[7]. Lawrence, ut supra, eighth edition, p. 325.
[8]. Description de L’Egypte, Antiq. II., pl. 49, 50.
[9]. In my Crania Americana, p. 283, I have described an ingenious method of measuring the internal capacity of the cranium, devised by my friend Mr. John S. Phillips. The material used for filling the skull, as there directed, was white pepper seed, which was chosen on account of its spheroidal form, and general uniformity of size. Finding, however, that considerable variation occurred in successive measurements of the skull, I substituted leaden shot one tenth of an inch in diameter, in place of the seeds. The skull must be completely filled by shaking it while the shot is poured in at the foramen magnum, into which the finger must be frequently pressed for the same purpose, until the various sinuosities will receive no more. When this is accomplished, the shot on being transferred to the tube, will give the absolute capacity of the cranium, or size of the brain, in cubic inches.
[10]. I have in my possession seventy-nine crania of Negroes born in Africa, for which I am indebted to Doctors Goheen and M’Dowell, lately attached to the medical department of the Colony at Liberia, in western Africa; and especially to Don Jose Rodriguez Cisneros, M. D., of Havana, in the island of Cuba. Of the whole number, fifty-eight are adult, or sixteen years of age, and upwards, and give eighty-five cubic inches for the average size of the brain. The largest head measures ninety-nine cubic inches; the smallest but sixty-five. The latter, which is that of a middle-aged woman, is the smallest adult head that has hitherto come under my notice.
[11]. Rosellini, M. R. Plate 102, Fig. 47.
[12]. Idem, M. C. Plate 43, Fig. 45.
[13]. Rosellini, M. C., Plate 128, Fig. 2.
[14]. Idem, Plate 101, Fig. 2.
[15]. Rosellini, M. C. Plate 127.
[16]. Description de L’Egypte, Antiq. T. I. pl. 68, fig. 114.—Hamilton, Ægyptiaca, p. 55.