Near this town, during the desolating wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, a desperate conflict took place at Blore Heath, on the borders of Staffordshire, which proved very disastrous to numbers of the Cheshire gentry, and many of the principal families of the adjoining district. The battle took place on the 23rd of September, 1459, when Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, commanded the forces of the white rose, and had an army of 5,000 men encamped on a hill near Market Drayton. He was opposed by James Touchet, Lord Audley, on the part of the red rose, with an army of 10,000. Though so disproportionate in numbers, the army of Salisbury proved victorious: 2,400 men are said to have been slain in this bloody conflict, together with their brave and loyal chief, who fell by the hand of Robert Kynaston, Esq., of Hordley, a zealous partizan of the house of York. In a field adjoining the turnpike road from Market Drayton to Newcastle, a stone has been set up to mark the spot where Lord Audley fell. What rendered the battle more calamitous was, that the principal families ranged nearly in equal numbers on the side of each of the contending parties. The old English poet, Michael Drayton, in his “Polyalbion,” represents the conflict as partaking of the form of a duel, in which one relative falls a sacrifice to the resentment of the other:—
“There Dutton Dutton kills; a Done doth kill a Done;
A Booth a Booth; and Leigh by Leigh is overthrown;
A Venables against a Venables doth stand,
A Troutbeck fighteth with a Troutbeck hand to hand;
There Molineux doth make a Molineux to die,
And Egerton the strength of Egerton doth try.
O Cheshire! wert thou mad of thine own native gore,
So much until this day thou never shedd’st before;
Above two thousand men upon the earth were thrown,
Of whom the greater part were naturally thine own.”
Thomas Whitfield, Esq., of Drayton, has in his possession the crest of the Egertons, a sword handle, and a brass stirrup, richly ornamented and in good preservation, which were found about thirty years ago on the field of battle. During the struggles between Charles I. and the parliament, a skirmish took place in the neighbourhood of Drayton, between the King’s party, under the command of Prince Rupert, and the parliamentary forces under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax, when the royal cause gained a temporary success.
The Market Drayton Savings’ Bank, on November 20th, 1850, had a capital stock of £29,004. 3s., invested with the commissioners for the reduction of the national debt, at which period there were 866 separate accounts, of which ten were charitable societies, with deposits amounting to £260. 12s. 1d.; and ten friendly societies, with deposits amounting to £1,706. 2s. 6d. Of the total number of deposits, there were 449 whose respective balances did not exceed £20; 218 were above £20 and not exceeding £50; 109 above £50 and not exceeding £100; 36 above £100 and not exceeding £150; and 29 between that sum and £200. John Moore is the secretary.
Charities.—Frances Hill, in 1557, gave a rent charge of 29s. per annum, out of premises in Castle Donnington, and directed 2s. to be paid yearly to the vicar or priest of Drayton to say mass in the parish church, or such divine service as should be lawful to be observed there; 8d. to the parish clerk, and 16d. to the bell ringers; 2s. 8d. for two wax tapers; 8d. to her heirs for the trouble of payment; and the residue to be given to the poorest inhabitants of Drayton. Out of this gift 2s. is paid to the minister, 2s. to the clerk, and to the two churchwardens 8d. each, and the remainder is distributed among the poor, in groats, on Trinity Sunday.
Elizabeth Wetenhall, by her will, bearing date 19th December, 1693, devised to Robert Clive and John Gardner, and their heirs, two parcels of land at Drayton, called the Gallow Tree Field and the Clay Pits, which then produced a rental of £6. 16s. per annum; also a yearly rent of £4, issuing out a messuage and lands at Winstanwick; and a yearly rent of 8s. 4d. out of a farm at Childs Ercall. And she also bequeathed to the same persons £60, to be laid out in the purchase of land, or a rent charge, and out of the yearly proceeds, £4 to be paid in apprenticing one poor boy of the parish of Drayton to some useful trade; 40s. to be equally distributed among forty poor widows, or old decayed workmen of Drayton; 20s. to the vicar of the parish, provided he should preach a sermon on St. Thomas’s day; £6. to be paid to Gabriel Wetenhall and George Dodd, and their heirs and assignees; £4 for the purpose of putting forth a poor boy of the parish of Audlem, in Cheshire, apprentice; and 40s. to be distributed among forty of the poorest widows or decayed labourers of the said parish. In 1811, an information was filed against Robert Farbeck and Samuel Redshaw, as the representatives of the co-heiresses of Robert Clive, the surviving trustee, and against Richard Grant, who acted as the trustee of the charity by the attorney-general, at the relation of the Rev. William Cotton and others. On the 21st of July, 1848, a new scheme for the administration of the charity and distribution of the income thereof, was made, and certain trustees appointed. In this scheme the trustees are ordered, after paying any expenses incident to the administration of the charity, to divide the income into thirteen parts, and apply the same in the following manner, viz., four-thirteenths thereof in apprenticing a poor boy of the parish of Drayton, selected by the majority of the trustees; two-thirteenths to be distributed in money, or laid out in the purchase of coals, blankets, provisions, or clothing, at the discretion of the trustees, and distributed among forty poor widows, and old decayed workmen of the parish of Drayton; one-thirteenth to be paid to the vicar of Drayton, provided he shall have preached, or cause to be preached, two sermons on St. Thomas’s day, in Drayton church; four-thirteenths in apprenticing poor boys of the parish of Audlam, in Cheshire; and the remaining two thirteenths to be distributed in money or clothes, among forty poor widows or decayed labourers of the said parish of Audlem. From certain technicalities not yet complied with by the legal gentlemen, and which few can see the reasonableness of but a lawyer, the charity yet remains in abeyance. The accumulations amount to upwards of £1,400, out of which between £400 and £500 had been expended in the prosecution of the suit up to December, 1850. The trustees appointed for the administration of the charity by the attorney-general, July, 1848, are the Rev. George Pitt; Richard Corbet, Esq.; Henry Clive, Esq.; William Tayleur, Esq.; Thomas Twemlow, Esq.; William Wilkinson, Esq.; and Richard Grant, Esq.
John Wright left the yearly sum of 10s., to be given in bread on the feast of St. John the Baptist, and the feast of St. John the Evangelist: he also left the like sum yearly for the poor of Tyrley quarter. In respect of this charity, 20s. per annum is received from certain premises at Stoke-upon-Tern, which is applied according to the donor’s intentions. Lawrence Thompson left 20s. per annum to the poor of Drayton, to be given on St. Lawrence’s day. Ralph Kendrirk gave an annual sum of 20s. to the poor, and Mr. Cooke, a yearly sum of 3s. 4d. These several sums are carried to the poor’s account, and bread distributed to the amount on New Year’s Day.
The Rev. Richard Price, by will 1730, devised certain lands and houses in and near Drayton to the poor of Drayton and Hodnet; viz., £5 per annum, for a distribution of bread every Lord’s-day, and the remainder for the schooling of poor children of each place. The premises now held by the parish officers of Drayton, as derived from the Rev. R. Price, consist of a building in Little Drayton, formerly used as a poor house. This building was probably erected upon the site of the five messuages conveyed in trust by the Rev. R. Price; but it does not appear how the parish of Drayton became entitled to the whole, as part was allotted to the parish of Hodnet. The are also two pieces of land, called the Town Field and Crab Tree Field, and a small plot of land in Longslow lane, which produce a yearly rental altogether of £19. 11s. This sum is carried to the general account, kept by the churchwardens, entitled the Poors’ Account.
John Bill left £240, the interest to be disposed of in the Shropshire part of the parish. In 1781 the sum of £240 was lent to Thomas H. Alcock, on his bond, but he subsequently failing, a dividend of £106 was received from the bankrupt’s estate. In 1819 a sum of £190 was advanced by the churchwardens for the repairs of the Grammar School, for which interest was to be paid at the rate of five per cent. It is stated in a memorandum, entered in the churchwardens’ book, that £118, part of this money was left by Mr. Bill for the purpose of a charity school in Little Drayton, and apprenticing poor children, at the discretion of the churchwardens. Interest is now paid on £182 from the school funds, and the amount is carried to the poors’ account; but it may be observed, that in the application of those funds, only £4 is disposed of annually for the education of poor children of Little Drayton, which sum falls short of the income of Price’s charity before mentioned, which is also applicable to this purpose, and nothing whatever is applied in binding out apprentices.
It appears from a schedule of benefactions, that a great number of legacies have been left for the benefit of the poor of this parish. Among the donors is Stephen Denstone, who gave £100 in 1705, and directed the yearly produce to be distributed among the poorest widows and housekeepers of Great and Little Drayton. Richard Heeley gave £100, and directed half the interest to be expended in bread, and the other half as the minister and churchwardens of Drayton should think fit. Margaret Blest gave £50, the interest to be distributed among fifty poor housekeepers. Various other legacies, 36 in number, amounting in the whole, with the above gifts, to £577. 13s. 4d., have been laid out at different periods in the purchase of land, situate at Hinstock, Ightfield, Drayton, and Cheswardine. The income derived from these rents, with the interest on the money laid out on the school, amounting altogether to £114. 11s., is carried to one account, with the produce of other charities, entitled the “Poors’ Account;” and after defraying some few incidental expenses, there is paid thereout the following sums:—£7 in sums of 6d. each on St. Stephen’s day; £2. 10s. in small sums on St. Margaret’s day; bread to the amount of 5s. for the poor of Tyrley; bread to the amount of 19s. to the poor of Drayton on Easter Sunday; £4 to a schoolmistress; 2s. worth of bread is given away every Sunday, amounting to £5. 4s. per annum; and 5s. worth is given in addition on one Sunday in every month, amounting to £3; making a total of £22. 18s. The residue of these funds is applied principally in purchasing blankets and clothing, which are given to poor persons of the parish who have met with accidents or occasional distress, in sums of money, varying from 6d. to 5s. We cannot but observe that the small sums given away on St. Stephen’s and St. Margaret’s days, as applications are made to the churchwardens, appear to be too small to be of any real benefit to the parties receiving them.