Edward Brown, Esq., of Broseley, bequeathed £200 to the minister and churchwardens for the time being of Bethnall in the county of Salop, on trust to invest the same in funds, or government or real securities, and to apply the interest in repairing and maintaining the vault and tombstone of his late brother in-law, Sir Humphrey Charlton, situated in the church yard at Benthall, and to apply the surplus to the relief of poor persons from time to time resident in the parish.
Posenhall is an extra parochial liberty, contiguous to Benthall, which at the census of 1841 is returned as containing five houses and twenty-two inhabitants. There is only one farm here, which is in the occupancy of Mr. Thomas Pitt; there is also an earthenware manufactory: the names will be found included in the Benthall directory.
Directory.—Edwin Bathurst, earthenware manufacturer, Benthall Pottery; John and Edward Burton, farmers and brick makers; Joseph Currier, shopkeeper; John Duckett, timber merchant; Rev. Thomas H. Edwards, B.A., curate, Benthall House; Mary Gother, vict., Britannia Inn; John Gother, joiner; Hiram Hill, lime burner, residence, Broseley; Joshua Instone, blacksmith; John Jones, vict., Leopard Inn; Warren Taylor Jones, earthenware manufacturer, Posenhall Pottery; John Patten, lime burner and barge owner; Ann Pitt, farmer; Thomas Pitt, farmer, Posenhall; Edward Roden, farmer and corn miller; Mary Roden, farmer; Noah Roden, tobacco pipe manufacturer; James Shepard, maltster.
BROSELEY,
anciently written Burwardsley, is a parish and considerable market town in the Wenlock franchise, four miles east from Much Wenlock, 13 miles south-east from Shrewsbury, and 146 miles north-west from London. The town is seated on an eminence above the Severn, and consists principally of one long irregular built street, with minor streets branching off in different directions. The houses are mostly of brick, some of them of respectable appearance, interspersed with others of a more humble description, inhabited chiefly by miners and the operatives employed in the brick and iron works. It stands in the middle of an extensive mining district, in which coal and ironstone are obtained; and there is an extensive iron foundry here, with others in the immediate vicinity. The town and neighbourhood are also famous for the manufacture of fire bricks and tobacco pipes, which are exported to all parts of the kingdom. Broseley is the only place in England where the celebrated glazed tobacco pipes are manufactured, and it is supposed this was the first place where the manufacture of this article commenced; upwards of two centuries ago they were made from clay procured in this locality, now the clay got here is used for the manufacture of bricks, tiles and earthenware, and the pipeclay is procured from Devonshire and Cornwall. Messrs. William Southron and Co. have an extensive establishment for the manufacture of the glazed pipes, employing upwards of forty operatives, and using forty tons of the Devonshire pipeclay annually. The bricks and tiles made at Broseley are not surpassed by any in the kingdom; there are several extensive establishments conducted by the Messrs. Davies and others. The parish contains 1,970a. 3r. 24p. of land, the principal owners of which are Lord Forester: Francis Harrison, Esq.; John Onions, Esq.; John Davenport, Esq.; and William Taylor, Esq. There are also a number of other freeholders. At the census in 1801, this parish had a population of 4,832 souls; 1831, 4,299; 1841, 4,829, and in 1851 there were 4,738 inhabitants, of whom 2,229 were males, and 2,509 females: at the latter period there were 1,005 inhabited houses, 43 uninhabited, and two building; rateable value of the parish, £7,891. 8s. 6d. The market held on a Wednesday is not very numerously attended. Fairs are held on the last Tuesday in April, and October 28th. The Market Hall is a brick structure, situated in High street, built about the year 1779. The Court Room, over the market hall, contains a fine oak chair beautifully carved, and dated 1626; in this room the petty sessions are held every six weeks. Here also was formerly held the court of requests, which had jurisdiction in eight of the neighbouring parishes; this, however, has been superseded by the new County Court Act.
The Church, dedicated to All Saints, is a free-stone structure, consisting of nave, chancel and side aisles, with a square tower in which are six bells; the nave is separated from the side aisles by five pointed arches on each side; over the side aisles and at the west end are galleries; upon the latter is placed an organ. The church was rebuilt in 1845, and in consequence of a grant of £400 from the Incorporated Society, 694 of the sittings are free and unappropriated for ever; there is now accommodation for 1,200 hearers; it is neatly fitted up with oak sittings, and the roof is of groined timber. The old church was a brick structure, with a low tower of free stone, and had sittings for 782 persons. The living is a rectory, valued in the king’s book at £7. 18s. 6d., in the patronage of Lord Forester: incumbent, the Hon. and Rev. Orlando Watkin Weld Forester, M.A.; curate, Rev. Andrew Burn, B.A. The tithes are commuted for £453. The Baptists have small chapels in Duke street and on Harris’s Green. The Independents have a chapel in Duke street. The Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel at Duke street and one at Coalford. The Primitive Methodists have a chapel at Broseley Wood. The National School is held in a spacious room over the Market Hall, which measures sixty-one feet long and twenty-one feet broad. The average attendance of scholars at the present time is one hundred and ninety-five.
Jackfield is a populous hamlet, in the parish of Broseley, stretching along the banks of the Severn, and situated near a mile north of the parish church. Here the inhabitants are busily engaged in extensive works for the manufacture of bricks and tiles. At this place is also situated the Ivanhoe Pottery, an establishment conducted by Mr. George Proudman, where all kinds of earthenware are manufactured. The clay used in the manufacture is got from mines on the premises, and is found in regular layers above the coal and limestone; some of the mines extend to the depth of one hundred yards. The Church (or Chapel of Ease) at Jackfield is a handsome brick structure, with stone finishings, consisting of nave and chancel, with a square tower. It is situated on an eminence overlooking Ironbridge and a part of Coalbrook Dale. It is dedicated to St. Mary, and was built in 1759, by Francis Turner Blythe, Esq. The interior has a neat appearance, and on the south side there is a neat marble tablet to the memory of Alexander Brodie, Esq., ironmaster, of Calcutt, who died June 5th, 1830. Another neat tablet remembers the founder of the church, Francis T. Blythe, Esq., who died September 22nd, 1770, aged 61 years. There is also a tablet to Thomas Carter Phillips, Esq., who died in 1783. The National School is a commodious brick structure, erected in the year 1844. The school-room is used as a place of worship on Sunday and Wednesday evenings. The rector and curate of Broseley officiate alternately.
Not far from Jackfield formerly stood the ancient mansion of the Tuckies. About sixty years ago this house was repaired for Lord Dundonald, father of Lord Cochrane, who resided here a considerable time, making chemical experiments, among the principal of which was that of extracting tar from coals. For this purpose many kilns or ovens were erected on the banks of the Severn, and the process was conducted in the following manner:—“A range of stoves was supplied with coal kept burning at the bottom; the smoke was conveyed by horizontal tunnels into a capacious funnel built of brick, supported by arches, and covered on the top by a shallow pond of water. The smoke, condensed by the chill of the water, fell on the bottom of the funnel in the form of tar, and was conveyed by pipes into a receiver, whence it was pumped into a large boiler, and boiled to a proper consistence, or otherwise inspissated into pitch; the volatile parts which arose during this inspissation were again condensed into oil used for varnish.” Great quantities of this useful article were sent for the use of the navy, and much of it was used in japanning. Lord Dundonald expended large sums of money in these undertakings, which were unsuccessful as to profitable remuneration. On the site of these operations was afterwards erected the great iron foundry where so many cannon were cast by Mr. Brodie during the late war.
A most melancholy accident occurred near Broseley on October 23rd, 1799. The passage boat in crossing the Severn, which at this place is very rapid, was overturned. There were forty-one persons in the boat who were employed in the china works of Messrs. Rose and Co., of these thirteen only escaped, the remaining twenty-eight were all drowned. Tradition states that a large house in Broseley was formerly in possession of some Dutchmen, who had a mint for coining money secreted in cellars under the house. They lived in a very expensive style, and kept race horses. There is a curious fossil found here in the stratum of coal resembling a fish with the head and tail cut off. It is covered with scales, and measures about eight inches long. Its solidity is much greater than the substance in which it is infolded, and when broken appears like limestone; if thrown into the fire it explodes with considerable violence.
In the year 1711 a very remarkable inflammable spring was discovered at Broseley, of which the Rev. Mr. Mason, professor at Cambridge, gives the following account:—“The well for four or five feet deep is six or seven feet wide, within that is another hole of like depth, dug in clay; in the bottom whereof is placed a cylindric earthern vessel, of about four or five inches diameter at the mouth, having the bottom taken off, and the sides well fixed in, the clay rammed close about it. Within the pot is a brown water as thick as puddle continually forced up with a violent motion, beyond that of boiling water, and a rumbling hollow noise rising and falling by fits; but there was no appearance of any vapour arising, which perhaps might have been visible had not the sun shone so bright. Upon putting the candle down at the end of a stick, at a quarter of a yard distance, it took fire, darting and flashing after a very violent manner, for about half a yard high, much in the manner of spirits in a lamp, but with great agitation. It was said that a tea kettle had been made to boil in about nine minutes time, and that it had been left burning for forty-eight hours without any sensible diminution. It was extinguished by putting a wet mop upon it, which it was necessary to keep there for a considerable time, otherwise it would not go out. Upon the removal of the mop there arises a sulphurous smoke, lasting about a minute, and yet the water is cold to the touch. The cause of this inflammable property is most probably the mixture of the waters with petroleum, which is one of the most inflammable substances in nature, and has the property of burning on the surface of water.” In the year 1755 this well entirely disappeared by the sinking of a coal pit in its neighbourhood.