PLINY'S VILLA.
"Seventeen miles from Rome; so that, having finished my affairs in town, I can pass my evenings here without breaking in upon the business of the day. There are two different roads to it: if you go by that of Laurentum, you must turn off at the fourteenth mile; if by Ostia, at the eleventh." (See Letter to Gallus, ii. 17.) Three miles inland is Capocotta, the site of Laurentum, the capital of Latium. Five miles off is Pratica, the ancient Lavinium, founded by Æneas.
LIST OF EMPERORS.
| | REIGNED. |
| | Years. | B.C. A.D. |
| Augustus | 40 | 27–14 |
| | A.D. |
| Tiberius | 23 | 14–37 |
| Caligula | 4 | 37–41 |
| Claudius | 13 | 41–54 |
| Nero | 14 | 54–68 |
| Galba | | 68–69 |
| Otho | | 69 |
| Vitellius | | 69 |
| Vespasian | 10 | 69–79 |
| Titus | 2 | 79–81 |
| Domitian | 15 | 81–96 |
| Nerva | 2 | 96–98 |
| Trajan | 19 | 98–117 |
| Hadrian | 21 | 117–138 |
| Antoninus Pius | 23 | 138–161 |
| { M. Aurelius | 19 | 161–180 |
| { L. Verus | 8 | 161–169 |
| Commodus | 12 | 180–192 |
| Pertinax | | 193 |
| Julianus | | 193 |
| Niger | | 194 |
| Septimius Severus | 18 | 193–211 |
| Albinus | 4 | 193–197 |
| { Caracalla | 6 | 211–217 |
| { Geta | 1 | 211–212 |
| Macrinus | 1 | 217–218 |
| Elagabalus | 4 | 218–222 |
| Alexander Severus | 13 | 222–235 |
| Uranius | | 223 |
| Maximinus | 3 | 235–238 |
| { Gordianus I. | | 238 |
| { Gordianus II. | | 238 |
| { Pupienus Maximus | | 238 |
| { Balbinus | | 238 |
| Gordianus III. | 6 | 238–244 |
| Philippus | 5 | 244–249 |
| Marinus | | 249 |
| Jotapinus | | 249 |
| Decius | 2 | 249–251 |
| Trebonianus Gallus | 3 | 251–254 |
| Æmilianus | | 253 |
| Volusianus | | 254 |
| { Valerian | 7 | 253–260 |
| { Gallienus | 15 | 253–268 |
| Macrianus | 2 | 260–262 |
| Regillianus | 2 | 261–263 |
| Postumus | 9 | 258–267 |
| Lælianus | | 267 |
| Victorinus | 2 | 265–267 |
| Marius | | 268 |
| Claudius II. | 2 | 268–270 |
| Quintillus | | 270 |
| Aurelian | 5 | 270–275 |
| Vabalathus | 5 | 266–271 |
| Tetricus | 5 | 268–273 |
| Tacitus | 1 | 275–276 |
| Florianus | | 276 |
| Probus | 6 | 276–282 |
| Bonosus | | 280 |
| Carus | 1 | 282–283 |
| { Carinus | 1 | 283–284 |
| { Numerianus | 1 | 283–284 |
| Julianus | | 284 |
| { Diocletian | 21 | 284–305 |
| { Maximianus | 19 | 286–305 |
| Carausius | 6 | 287–293 |
| Allectus | 4 | 293–297 |
| Constantius I. Chlorus | 1 | 305–306 |
| Galerius | 6 | 305–311 |
| Severus | 1 | 306–307 |
| Maximinus | 5 | 308–313 |
| Maxentius | 6 | 306–312 |
| Alexander | | 311 |
| Constantinus I. (the Great) | 31 | 306–337 |
| Licinius | 16 | 307–323 |
| { Constantinus II. | 3 | 337–340 |
| { Constantius II. | 24 | 337–361 |
| { Constans I. | 13 | 337–350 |
| Nepotianus | | 350 |
| Vetranio | 1 | 350–351 |
| Magnentius | 3 | 350–353 |
| Decentius | 2 | 351–353 |
| Constantius Gallus | 3 | 351–354 |
| Julianus II. | 2 | 361–363 |
| Jovianus | 1 | 363–364 |
| WESTERN EMPIRE. |
| Valentinianus I. | 11 | 364–375 |
| Valens | 14 | 364–378 |
| Procopius | 1 | 365–366 |
| Gratian | 16 | 367–383 |
| Valentinianus II. | 17 | 375–392 |
| Theodosius I. (Emperor of the West as well as of the East) | 3 | 392–395 |
| Maximus | 5 | 383–388 |
| Eugenius | 2 | 392–394 |
| Honorius | 28 | 395–423 |
| Constantius III. | | 421 |
| Constantinus III. | 4 | 407–411 |
| Constans | 3 | 408–411 |
| Maximus | 2 | 409–411 |
| Jovinus | 2 | 411–413 |
| Sebastianus | 1 | 412–413 |
| Priscus Attalus | 7 | 409–416 |
| Johannes | 2 | 423–425 |
| Theodosius II. (Emperor of the West as well as of the East) | 2 | 423–425 |
| Valentinian III. | 30 | 425–455 |
| Petronius Maximus | | 455 |
| Avitus | 1 | 455–456 |
| Majorianus | 4 | 457–461 |
| Libius Severus III. | 4 | 461–465 |
| Anthemius | 5 | 467–472 |
| Olybrius | | 472 |
| Glycerius | 1 | 473–474 |
| Julius Nepos | 1 | 474–475 |
| Romulus Augustulus | 1 | 475–476 |
| EASTERN EMPIRE. |
| Valens | 14 | 364–378 |
| Theodosius I. | 17 | 378–395 |
| Arcadius | 13 | 395–408 |
| Theodosius II. | 42 | 408–450 |
| Marcian | 7 | 450–457 |
| Leo I. (Thrax) | 17 | 457–474 |
| Leo II. | | 474 |
| Zeno | 17 | 474–491 |
LIST OF KINGS OF ROME.
| | A.U.C. | B.C. |
| Romulus | 1 | 753 |
| Numa Pompilius | | 716 |
| Tullus Hostilius | | 673 |
| Ancus Martius | | 640 |
| Tarquinius I. | | 616 |
| Servius Tullius | | 578 |
| Tarquinius II. | | 534 |
HISTORICAL PERIODS.
| B.C. |
| Foundation of Rome | April 21, 753 |
| Rome ruled by kings | 753–510 |
| Republican period—consuls | 510–27 |
| Dictatorship instituted | 501 |
| Decemvirs governed | 540 |
| Gauls take Rome | 398 |
| Consuls re-established | 366 |
| Rome governs the whole of Italy | 266 |
| Carthage destroyed | 146 |
| First Triumvirate | 60 |
| Cæsar assassinated | 44 |
| The Empire ruled from Rome | 27 B.C.-306 A.D. |
| Empire divided | 337 |
| Fall of Western Empire | 476 |
| Rome the capital of United Italy | 1870 |
VISITOR'S ROMAN DIRECTORY