses, [102–104].
Burning Heat, [160], [163].
Cactus, [14], [24].
Calcutta, [73].
California, [151], [180].
Cambric Needle (q. v.), experiment, [132].
Cambridge Observations, [227], [245–247].
Camera Obscura, [63].
Campanus Crater, [163], [165].
Candle, simile, [39].
Cannon-ball, [5], [38], [41], [98], [135], [186], [211].
Canopus, [234].
Carbon, [72], [73], [107], [221].
Carbonic-acid Gas, [219].
Carpenter’s Studio, [140].
Carrington’s Work, [79], [87].
Carthage, [116].
Cassini, [42].
Cassiopeia, [229].
Cataclysm, [30].
Centimetres, [93].
Chacornac’s Drawing, [33].
Chambers, on sun-spots, [80].
Charleston Earthquake (q. v.), [42].
Chemical Elements, [221], [223].
Cherry-stone, comparison, [196].
Chicago:
great fire, [134];
astronomer, [233].
China:
lens, [103], [104];
soil, [180].
Chlorophyl, [73].
Chocolate, simile, [107].
Cholera, [80].
Chromosphere, [7];
clouds, [62];
forms, [64–68].
Cinders, [171].
Clark’s Glasses, [123].
Cliffs, [164].
Clock, [135].
Cloud-ocean, [179].
Clouds:
cirrous, [27], [28];
beautiful, [54];
and rain, [111];
formed, [249].
Coal-beds, [115].
Coal:
energy, [73–75], [111];
destroyed, [97];
wasted, [101];
stock, [112].
Cobweb, simile, [26].
Cold:
and eclipses, [40];
in planets, [136].
Colorado, [50].
Colors:
in eclipses (q. v.), [65];
mental, [70], [71];
in Jupiter (q. v.), [127];
in moon (q. v.), [168];
in stars (q. v.), [227];
spectrum (q. v.), [236].
Comet-hunters, [204], [207].
Comets:
chapter, [199–220];
Donati’s, [201], [204], [205], [207], [209], [217];
one part, [203];
parts and name, [208];
tail (q. v.), [208], [211];
diameter and parts, [216];
spectroscope, elements, dread, [219];
numerous, stone, [219], [220];
kernel, [220];
(1858), [213–216];
(1866), [200].
Common, A. A., [239], [247].
Compass, [86].
Connecticut Observations, [186], [242].
Converter, [104–108].
Coral, [151].
Corn, [111].
(See [Grain].)
Corona, [7], [36], [37], [40], [41], [43], [45–52], [55], [56], [59], [60–62].
Cotton-mill, [74].
Counting, [94].
Cracks, celestial, [163].
Craters, [164].
(See special names.)
Crystalline Structure, [4], [23–27].
Cyclones, [24], [31], [32], [68].
Decay, [248], [249].
Delambre’s History, [207].
De la Rue’s Engraving, [125].
Delfthaven, [5].
Denning’s Theory, [197].
Diamonds, melted, [103].
Dies Iræ, [249].
Dipper, [207], [208].
(See [Great Bear], Polar.)
Diurnal Oscillation, [87].
Dog, anecdote of, [42].
(See [Animals].)
Donati, [201], [204], [205], [207], [209], [213], [217].
(See [Comets].)
Double Stars, [233].
Draper, Professor Henry, [128], [246], [247].
Ducks, noise, [188].
Dust, [34], [100], [101], [102], [105], [197].
Dynamite, [182], [185], [220].
Earth:
relations, [3], [4];
description difficult, [6];
temperature (q. v.), [34], [101];
a string of earths, [96];
stars like, [118];
seen from outside, [133–135];
craters, [148].
Earthquakes, [220].
(See [Charleston].)
Earth-shine, [167], [172].
Eclipses:
total, [7], [37];
screen, [36];
three, [39], [55];
partial, [40];
singular gloom, [39–43];
causing fright, [43];
colors (q. v.), [48], [56], [61], [65], [66];
(1842), [41];
(1857), [48];
(1869), [39], [40];
(1870), [44], [61];
(1871), [50], [66], [68];
(1878), [38], [50], [57], [58].
(See [Total].)
Egypt, [116], [234].
(See [Pyramids].)
Electricity, [13], [75], [76].
Electric Light, [7].
Electric Spark, [242].
(See [Lightning].)
Electric Storm, [84], [85], [88].
Elizabeth, Queen, [115].
Engine-power, [98], [111].
England:
fleets, [2];
coal, [115].
(See [Britain], [London].)
Engraving, [17].
Enigma, [228].
Ephemera, [250], [251].
Equatorial Landscape, [13], [17], [18], [47].
Equatorial Telescope, [122].
Ericsson:
engravings, [112], [113];
discoveries, [163].
Eruptive Promontories, [66–68].
Etna, [164], [181].
Europe, size, [25].
Evolution, planetary, [139].
Explosive Forces, [182–194].
Eye, [71], [227].
Eye-pieces, [47], [63].
Fabricius’s Observations, [8].
Fact and Fancy, [175].
Factory, [73].
Faculæ, [32], [33].
Falling, [242], [243].
Falling Stars, [193].
(See [Meteors], [Shooting].)
Faraday, Michael, [76].
Fault, technical term, [156].
Faust, [139].
Faye:
theory, [29–32];
on Comets’ Tails, [212].
Fern-like Forms, [25], [26].
Filaments, [25–27], [30], [55], [56], [65], [66], [68].
Fire, in sun (q. v.), [92].
(See [Flames], [Heat].)
Fixed Stars, [233].
Flame-like Appearances, [23], [24].
Flames, [65], [66], [69], [185].
Flashes, [189], [195].
Flax, [111].
Flowers, color (q. v.), [70].
(See [Rose], [Plants].)
Foliage-forms, [32].
Fontenelle’s Story, [133].
Forbes’s Observations, [38], [39].
Frankenstein, [221].
Franklin’s Discoveries, [76].
Fraunhofer Studies, [235].
French Institute, [186].
Frost-crystals (q. v.), [23].
Furnaces, [101].
Galileo, [8], [121–123], [139], [140].
Gas:
glowing, [44];
in sun, [60].
Gas-jets, [40], [61], [68], [88].
Gassendi’s View, [172], [173].
Gelinck’s Observations, [80].
Geminids, [196].
Genii, [193].
Geographers and Geologists, [133].
Glare, [14], [18], [62–64].
Glass:
spun, [26];
globe, [145].
Glow-worms, [7], [117].
Good Hope Observations, [80].
Gould’s Researches, [80].
Grain, prices, [77], [80], [87].
(See [Corn], [Sun-spots], [Wheat].)
Gramarye, [92].
Grass-blades, [66], [72].
Grasses, [26].
Gravitation, [72], [203];
negative, [215].
Great Bear, [207].
(See [Dipper], [Polar].)
Green’s Maps, [130].
Greenwich Observatory, [2], [81], [82], [84], [85], [88], [89].
Gulliver’s Travels, [131], [132].
(See [Swift].)
Gunpowder, [186].
Guns, [135].
(See [Cannon-ball].)
Hall Island, [130].
Hall, Professor, [131].
Hand, illustration, [168].
Harkness’s Observations, [44].
Harvests, [90].
Hastings, Professor, [60].
Heat:
development, [13];
concentration, [19];
loss, [29];
confinement, [33];
sensation, [71];
vibrations, [72];
energy, [91];
amount, [92], [97];
computation, [94–96];
diminution, [101];
emission, [102];
storage, [111];
in sugar, [188].
(See Flames, [Sun].)
Hecla, [164], [181].
Hedgehog-spines, simile, [68].
Helmholtz’s Estimates, [98].
Hengist and Horsa, [1].
(See [Britain].)
Hercules, [238].
Herschel, Sir John:
sun-spots, [12–14];
electric storms, [88];
comet’s tail, [216].
Herschel, Sir William:
avoidance of light, [18];
prices, [79];
sun-spots (q. v.), [129].
Herschel’s Outlines, [11].
Holden, Professor, [124].
Honeycomb Structure, [30].
Huggins’s Experiment, [234], [235].
Humanity, deified, [172].
Human Race, [250].
Humboldt, [195].
Humming-bird, [70].
Hunt, Professor, [136], [219].
Hydrogen, [68], [99], [237].
Ibrahim, King, story, [194], [195].
Ice:
melted, [95], [96];
never melted, [163], [164].
Imbrian Sea, [151].
Insects, [224], [250].
(See [Ants], [Bees].)
Iron:
melting, [19], [107];
appearance of cold, [25];
in sun, [28];
in man, [221];
in stars, [236], [237].
(See [Steel].)
Ironstone, [188].
Ivy, [115].
Janssen’s Observations, [61].
Jevons, Professor, [80].
Joseph in Egypt, [90].
Jumping, [241], [242].
Jupiter, [79], [118], [124], [127–129], [156], [185], [229].
Kensington Museum, [221].
Kepler, on Comets, [219].
Kernels, [220].
Kew, [88].
Kirchoff’s Researches, [12].
Krakatao, [181], [185], [186].
La Harpe, quoted, [207].
Landscape, [169].
Langley, Prof. S. P.:
drawings, [15], [16], [18], [19], [21], [22], [25], [28], [30];
note-book, [24];
expedition, [180];
study of Reflection, [216].
(See [Allegheny], [Pittsburg].)
Latent Power, [220].
Laws of Nature, [250], [251].
Leaf-like Appearances, [23].
(See [Willow].)
Lenses, [102], [103];
Galileo’s, [123].
Leo, [195], [197].
Liais’s Drawing, [48], [50].
Lick Glass, [123].
Light:
development, [13];
day and night, [35];
white (q. v.), [48];
mental (see [Eye]), [71];
from balloon, [179];
transmitted, [227].
(See [Sun].)
Lightning, [75], [76], [242], [244], [245].
(See [Electric].)
Lily, [73].
(See [Flowers].)
Limited Express Train, [5].
Loaf-sugar, experiment, [188].
Lockyer’s Land, [130].
Lockyer’s Solar Physics, [59], [61], [236], [238].
Lombardy, [151].
London, [111].
Lost Pleiad (q. v.), [207].
Louis XV., [42].
Louis XVI., [221].
Lunar Alps (q. v.), [148], [149].
(See [Moon].)
Lunar Apennines (q. v.), [153].
Lunar Shadows, [36], [37], [39], [56].
Lyrids, [196], [200].
Macartney’s Lens, [103].
Maelstrom, [27].
Magic Lantern, simile, [220].
Magnesium, [236], [237].
Magnetic Needle, [81], [82], [84], [85], [87], [89].
Mammoth Cave, [40].
Man, chemistry of, [221], [233].
(See [Humanity].)
Manhattan Island, [111].
Mare Crisium, [143].
Mare Serenitatis, [143], [144].
Mars, [118], [128–132], [148].
Mason’s Publication, [137].
Matterhorn, [148], [167].
Mayflower, [5].
Meadows, [172].
Mecca, [175].
Medusa, [228].
Memnon, [234].
Mercator, [163], [165].
Mercury, [3], [118], [136], [229].
Messier, anecdote, [207].
Metals, melted, [103].
(See [Iron].)
Metaphysics, [70], [71].
Meteorites:
around Saturn, [124];
recent, [187];
lawsuit, [187], [188];
analyzed, [191], [192];
in Iowa, [199], [200];
swarm, [200];
cracking, [211].
Meteors, [98], [175–198];
(1868), [189].
(See [Falling], [Shooting].)
Meunier’s Investigations, [192].
Mexican Gulf, [38].
Microcosm, [222].
Micromegas, [223].
Microscope, [224].
Middle Ages, [91], [175].
Milky Way, [224], [225].
Milton, quoted, [14], [38].
Mind-causation, [70], [71].
Mirror, [102], [107].
Mississippi, [134].
Mites, [224].
Mizar, [207].
M’Leod’s Drawing, [44].
Monochromatic Light (q. v.), [63].
Montaigne of Limoges, [207].
Mont Blanc, [156].
Monte Rosa, [167].
Moon:
practical observations, [2];
newly studied, [3];
distance, [4–6];
size, [5], [6], [140], [156];
shadows (q. v.), [36], [125];
in sun-eclipse, [41];
planetary relations, [117–174];
and Jupiter, [127];
photograph, [137];
full, [141], [144], [147];
Man in the, [143];
mountains, [144];
craters, [147], [148];
temperature, [159];
airless, [160];
landscape (q. v.), [169];
age, [171];
broken up, [192];
like comet, [215].
(See [Lunar].)
Moslem Traditions, [175], [194].
(See [Arab].)
Moss, [160].
Mouchot’s Engravings, [109], [112].
Mountain Sickness, [50], [53].
Naples, [155], [157].
(See [Vesuvius].)
Napoleon, [80], [134].
Nasmyth’s Researches, [11], [12], [14], [24], [25], [140].
Nativity of Jesus, [229].
Nature’s Laws (q. v.), [176].
Nebulæ, [247].
Needle, [228].
(See [Cambric].)
Neptune, [121].
Nerves, none in camera, [47].
Nerve Transmission, [5], [6].
New Astronomy, [4], [75], [76], [117], [121], [171], [193], [222], [224], [227], [235], [246], [248].
(See [Old].)
Newcomb, Professor, [55].
Newspapers, printed by the sun, [74].
Newton, Professor, [191], [195–197].
Newton, Sir Isaac, [136], [203], [211];
on Comets, [215], [219].
Nightmare, [67].
Northern Crown, [208], [211], [230].
Novelists, theme for, [193], [228].
Nucleus, [11], [19], [216].
(See [Comets], [Corona].)
Oceans, [179].
Old Astronomy, [199], [203], [233].
(See [New].)
Organisms in sun (q. v.), [13].
Orion, [238], [239], [247].
Oxygen, [73].
Pacific Ocean, [180].
Palinurus, [243].
Parable, [224].
Paris:
Observatory, [42], [233], [247];
Exposition, [112].
Parker’s Lens, [103].
Peirce, Professor, [44].
Pennsylvania Coal, [97].
Penumbra, [11], [19], [20].
Perpignan, France, [42].
Perseus, [196].
Persian Rugs, [70].
Philadelphia, [88].
Philosopher’s Stone, [92].
Phœbus, [34].
Phosphorus, [221].
Photographic Plate, [71].
Photography, [9], [19], [128], [236], [237], [241], [244], [247], [248];
rapid, [242].
Photometer, [56], [108].
Photometry, [230].
Photosphere, [7], [17], [64].
Pickering, Professor, [132], [227], [228], [246].
Pico Summit, [148].
Piffard, Dr. H. G., [245].
Pike’s Peak, [50], [53–57], [60].
Pilgrim Fathers, [5].
Pine-boughs, [25].
Pine-trees, [60], [72].
Pittsburg Observations, [18], [19].
(See [Allegheny], [Langley].)
Planetoids, [196], [197], [229].
Planets:
condition, [97];
pulverized, [100];
and moon, [117–174];
isolated, [176].
(See [Jupiter], [Mars], [Mercury], [Saturn], [Sirius], [Stars].)
Plants, [72], [73].
(See [Flowers].)
Plato Crater, [147], [148], [151], [152].
Pleiades, [17], [231], [245].
(See [Lost].)
Plume, The, [19], [23], [24], [55].
Pointers, [208].
(See [Dipper].)
Poison, [222].
Polariscope, [49].
Polarization, [18].
Polarizing Eye-piece, [14], [18].
Polar Star, [230].
(See [Great Bear].)
Polyp, [152].
Pores, [24].
Pouillet’s Invention, [93].
Printing, indebtedness to the sun, [74].
Prism, [63], [64].
(See [Colors], [Scarlet].)
Proctor’s Observations, [14], [59], [69], [87].
Prospero’s Wand, [221].
Ptolemy, [155], [161].
Pyramids, [99], [117], [233], [234].
(See [Egypt].)
Pyrheliometer, [93].
Race, simile, [179].
Radiant Energy, [71], [74];
rate, [104].
Radiation, [101], [108].
Railway Explosion, [182], [183].
Railway, The, [156].
Rain, [111].
Rainbow, [70].
Ranyard’s Photographs, [50].
Red Sea, [116].
Reflection, [216].
Repulsive Force, [215].
Ribbons, [70], [236].
Rifts, [163], [164].
Rings, [123], [124], [152], [155].
(See [Saturn].)
Rockets, [67], [68].
Rocky Mountains, [88], [89], [180].
Roman Boy, [34].
Rope, [20], [26].
Rose-leaf, [63], [70].
(See [Leaves].)
Rowland’s Photographs, [237].
Ruskin, quoted, [29].
Russia, [134].
Rutherfurd Photographs, [8], [9], [137], [143], [155], [234].
Sal-ammoniac, [14], [25].
Salisbury Plain, [1], [2].
Sandstone, [192].
Saturn, [118], [119], [121], [123], [124], [127–129], [136], [215].
Saturnian Dwarfs, [223], [224].
Saul, comparison, [77].
Saxon Forefathers, [1], [2].
(See [Britain].)
Scarlet, [67].
(See [Colors].)
Schwabe, Hofrath, [76], [77], [87].
Scott, Sir Walter, quoted, [92].
Screen, [10], [35–37].
Seas, lunar (q. v.), [143].
Secchi, Father, [14], [15], [24], [25], [29], [30], [43], [59], [235].
Segmentations, [30], [31].
Self-luminosity, [215].
Sextant, [224].
Shadows. (See [Lunar].)
Shakspeare, quoted, [60], [220].
Sheaves, [68].
Shelbyville, [42], [43].
Sherman, observations at, [88].
Ship, comparison, [133].
(See [Steamer].)
Shooting-stars, [35], [193], [196], [198], [199].
(See [Falling], [Meteors].)
Sicily, [50].
(See [Etna].)
Siemens, Sir William, [111].
Sierra Nevada, [151], [160], [180].
Signal Service, [90].
Silicon, [107].
Sirius, [179], [222–224], [236–238].
Slits, [59], [63], [64].
Smoked Glass, [11].
Snow-flakes, [19], [35].
Snow-like Forms, [25].
Sodium, [237].
Solar Engine, [75], [109].
Solar Light (q. v.), [13].
Solar Physics, [4], [12], [14].
(See [Sun].)
Solar System, [228], [229].
South America (q. v.), [80].
South Carolina, meteors, [194], [195].
(See [Charleston].)
Southern Cross, [234].
Space, [181], [211], [224], [227], [229].
Spain, expedition, [44].
Sparks, [107], [108].
Spectra, [231], [237].
Spectres, [54], [55].
(See [Brocken].)
Spectroscope, [7], [50], [59], [61], [63], [64], [130], [176], [198], [219], [222], [233–235], [240].
Spectrum, [65], [235].
Spectrum Analysis, [12].
Speculations, [193].
Spinning-wheel, [115].
Springfield Observations, [44].
Spurs, [208], [212], [215].
Star of Bethlehem, [229].
(See [Tycho].)
Stars:
new study, [3];
location, [4];
size, [4], [230];
seen in darkness, [35];
self-shining suns, [35], [118];
host, [117];
variety, [118];
five, [118];
elements, atmosphere, [179];
showers (see [Meteors]), [195];
seen through comet, [212], [215];
chapter, [221–250];
analysis, children, [222];
distances, [223];
intervals, [224], [227], [229];
colors (q. v.), glory, [227];
new, fading, [230];
double, [233];
relation to man (q. v.), [233];
fixed, [233];
changing place, [234];
mass, [237];
ages, [238];
photographed, [244], [247];
chart, [247];
death, [248].
(See [Falling], [Planets], [Shooting].)
Steam, [74], [75].
Steamers, [21], [73], [115].
Steel, melted, [104–108].
(See [Iron].)
Stellar Spectra (q. v.), [222], [236], [237], [244], [245].
Stevenson, George, [111].
Stewart’s Observations, [88].
Stonehenge, [1–3].
Stones:
from heaven, [175], [176], [186], [187], [191], [193];
Iowa, [199], [200].
(See [Meteorites].)
Stonyhurst Records, [88].
Sumbawa Observations, [181].
Sunbeams:
lifting power, [72];
Laputa, [73];
printing, [74];
motes, [215].
(See [Light].)
Sun:
practical observations in Washington, [2], [3];
new study, [3];
surroundings, [4], [35–69];
distance, [4–6];
size, [5], [6];
a private, [6];
views, [6–12], [15], [16], [20];
details, [7];
fire, [8], [91], [92];
telescopic view, [8];
axis, [9];
revolutions, [10];
surface, [17];
paper record, [18];
heat (q. v.) and eye, [19];
drawings exaggerated, [29], [30];
something brighter, [32];
atmosphere, [33], [34];
slits, [59];
miniature, [64];
flames (q. v.), [69];
energy, 70–116 (see [Heat]);
versatile aid, [74];
children, [75], [222];
shrinkage, [99];
ground up, [100];
emissive power, [104];
constitution and appearance, [111];
god, [116];
self-shining, [118];
studied from mountains, [167];
affected by dust (q. v.), [185];
and comet, [216];
elements, [233];
a star, [237];
life, [238];
candle, [249];
anecdote, [250].
(See [Solar].)
Sunrise, [234].
Sunset, [181], [182].
(See [Twilight].)
Suns:
millions, [224];
dwindling, [227];
periods, [241].
Sun-spots, 1–34 passim;
ancient, [8];
early observations, [8];
changing, [9];
great, [10], [20], [24];
individuality, darker, [11];
leaves (q. v.), [11], [12];
how observed, [18], [19];
typical, [21], [22];
relative size, [20];
hook-shaped (see [Plume]), [24];
signs of chaos, [27];
double, [32];
weather, [76], [90];
periodicity, [76–78];
temperature, [83];
records, [85];
variations, [87];
(1870), [9], [15], [16], [20];
(1873), [20–24];
(1875), [25], [28], [30];
(1876), [30], [32];
(1882), [80], [83–86], [90].
Superga, [38].
Swift, Dean, [73], [131], [132].
(See [Gulliver].)
Sword Meteor (q. v.), [175].
Tacchini’s Investigations, [43], [49], [62], [66], [68].
Tail, [215], [216].
(See [Comets].)
Tan, [71].
Taylor, Bayard, [139].
Telephone, [84], [89].
Telescopes:
many, [17];
best, [134];
alone, [227], [230];
use, [233], [234].
Temperature, [101], [102], [108];
of space, [224], [227].
Terminator, [147].
Thermometer, [71], [93], [102];
low, [160], [163].
Time, small divisions, [241].
Tippoo Saib, [221].
Total Eclipse (q. v.), 39–48 passim, [55], [59].
Trees, lacking, [168].
Tribune, The New York, [84].
Trinity Church, [72].
Trocadéro, [112].
Trouvelot, E. L., [119], [123], [225].
Turin, [38].
Twilight, small, [38].
Tycho, [144], [229].
(See [Star].)
Tyndall, [98].
Umbra, [11], [12], [19], [20].
United States, comparison, [24].
Uranus, [3], [196].
Vapor, [28].
Vega, [235], [246].
Vegetables, [74].
Veils, [14], [17].
Venus, [118].
Vernier, [3].
Vesuvius:
crater, [155], [157];
eruption, [181], [183].
(See [Naples].)
Vibrations, [72].
Victoria, [115].
Viscous Fluid, [26].
Vital Force, [14].
Vogel, H. C., [64], [66].
Voids, [181], [227].
Volcanoes, [27], [28];
in moon, [167], [193].
Wandering Star, [101].
(See [Comets], [Falling].)
Washington:
Observatory, [2], [86–88];
telescope, [122];
Monument, [182].
Water, [152];
in man, [221].
Waterloo, [80].
Water-wheel, [111].
Watson’s Observations, [49].
Wheat, prices, [79].
(See [Breadstuffs], [Corn], [Grain], [Sun-spots].)
Wheel, comparison, [10].
Whirlpools, [28], [31].
Whirlwinds, [23], [31].
White Light (q. v.), [48], [62], [63].
Whitney, Mount, [177].
Willow-leaves (q. v.), [11], [12], [14].
Wing, simile, [215].
Winlock, Professor, [44].
Withered Surfaces, [168], [171].
Wood-engraving, [50].
Worlds and Clouds, [249].
Wrinkles, [172].
Xeres, Spain (q. v.), [44], [53].
Young, Professor:
spectroscope, [44], [50], [65], [234];
observations, [56], [59], [61], [68], [69];
magnetism, [87], [88];
radiation, [101].
Zodiacal Light, [55].

University Press: John Wilson & Son, Cambridge.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.