[20] Voyages à Peking, Vol. II., p. 214. Compare the letter of a Jesuit missionary (Annales de la Foi, Tome VII., p. 377), who describes houses of rest on the wayside. These singular road-gullies of the loess region have been very thoroughly examined by Baron von Richthofen, from whose work the cut [above] is taken.
[21] Penny Cyclopædia, Vol. XXVII., p. 656.
[22] Chinese Repository, Vol. XIV., p. 105. Shanghai Journal, No. III., 1859. Journal of Indian Archipelago, 1852. Missionary Recorder, Vol. III., pp. 33, 62, 149, etc. T. T. Cooper, Travels of a Pioneer of Commerce, passim.
[23] For observations on the Chinese as compared with other nations, see Schlegel’s Philosophy of History, p. 118, Bohn’s edition.
[24] Bridgman’s Chinese Chrestomathy, p. 420. Macao, 1841.
[25] Compare an article in the China Review for September-October, 1881, by H. Fritsche: The Amount of Rain and Snow in Peking.
[26] Annales de la Foi, Tome XVI., p. 293.
[27] Chinese Repository, Vol. VIII., p. 230; Vol. IV., p. 197. See also Fritsche’s paper in Journal of N. C. Branch Royal Asiatic Society, No. XII., 1878, pp. 127-335; also Appendix II. in No. X., containing observations taken at Zi-ka-wei.
[28] Chinese Repository, Vol. IV., p. 54.
[29] This word should not be written Pekin; it is pronounced Pei-ching by the citizens, and by most of the people north of the Great River.