[1] By Land and Sea. As rivals, both Cortez and Mendoza strove to be beforehand with each other. Cortez despatched Ulloa from Acapulco, northward, July, 1539. Alarcon, sailing by Mendoza's order in 1540, goes to the head of the Gulf of California, and so finds the Colorado River, while a land force, under Coronado, marched north to act in concert with Alarcon.
[2] Survivors of Narvaez' Expedition (Florida, 1528). The chief among these was Alvar Nuñez, sometimes called Cabeça de Vaca (literally cow's head), who had been treasurer to the expedition of Narvaez.
[3] Cibola. The Zuñi country of our own day. Supposed to be derived from Cibolo, the Mexican bull, and therefore applied to the country of the bison. Cibola is on an English map of 1652 in my possession. Zuñi is thirty miles south of Fort Wingate.
[4] Poor Barefooted Friar was Marco de Niza (Mark of Nice), a friar of the Franciscan order. For a long time his story was doubted. It is, in fact, an exaggerated account of what is, clearly, a true occurrence.
[5] Vasquez de Coronado. (See [note 1.])
[6] Colorado (Co-lor-ah´-doe) Spanish, meaning ruddy or red. First called Tizon, meaning a firebrand.
[7] Gila, pronounced Hee'la.
[8] Rio Grande del Norte, Spanish, Great River of the North. Usually called, simply, Rio Grande.
[9] New Biscay. Northernmost province of Mexico, capital Chihuahua (Shee´wah´wah).
[10] By Christians. Cabeça de Vaca and his companions.