- Edward IV. and the House of Commons. 1461 [329]
- Loss of the Mediæval Ideals [330]
- Fresh Efforts of the Lancastrians. 1462—1465 [331]
- Edward's Marriage. 1464 [331]
- Estrangement of Warwick. 1465—1468 [332]
- Warwick's Alliance with Clarence. 1469—1470 [332]
- The Restoration of Henry VI. 1470 [333]
- Edward IV. recovers the Throne. 1471 [334]
- Edward IV. prepares for War with France. 1471—1474 [334]
- The Invasion of France. 1475 [336]
- Fall and Death of Clarence. 1476—1478 [336]
- The Last Years of Edward IV. 1478—1483 [336]
- Edward V. and the Duke of Gloucester. 1483 [337]
- Fall of the Queen's Relations. 1483 [338]
- Execution of Lord Hastings [338]
- Deposition of Edward V. 1483 [340]
- Buckingham's Rebellion. 1483 [341]
- Murder of the Princes. 1483 [342]
- Richard's Government. 1484—1485 [342]
- Richard Defeated and Slain at Bosworth. 1485 [343]
[CHAPTER XXIII.]
HENRY VII. 1485—1509.
- The First Measures of Henry VII. 1485—1486 [343]
- Maintenance and Livery [345]
- Lovel's Rising. 1486 [346]
- Lancaster and York in Ireland. 1399—1485 [346]
- Insurrection of Lambert Simnel. 1487 [347]
- The Court of Star Chamber. 1487 [348]
- Henry VII. and Brittany. 1488—1492 [348]
- Cardinal Morton's Fork. 1491 [349]
- The Invasion of France. 1492 [349]
- Perkin Warbeck. 1491—1494 [350]
- Poynings' Acts. 1494 [350]
- Perkin's First Attempt on England. 1495 [351]
- The Intercursus Magnus. 1496 [351]
- Kildare Restored to the Deputyship. 1496 [352]
- Perkin's Overthrow. 1496—1497 [352]
- European Changes. 1494—1499 [352]
- Execution of the Earl of Warwick. 1499 [354]
- Prince Arthur's Marriage and Death. 1501—1502 [354]
- The Scottish Marriage. 1503 [356]
- Maritime Enterprise [356]
- Growth of the Royal Power [356]
- Empson and Dudley [357]
- Henry and his Daughter-in-law. 1502—1505 [357]
- The Last Years of Henry VII. 1505—1509 [357]
- Architectural Changes and the Printing Press [358]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
- FIG. Page
- Palæolithic flint scraper from Icklingham, Suffolk [2]
- Palæolithic flint implement from Hoxne, Suffolk [2]
(From Evans's 'Ancient Stone Implements') - Engraved bone from Cresswell Crags, Derbyshire [3]
(From the original in the British Museum) - Neolithic flint arrow-head from Rudstone, Yorks [3]
- Neolithic celt or cutting instrument from Guernsey [3]
- Neolithic axe from Winterbourn Steepleton, Dorset [4]
(From Evans's 'Ancient Stone Implements') - Example of early British pottery [4]
- 9. Examples of early British pottery [5]
(From Greenwell's 'British Barrows') - Bronze celt from the Isle of Harty, Kent [6]
- Bronze lance-head found in Ireland [6]
- Bronze caldron found in Ireland [6]
(From Evans's 'Ancient Bronze Implements') - View of Stonehenge [7]
(From a photograph) - Part of a British gold corselet found at Mold, now
in the British Museum [9]
(From the 'Archæologia') - Bust of Julius Cæsar [10]
(From the original in the British Museum) - Commemorative tablet of the Second Legion found at Halton Chesters on the Roman Wall [17]
- View of part of the Roman Wall [18]
- Ruins of a mile-castle on the Roman Wall [18]
(From Bruce's 'Handbook to the Roman Wall,' 2nd edition) - Part of the Roman Wall at Leicester [19]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Pediment of a Roman temple found at Bath [20]
(Reduced from the 'Archæologia') - Roman altar from Rutchester [21]
(From Bruce's 'Handbook to the Roman Wall', 2nd edition) - Plan of the city of Old Sarum [34]
(From the Ordnance Survey Plan) - View of Old Sarum [35]
(Reduced from Sir R. C. Hoare's 'History of Modern Wiltshire. Old and New Sarum') - Saxon church at Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts [51]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Saxon horsemen [53]
- Group of Saxon warriors [53]
(From Harl. MS. 603) - Remains of a viking ship from Gokstad [56]
(From a photograph of the original at Christiania) - Gold ring of Æthelwulf [57]
- Gold jewel of Ælfred found at Athelney [59]
(From 'Archæological Journal') - An English vessel [60]
- A Saxon house [61]
(From Harl. MS. 603) - A monk driven out of the King's presence [66]
(From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - Rural life in the eleventh century. January to June [70]
- Rural life in the eleventh century. July to December [71]
(From Cott. MS. Julius A. vi.) - Plan and section of a burh of the eleventh century
at Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Yorks [74]
(From G. T. Clark's 'Mediæval Military Architecture') - Glass tumbler [76]
- Drinking-glass [76]
- Comb and case of Scandinavian type found at York [77]
(From the originals in the British Museum) - Martyrdom of St. Edmund by the Danes [82]
(From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - First Great Seal of Eadward the Confessor (obverse) [86]
(From an original impression) - Hunting. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) [87]
(Reduced from 'Vetusta Monumenta,' vol. vi.) - Tower in the earlier style, church at Earl's Barton [91]
- Tower in the earlier style, St. Benet's church,
Cambridge [91]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Building a church in the later style [92]
(From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - Normans feasting; with Odo, bishop of Bayeux,
saying grace. [93]
(From the Bayeux Tapestry) - Harold swearing upon the Relics. [94]
(From the Bayeux Tapestry) - A Norman ship. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) [95]
- Norman soldiers mounted. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) [95]
- Group of archers on foot. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) [96]
- Men fighting with axes. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) [97]
- Death of Harold. (From the Bayeux Tapestry) [98]
(Reduced from 'Vetusta Monumenta,' vol. vi.) - Coronation of a king, temp. William the Conqueror [99]
(From a drawing belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - Silver penny of William the Conqueror, struck at
Romney [101]
(From an original specimen) - Silver penny of William the Conqueror, struck at Romney [101]
(From an original specimen) - East end of Darenth church, Kent [107]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 6th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Part of the nave of St. Alban's abbey church [109]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee) - Facsimile of a part of Domesday Book relating to Berkshire [112]
(From the original MS. in the Public Record Office) - Henry I. and his queen Matilda [123]
(From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies') - Seal of Milo of Gloucester, showing mounted armed
figure in the reign of Henry I. [125]
(From an original impression) - Monument of Roger, bishop of Salisbury, died 1139 [127]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Porchester church, Hampshire, built about 1135 [128]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 7th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Part of the nave of Durham cathedral, built about 1130 [130]
(From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray) - Keep of Rochester castle, built between 1126 and 1139 [132]
(From a photograph by Poulton & Sons, Lee) - Keep of Castle Rising, built about 1140-50 [133]
(From a photograph) - Tower of Castor church, Northamptonshire, built about 1145 [136]
(From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities') - Effigies of Henry II. and queen Eleanor [139]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Ecclesiastical costume in the twelfth century [142]
(From Cott. MS. Nero C. iv. f. 37) - A bishop ordaining a priest [144]
- Small ship of the latter part of the twelfth century [146]
(From 'Harley Roll,' Y. 6) - Part of the choir of Canterbury cathedral, in building 1175-1184 [150]
(From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray) - Mitre of archbishop Thomas of Canterbury, preserved at Sens [153]
(From Shaw's 'Dresses and Decorations') - Military and civil costume of the latter part of the twelfth century [154]
(From 'Harley Roll,' Y. 6) - Royal Arms of England from Richard I. to Edward III. [159]
(From the wall arcade, south aisle of nave, Westminster Abbey) - The Galilee or Lady chapel, Durham cathedral,
built by bishop Hugh of Puiset, between 1180 and 1197 [160]
(From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray) - Effigy of a knight in the Temple church, London,
showing armour of the end of the twelfth century [162]
(From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies') - Effigies of Richard I. and queen Berengaria [164]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Part of the choir of Ripon cathedral, built during
the last quarter of the twelfth century [166]
(From Scott's 'Mediæval Architecture,' London, J. Murray) - Lay costumes in the twelfth century [168]
- Costume of shepherds in the twelfth century [168]
(From Cott. MS. Nero C. iv. ff. 11 and 16) - Hall of Oakham castle, Rutland, built about 1185 [170]
(From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture') - Norman house at Lincoln, called the Jews' House [171]
(From a photograph by Carl Norman, Tunbridge Wells) - Effigies of king John and queen Isabella [175]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Effigy of bishop Marshall of Exeter, died 1206 [177]
(From Murray's 'Handbook to the Southern Cathedrals') - Parsonage house of early thirteenth-century date at West Dean, Sussex [179]
(From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture') - Effigy of a knight in the Temple church, London,
showing armour worn between 1190 and 1225 [182]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Silver penny of John, struck at Dublin [184]
(From an original example) - Effigy of Henry III. (From his tomb at Westminster) [186]
- Effigy of William Longespée, earl of Salisbury,
died 1227, from his tomb at Salisbury, showing armour
worn from about 1225 to 1250 [187]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Effigy of Simon, bishop of Exeter, died 1223 [188]
(From Murray's 'Handbook to the Southern Cathedrals') - Beverley Minster, Yorkshire, the south transept;
built about 1220—1230 [189]
(From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities') - Longthorpe manor house, Northamptonshire, built about 1235 [192]
(From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture') - A ship in the reign of Henry III. [193]
- A bed in the reign of Henry III. [196]
(From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. ff. 21 and 22 b) - Barn of thirteenth-century date at Raunds, Northamptonshire [197]
(From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture') - A fight between armed and mounted knights of the time of Henry III. [201]
(From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. f. 4) - Seal of Robert Fitzwalter, showing a mounted knight
in complete mail armour; date about 1265 [202]
(From an original impression) - Effigy of a knight at Gosperton, showing armour worn
from about 1250 to 1300; date about 1270 [203]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Building operations in the reign of Henry III., with
the king giving directions to the architect [204]
(From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. f. 23 b) - East end of Westminster abbey church; begun by Henry III. in 1245 [205]
(From a photograph) - Nave of Salisbury cathedral church, looking west;
date, between 1240 and 1250 [206]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee) - A king and labourers in the reign of Henry III. [207]
(From Cott. MS. Nero D. i. f. 21 b) - Great Seal of Edward I. (slightly reduced) [209]
(From an original impression) - Group of armed knights and a king in ordinary
dress; date, temp. Edward I. [211]
(From Arundel MS. 83, f. 132) - Nave of Lichfield cathedral church, looking east; built about 1280 [213]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee) - Effigy of Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I.,
in Westminster abbey [215]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Cross erected near Northampton by Edward I. in memory
of queen Eleanor [217]
(From a photograph) - Sir John d'Abernoun, died 1277, from his brass at
Stoke Dabernon; showing armour worn from about 1250 to 1300 [219]
(From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses') - Edward II. from his monument in Gloucester cathedral [225]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Lincoln cathedral, the central tower; built about 1310 [227]
(From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities') - Sir John de Creke, from his brass at Westley
Waterless, Cambridgeshire; showing armour worn between
1300 and 1335 or 1340; date, about 1325 [229]
(From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses') - Howden church, Yorkshire, the west front [230]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 7th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Effigies of Edward III. and queen Philippa, from
their tombs in Westminster abbey [233]
(From Blore's 'Monumental Remains') - A knight—Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, who died
1345—receiving his helm and pennon from his wife;
another lady holds his shield [236]
(From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta') - William of Hatfield, second son of Edward III.,
from his tomb in York Minster [237]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - York Minster, the nave, looking west [238]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee) - Royal Arms of Edward III., from his tomb [239]
(From a photograph) - Shooting at the butts with the long bow [241]
- Contemporary view of a fourteenth-century walled town [243]
(From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta') - Gloucester cathedral church, the choir, looking east [244]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee) - The lord's upper chamber or solar at Sutton Courtenay manor-house; date, about 1350 [245]
- Interior of the hall at Penshurst, Kent; built about 1340 [246]
- A small house or cottage at Meare, Somerset; built about 1350 [247]
- Norborough Hall, Northamptonshire; built about 1350 [247]
(From Hudson Turner's 'Domestic Architecture') - Ploughing [248]
- Harrowing; and a boy slinging stones at the birds [248]
- Breaking the clods with mallets [249]
- Cutting weeds [249]
- Reaping [249]
- Stacking corn [250]
- Threshing corn with a flail [250]
(From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta') - West front of Edington church, Wilts; built about 1360 [253]
(From Rickman's 'Gothic Architecture,' 7th edition, by J. H. Parker) - Gold noble of Edward III. [255]
(From an original example) - Effigy of Edward the Black Prince; from his tomb at Canterbury [256]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester
1367-1404; from his tomb at Winchester [260]
(From Murray's 'Handbook to the Southern Cathedrals') - Tomb of Edward III. in Westminster abbey [263]
(From Blore's 'Monumental Remains') - Figures of Edward the Black Prince and Lionel
duke of Clarence; from the tomb of Edward III. [264]
(From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies') - Richard II. and his first queen, Anne of Bohemia;
from their tomb in Westminster abbey [267]
(From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies') - Portrait of Geoffrey Chaucer [270]
(From Harl MS. 4866) - A gentleman riding out with his hawk [271]
- Carrying corn, a cart going uphill [272]
- State carriage of the fourteenth century [273]
- Bear-baiting [275]
(From the Luttrell Psalter, 'Vetusta Monumenta') - West end of the nave of Winchester cathedral church [276]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee) - Meeting of Henry of Lancaster and Richard II. at Flint [284]
- Henry of Lancaster claiming the throne [285]
(From Harl MS. 1319) - Effigy of a knight at Clehonger, showing development
of plate armour; date about 1400 [287]
(From Hollis's 'Monumental Effigies') - Henry IV. and his queen Joan of Navarre; from their
tomb in Canterbury cathedral church [290]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Royal arms as borne from about 1408 to 1603 [291]
(From a fifteenth-century seal) - Thomas Cranley, archbishop of Dublin; from his
brass at New College, Oxford, showing the archiepiscopal
costume [292]
(From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses') - The Battle of Shrewsbury [294]
- Fight in the lists with poleaxes [297]
(From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. ff. 4 and 7) - Costume of a judge about 1400; from a brass at Deerhurst [298]
(From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses') - Henry V. [300]
(From an original portrait belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - 154. Effigy of William Phelip, lord Bardolph; from
his tomb at Dennington, Suffolk [304]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Marriage of Henry V. and Catherine of France [305]
(From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. f. 22) - Henry VI. [308]
(From an original picture in the National Portrait Gallery) - Fotheringay church, Northamptonshire; begun in 1434 [311]
(From a photograph by G. A. Nichols, Stamford) - 159. Front and back views of the gilt-latten
effigy of Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, died
1439; from his tomb at Warwick [314], [315]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Tattershall castle, Lincolnshire; built between 1433 and 1455 [316]
(From a photograph by G. A. Nichols, Stamford) - Part of Winfield manor-house, Derbyshire; built about 1440 [318]
(From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby) - The Divinity School, Oxford; built between 1445 and 1454 [319]
(From a photograph by W. H. Wheeler, Oxford) - A sea-fight [325]
(From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. f. 18 b) - Effigy of Sir Robert Harcourt, K.G., showing
armour worn from about 1445 to 1480 [326]
(From Stothard's 'Monumental Effigies') - Edward IV. [330]
(From an original portrait belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - A fifteenth-century ship [333]
(From Harl. MS. 2278, f. 16) - Large ship and boat of the fifteenth century [339]
(From Cott. MS. Julius E. iv. f. 5) - Richard III. [341]
(From an original portrait belonging to the Society of Antiquaries) - Henry VII. [344]
- Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII. [345]
(From original pictures in the National Portrait Gallery) - Tudor Rose; from the chapel of Henry VII., Westminster [346]
- Tower of St. Mary's church, Taunton; built about 1500 [353]
(From Britton's 'Architectural Antiquities') - King's College Chapel, Cambridge; interior, looking east [355]
(From a photograph by Valentine & Sons, Dundee)
GENEALOGICAL TABLES
I
ENGLISH KINGS FROM ECGBERHT TO HENRY I.
| Ecgberht 802-839 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Æthelwulf 839-858 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Æthelbald 858-860 | Æthelberht 860-866 | Æthelred 866-871 | Ælfred 871-901 | ||||||||||||||||
| Eadward the Elder 899-924 | Æthelflæd (the Lady of the Mercians) | = | Æthelred Ealdorman of the Mercians | ||||||||||||||||
| Æthelstan 924-940 | Eadmund 940-946 | Eadred 946-955 | |||||||||||||||||
| Eadwig 955-959 | Æthelflæd | = | Eadgar 959-975 | = | Ælfthryth | ||||||||||||||
| Richard I. Duke of Normandy | Svend | ||||||||||||||||||
| Eadward the Martyr 975-979 | Ælfled | = | Æthelred the Unready 979-1016 | = | Emma | = | Cnut 1016-1035 | ||||||||||||
| Eadmund Ironside 1016 | Harold 1036-1039 | Harthacnut 1039-1042 | |||||||||||||||||
| Godwine | |||||||||||||||||||
| Eadmund | Eadward the Ætheling | Ælfred the Ætheling | Eadward the Confessor 1042-1066 | = | Eadgyth | Harold 1066 | |||||||||||||
| Eadgar the Ætheling | Margaret | = | Malcolm Canmore | ||||||||||||||||
| Eadgyth (Matilda) | = | Henry I. 1100-1135 | |||||||||||||||||