PLAN OF THE PALATINE HILL AND PALACE OF THE CÆSARS
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Itinerary for Visiting the Palatine.

Turn to the left when through Entrance Gate.

Follow the Nos.Subject.Page.
1.Entrance.
2.Palace of Caligula.[79]
3.Palace of Tiberius.[79]
4.Temple of Cybele.[76]
5.Altar of Apollo.[75]
6.Temple of Roma Quadrata.[75]
7.Arches of Romulus.[72]
8.Porta Carmenta.[73]
9.Temple of Victory.[77]
9 A.Shrine of Maiden Victory.[77]
10.House of Germanicus.[78]
11.Crypto-Portico.[78]
12.Site of the Murder of Caligula.[78]
13.Temple of Jupiter Stator.[76]
14.Porta Mugonia.[73]
15.Lararium.[71]
16.Basilica.[82]
17.Palace of Domitian.[81]
18.House of Augustus.[78]
19.Curiæ Veteres.[76]
20.Auditorium.[81]
21.Temple of Jupiter Victor.[77]
22.Path, down.
23.Path, left.
24.Buildings of Domitian.[80]
25.Palace of Commodus.[84]
26.Stadium.[83]
27.Odeum.[83]
28.Path, up, turn right.
29.Palace of Septimius Severus.[84]
30.Nymphæum of Marcus Aurelius.[83]
31.Path, down through garden.
32.Gelotiana.[79]
33.Piece of the Second Wall of Rome.[xviii.]
34.Path, round base of hill.
35.Altar to Aius Loquens.[77]
36.Walls of Romulus.[72]
37.Reservoir.
38, 39.Walls of Romulus.[71]
40.Porta Romana.[73]
41.Walls of Romulus, cliff.[71]

The foundations of most magnificent buildings of the imperial times lie buried in the gardens. The paintings on the walls are in themselves sufficient to give us an idea of the splendour of the internal decorations of the Roman palaces. The streets, temples, palaces, &c., are full of interest. Some beautiful views may be had from various parts of the gardens, from the height near the entrance, as well as looking over the site of the Circus Maximus, which occupied the valley between the Palatine and Aventine Hills.

In our description of the Palatine we have classed the remains in chronological order. In the accompanying plan they are numbered in the order in which they are best visited. The numbers correspond with those placed by the title of the different ruins in the Guide; so that the visitor can follow the numbers consecutively in his ramble, and turn to the corresponding number for the description. We only treat of the actual remains.

THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE PALATINE.

In studying the Palatine Hill, the topography presents the first difficulty. It must be borne in mind that the form of the hill has undergone many important changes since the days of Romulus, and, as seen by us, is very different from what it was when Romulus built his city. Now it presents a lozenge-shaped form; then it was oblong and smaller. Our theory is, that if a line be drawn from about the Arch of Titus across the hill, that part to the right or west was the extent of the hill in the time of Romulus; and that to the left or east, formerly "the pastures round the old town" (Varro), now presenting the form of a hill, was no hill then. From a careful survey of the part to the left of our line, we find it to be artificially formed of imperial ruins upon the top of ruins, rubbish, and accumulation of soil, and not of rock or solid earth. This new light does away with innumerable difficulties in studying the form of Roma Quadrata, and presents to us instead a very simple story.

If the hill had been of the same form then as now, Romulus would have occupied the whole of it: this he certainly did not do, as his walls are to the right of our line; and it is not likely that he would have left part of the hill outside his boundary to command his city or to be occupied by foes.