[80] French bishop Palafox gives still another account of the capture of Canton; his statement contains, however, one or two glaring errors. Vid. Histoire de la Conquête de la Chine par les Tartares, pp. 150 ff.
[81] Dr. Kerr, Canton Guide.
[82] Chinese Repository, Vol. II., pp. 145, 191, &c.
[83] This word is derived from the Chinese hong or hang, meaning a row or series, and is applied to warehouses because these consist of a succession of rooms. The foreign factories were built in this manner, and therefore the Chinese called each block a hong; the old security-merchants were dubbed hong-merchants, because they lived in such establishments.
[84] Chinese Repository, passim. An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China. By Sir A. Ljungstedt. Boston, 1836.
[85] Palafox, Conquête de la Chine, p. 172.
[86] Embassy (of Lord Amherst) to China, Moxon’s ed., 1840, p. 98.
[87] E. C. Taintor, Geographical Sketch of the Island of Haïnan, with map. Canton, 1868. Journal N. C. Br. R. A. S., No. VII., Arts. I., II., and III. China Review, Vols. I., p. 124, and II., p. 332. N. B. Dennys, Report on the newly-opened ports of Kiungchow (Hoihau) in Hainan, and Haiphong in Tonquin. Hongkong, 1878.
[88] Chinese Repository, Vol. XIV., pp. 171 ff.
[89] Chinese Repository, Vol. I., p. 29; Vol. XIV., pp. 105-117; G. T. Lay, Chinese as They Are, p. 316; Journal of N. C. Branch of Royal Asiatic Society, No. III., 1859, and No. VI., 1869. Chinese Recorder, Vols. II., p. 265, and III., pp. 33, 74, 96, 134 and 147. Peking Gazette for 1872. China Review, Vol. V., p. 92.