PHILADELPHIA & LONDON
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
1904
Copyright, 1904 By J. B. Lippincott Company
Published March, 1904
Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, U. S. A.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
| CHAPTER XV | |
|---|---|
| THE MOSLEM DOMINATION IN SICILY | |
| PAGE | |
| Classic Souvenirs of Sicily—Its Great Natural Advantages—Itbecomes the Stronghold of the Papacy—Invasionof the Arabs—They besiege Syracuse—Strength ofthat City—Failure of the Enterprise—Capture ofPalermo—Rapid Progress of the Moslems—Conditionof Italy—Arab Alliance with Naples—Messina taken—Betrayalof Castrogiovanni—Rout of the Greeks nearSyracuse—Feuds of the Conquerors—Their Successesin Italy—Second Siege of Syracuse—The City isstormed and destroyed by Ibn-Mohammed—Peril ofRome—Appearance of the Normans in the South ofEurope—They invade Sicily—Siege of Palermo—Subjectionof the Island—Influence of the Moslems overtheir Conquerors—General Condition of Sicily—ItsCivilization—Palermo and its Environs—Science, Art,and Literature—The Great Work of Edrisi—ArabOccupation of Sardinia, Crete, Corsica, and Malta | [1] |
| CHAPTER XVI | |
| THE PRINCIPALITIES OF MOORISH SPAIN | |
| Immobility of the African Race—Its Hostility to Civilization—ItsPernicious Influence on the Politics of theWestern Khalifate—Character of Suleyman—Invasionof Ali—He ascends the Throne—His Tyranny—He isassassinated—Abd-al-Rahman IV. succeeds Him—Yahya—Abd-al-RahmanV.—Mohammed—HischemIII.—Organization of the Council of State—Ibn-Djahwar,the Minister—His Talents and Power—Abul-Kasim-Mohammed,Kadi of Seville—Berber Conspiracy—TheImpostor Khalaf is raised to the Throneas Hischem II.—Almeria—The Vizier Ibn-Abbas—Influenceof the Jews at Granada—The Rabbi Samuel—Rivalry of Granada and Almeria—Abu-al-Fotuh—Motadhidascends the Throne of Seville—His Crueland Dissolute Character—His Collection of Skulls—Badis,King of Granada—Increasing Power of Castile—Valenciaand Malaga—Atrocities of the Christiansat Barbastro | [77] |
| CHAPTER XVII | |
| WARS WITH THE CHRISTIANS; THE ALMORAVIDES | |
| Dissensions in Castile—Alfonso the Guest of the Emir ofToledo—Civilization of that Moorish Capital—Motamid,Prince of Seville—His Prodigality—Valenciaand Murcia become subject to Mamun—Motamid takesCordova—Military Genius of Alfonso VI.—The FamousGame of Chess—Siege of Toledo—Capitulation of thatCity—Depredations of Bands of Outlaws—Danger andDistress of the Moslems—Rise of the Almoravides—TheirFanaticism and Prowess—They conquer NorthernAfrica—The Spanish Emirs appeal to Yusuf—Hecrosses the Strait—Rout of the Christians at Zallaca—SecondExpedition of Yusuf—His Popularity—Heclaims the Sovereignty of the Peninsula—The Cid:His Character and His Exploits—He serves the Emirof Saragossa—He obtains Control of Valencia—Revoltand Siege of that City—Cruelties of the Cid—Deathof Yusuf—Greatness of the Almoravide Empire—Accessionof Ali—Demoralization of the Conquerors | [159] |
| CHAPTER XVIII | |
| THE EMPIRE OF THE ALMOHADES | |
| Rise of Abu-Abdallah, the Mahdi—His Character andTalents—He rebels against Ali—His Eventful Career—Abd-al-Mumensucceeds Him—Decline of the AlmoravidePower in Spain—Raid of Alfonso of Aragon—Routof Fraga—Death of Alfonso—IndecisiveCharacter of the Campaigns in the War of the Reconquest—Progressof Abd-al-Mumen in Africa—Victoriesof the Almohades—Natural Hostility ofMoor and Berber—Anarchy in the Peninsula—It is invadedby the Africans—Establishment of the AlmohadeEmpire in Andalusia—Almeria taken by the Christians—ItsRecapture by the Berbers—Death of Abd-al-Mumen—HisGenius and Greatness—Accession ofYusuf—His Public Works—He organizes a Great Expedition—Hedies and is succeeded by Yakub—TheHoly War proclaimed—Battle of Alarcos—Effects ofAfrican Supremacy—Death of Yakub—The Giralda—Mohammed—Heattempts the Subjugation of theChristians—Despair of the Latter—Battle of LasNavas de Tolosa—Utter Rout of the Almohade Army | [247] |
| CHAPTER XIX | |
| THE PROGRESS OF THE CHRISTIAN ARMS | |
| General Disorder in the Peninsula—Aggressive Policy ofthe Christians—Capture of Ubeda—Al-Mamun—Riseof Mohammed-Ibn-Hud—Merida taken by the Kingof Leon—Prosperity of Barcelona—Jaime I. of Aragon—Siegeof Majorca—Terrible Sack of that City—Extinctionof the Almohades—Siege and Capture ofCordova by Ferdinand—Valencia surrenders to theKing of Aragon—Character of the Struggle betweenChristian and Moslem—Xativa—Its Prosperity—Murciabecomes the Property of Castile—Xativa acquiredby Aragon—Death and Character of Jaime—Riseof the Kingdom of Granada—Its Wealth andLiterary Culture—Ferdinand captures Jaen—Mohammed-Ibn-Ahmar,King of Granada, renders Homageto Ferdinand—Seville invested by the Castilians—GreatStrength of that City—Its Obstinate Defence—Itis reduced by Famine—Character of Ferdinand theSaint | [334] |
| CHAPTER XX | |
| PROSECUTION OF THE RECONQUEST | |
| Condition of Moorish Spain after the Death of FerdinandIII.—Invasion of Ibn-Yusuf—Vast Wealth and Powerof the Spanish Clergy—Public Disorder—Energy ofMohammed I.—His Achievements—Mohammed II.—Peacewith Castile—Character of Alfonso X.—Siege ofTarifa—Mohammed III.—Al-Nazer—Ismail—Bazataken—Mohammed IV.—The Empire of Fez—Defeatof the Africans in the Plain of Pagana—Yusuf—Routof the Salado—Alfonso XI. captures Algeziras—SplendidPublic Works of the Kings of Granada—MohammedV.—Ismail II.—Abu-Said—He repairs tothe Court of Pedro el Cruel, and is murdered—YusufII.—Mohammed VI.—Yusuf III.—Mohammed VII.—MohammedVIII.—Ibn-Ismail—Gibraltar taken bythe Castilians—Character of Muley Hassan—CriticalCondition of the Spanish Arabs—Impending Destructionof the Kingdom of Granada | [418] |
| CHAPTER XXI | |
| THE LAST WAR WITH GRANADA | |
| Description of Granada—Its Wealth, Prosperity, and Civilization—ItsCities—Beauty and Splendor of theCapital—The Alhambra—Condition and Power of theSpanish Monarchy—Character of Ferdinand—Characterof Isabella—Muley Hassan and His Family—Stormingof Zahara—Alhama surprised by the Christians—Siegeof that City and Repulse of the Moors—Seditionat Granada—Ferdinand routed at Loja—Forayof Muley Hassan—Expedition to the Ajarquia—Defeatand Massacre of the Castilians—Boabdil attacksLucena and is captured—Destructive Foray ofthe Christians—Boabdil is released and returns toGranada—Renewal of Factional Hostility in theMoorish Capital—Moslem and Christian PredatoryInroads—Siege and Capture of Ronda—Embassy fromFez—Al-Zagal becomes King—Defeat of the Court ofCabra at Moclin—Division of the Kingdom of Granada—ItsDisastrous Effects | [510] |
| CHAPTER XXII | |
| TERMINATION OF THE RECONQUEST | |
| Summary of the Causes of the Decay of the Moslem Empire—Lojataken by Storm—Progress of the Feud betweenAl-Zagal and Boabdil—The Christians assist theLatter—Anarchy in Granada—Siege of Velez—IneffectualAttempt of Al-Zagal to relieve it—Surrenderof the City—Situation of Malaga—Its Delightful Surroundings—ItsVast Commercial and ManufacturingInterests—It is invested by Ferdinand—DesperateResistance of the Garrison—Its Sufferings—Capitulationof the City—Enslavement of the Population—Duplicityof the Spanish Sovereigns—War with Al-Zagal—Siegeof Baza—Discontent of the ChristianSoldiery—Energy and Firmness of the Queen—Embassyfrom the Sultan—Baza surrenders—Al-Zagalrelinquishes His Crown—War with Boabdil—The LastCampaign—Blockade of Granada—Distress of ItsInhabitants—Submission of the Capital—Fate ofBoabdil—Isabella the Inspiring Genius of the Conquest | [595] |
HISTORY OF THE MOORISH EMPIRE IN EUROPE
