CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
I.[Why Does Socialism Exist?]1
II.[The Development of Socialism]17
III.[The Political Awakening of Socialism—The Period of Revolution]42
IV.[The Political Awakening of Socialism—The International]56
V.[The Socialist Party of France]75
VI.[The Belgian Labor Party]118
VII.[The German Social Democracy]146
VIII.[German Social Democracy and Labor Unions]171
IX.[The English Labor Party]207
X.[Conclusion]250
[Appendix]273
[Index]347

SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION—WHY DOES SOCIALISM EXIST?[ToC]

The answer to this question will bring us nearer to the core of the social movement than any attempted definition. The French Socialist program begins with the assertion, "Socialism is a question of class." Class distinction is the generator of Socialism.