[147] Rémusat relates the story of his origin, Mélanges Posthumes, p. 400.
[148] Klaproth, Description du Tubet.
[149] Authorities on Tibet besides those already referred to: Journal Asiatique, Tomes IV., p. 281; VIII., p. 117; IX., p. 31; XIV., pp. 177, ff. 277, 406, etc. Du Halde, Description of China, Vol. II., pp. 384-388. Capt. Samuel Turner, Account of an Embassy to the Court of Teshoo Lama in Tibet, London, 1800. Histoire de ce qui s’est passé au Royaume du Tibet, en l’année 1626; trad. de l’Italien. Paris, 1829. P. Kircher, China Illustrata. MM. Péron et Billecocq, Recueil de Voyages du Thibet, Paris, 1796. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, passim. Chinese Repository, Vols. VI., pp. 28, 494, IX., p. 26, and XIII., p. 505. Ritter, Asien, Bd. II., 4er Abschnitt, and Bd. III., S. 137-424. Richthofen, China, Bd. I., S. 228, 247, 466, 670, 683, etc. C. H. Desgodin, La mission du Tibet de 1855 à 1870, comprennant l’exposé des affaires religieuses, etc. D’après les lettres de M. l’abbé Desgodins, missionaire apostolique, Verdun, 1872. Lieut. Kreitner, Im fernen Osten, pp. 829 ff., and in The Popular Science Monthly, for August, 1882. Emil Schlagintweit, Tibetan Buddhism, Illustrated by Literary Documents and Objects of Religious Worship, London, 1863. Abbé Huc, Travels through Tartary, Tibet and China, 2 vols.
[150] This careful digest is contained in the Journal Asiatique for 1836 (April and May), and will repay perusal.
[151] The population of the Roman Empire at the same period is estimated at 85,000,000 by Merivale (Vol. IV., pp. 336-343), but the data are less complete than in China; he reckons the European provinces at 45,000,000, and the Asiatic and African colonies at the remainder, giving 27,000,000 to Asia Minor and Syria. The area of China, at this time, was less than Rome by about one-fourth.
[152] Sir G. Staunton, Embassy to China, Vol. II., Appendix, p. 615: “Table of the Population and Extent of China proper, within the Great Wall. Taken in round numbers from the Statements of Chow ta-zhin.”
[153] This interesting subject can then be left with the reader, who will find further remarks in Medhurst’s China, De Guignes’ Voyages à Peking, The Missionaries, in Tomes VI. and VIII. of Mémoires, Ed. Biot, in Journal Asiatique for 1836. The Numerical Relations of the Population of China during the 4,000 Years of its Historical Existence; or the Rise and Fall of the Chinese Population, by T. Sacharoff. Translated into English by the Rev. W. Lobscheid, Hongkong, 1862. Notes and Queries on China and Japan, Vol. II., pp. 88, 103, and 117.
[154] Sacred Edict, pp. 51, 60.
[155] China: Its State and Prospects, p. 42.
[156] Ta Tsing Leu Lee; being the Fundamental Laws, etc., of the Penal Code of China, by Sir G. T. Staunton, Bart., London, 1810. Section CCXXV.