A Student's History of England, v. 2: 1509-1689 / From the Earliest Times to the Death of King Edward VII

by Samuel Rawson Gardiner

[CHAPTER XL]
THE LAST YEARS OF CHARLES II. 1681-1685

• Tory Reaction. 1681 [622]
• 'Absolom and Achitophel.' 1681 [623]
• The Scottish Test Act and the Duke of York's Return. 1681-1682 [623]
• The City Elections. 1682 [623]
• Flight and Death of Shaftesbury. 1682-1683 [624]
• The Attack on the City. 1682-1683 [624]
• The Remodelling of the Corporations. 1683-1684 [625]
• The Rye House Plot. 1683 [625]
• The Whig Combination. 1683 [625]
• Trial and Execution of Lord Russell. 1683 [625]
• Execution of Algernon Sidney. 1683 [626]
• Parties at Court. 1684 [626]
• Death of Charles II. 1685 [627]
• Constitutional Progress. 1660-1685 [627]
• Prosperity of the Country. [628]
• The Coffee Houses. [630]
• The Condition of London. [631]
• Painting. [631]
• Architecture. [631]
• Science. [632]
• Difficulties of Communication. [632]
• The Country Gentry and the Country Clergy. [633]
• Alliance between the Gentry and the Church. [633]

[CHAPTER XLI]
JAMES II. 1685-1689

• The Accession of James II. 1685 [634]
• A Tory Parliament. 1685 [636]
• Argyle's Landing. 1685 [636]
• Monmouth's Landing. 1685 [637]
• The Bloody Assizes. 1685 [637]
• The Violation of the Test Act. 1685 [638]
• Breach between Parliament and King. 1685 [638]
• The Dispensing Power. 1686 [638]
• The Ecclesiastical Commission. 1686 [639]
• Scotland and Ireland. 1686-1687 [639]
• The Fall of the Hydes. 1686-1687 [640]
• The Declaration of Indulgence. 1687 [640]
• The Expulsion of the Fellows of Magdalen. 1687 [641]
• An Attempt to pack a Parliament. 1687 [641]
• A Second Declaration of Indulgence. 1688 [642]
• Resistance of the Clergy. 1688 [642]
• The Trial of the Seven Bishops. 1688 [643]
• Invitation to William of Orange. 1688 [643]
• Landing of William. 1688 [644]
• William's March upon London. 1688 [645]
• A Convention Parliament Summoned. 1688 [646]
• The Throne Declared Vacant. 1689 [646]
• William and Mary to be Joint Sovereigns. 1689 [647]
• Character of the Revolution. [647]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

• FIG. Page

• Henry VIII. [368]
  (From a painting by Holbein about 1536, belonging to Earl Spencer)
• Cardinal Wolsey [365]
  (From an original picture belonging to the Hon. Sir Spencer Ponsonby-Fane, K.C.B.)
• The embarkation of Henry VIII. from Dover, 1520 [370]
  (From the Society of Antiquaries' engraving of the original picture at Hampton Court)
• Silver-gilt cup and cover, made at London in 1523; at Barber Surgeons' Hall, London [371]
  (From Cripps's 'College and Corporation Plate')
• Part of Hampton Court; built by Cardinal Wolsey; finished in 1526 [373]
  (From a photograph)
• Portrait of William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1503-1532, showing the ordinary episcopal dress, with the mitre and archiepiscopal cross [376]
  (From a painting by Holbein, belonging to Viscount Dillon, F.S.A., dated 1527)
• Tower of Fountains Abbey church; built by Abbot Huby, 1494-1526 [378]
  (From a photograph by Valentine and Sons, Dundee)
• Catharine of Aragon [380]
  (From a painting in the National Portrait Gallery)
• The gatehouse of Coughton Court, Warwickshire; built about 1530 [381]
  (From Niven's 'Illustrations of Old Warwickshire Houses')
• Hall of Christchurch, Oxford; built by Cardinal Wolsey; finished in 1529 [384]
  (From a photograph by W. H. Wheeler, Oxford)
• Sir Thomas More, wearing the collar of SS. [387]
  (From an original portrait painted by Holbein in 1527, belonging to Edward Huth, Esq.)
• John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, 1504-1535 [393]
  (From a drawing by Holbein in the Royal Library, Windsor Castle)
• Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, brother of Jane Seymour, afterwards Duke of Somerset, known as 'the Protector,' at the age of 28, 1507-1552 [395]
  (From a painting at Sudeley Castle)
• Henry VIII. [403]
  (From a painting by Holbein, belonging to the Earl of Warwick)
• Angel of Henry VIII., 1543 [405]
  (From an original example)
• Part of the encampment at Marquison, 1544, showing military equipment in the time of Henry VIII. [406]
• 191. Part of the siege of Boulogne by Henry VIII., 1544, showing military operations [407], [408]
  (From the Society Of Antiquaries' engravings, by Vertue, of the now destroyed paintings formerly at Cowdray House, Sussex)
• Armour as worn in the reign of Henry VIII.; from the brass of John Lymsey, 1545, in Hackney church [409]
• Margaret, wife of John Lymsey; from her brass in Hackney church, showing the costume of a lady circa 1545 [409]
  (From Haines's 'Manual of Monumental Brasses')
• Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, 1473(?)-1554 [410]
  (From a painting by Holbein at Windsor Castle)
• Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1533-1556 [414]
  (From a painting by Holbein dated 1547, at Jesus College, Cambridge)
• Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, 1550-1553 [417]
  (From the National Portrait Gallery)
• King Edward VI. [419]
  (From a picture belonging to H. Hucks Gibbs, Esq.)
• Queen Mary Tudor [422]
  (From a painting by Lucas de Heere, dated 1554, belonging to the Society of Antiquaries)
• Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, 1535-1539, burnt 1555 [425]
  (From the National Portrait Gallery)
• A milled half-sovereign of Elizabeth, 1562-1568 [435]
  (From an original example)
• Silver-gilt standing cup made in London in 1569-70, and given to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by Parker [440]
  (From Cripps's 'College and Corporation Plate')
• Sir Francis Drake in his forty-third year [448]
  (From the engraving by Elstracke)
• Armour as worn during the reign of Elizabeth; from the brass of Francis Clopton, 1577, at Long Melford, Suffolk [451]
  (From Haines's 'Manual of Monumental Brasses')
• Hall of Burghley House, Northamptonshire, built about 1580 [455]
  (From Drummond's 'Histories of Noble British Families')
• Sir Martin Frobisher, died 1594 [459]
  (From a picture belonging to the Earl of Carlisle)
• The Spanish Armada. Fight between the English and Spanish fleets off the Isle of Wight, July 25, 1588 [461]
  (From Pine's engravings of the tapestry formerly in the House of Lords)
• Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618), and his eldest son Walter at the age of eight [463]
  (From a picture dated 1602, belonging to Sir J. F. Lennard, Bart.)
• A mounted soldier at the end of the sixteenth century [465]
  (From a broadside printed in 1596, in the Society of Antiquaries' collection)
• Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire; built by Thorpe for Sir Francis Willoughby, about 1580-1588 [466]
  (From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby)
• Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire; built by Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, about 1597 [467]
  (From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby)
• E-shaped house at Beaudesert, Staffordshire; built by Thomas, Lord Paget, about 1601 [469]
  (From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby)
• Ingestre Hall, Staffordshire; built about 1601 [471]
  (From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby)
• Coaches in the reign of Elizabeth [473]
  (From 'Archæologia,' vol. xx. pl. xviii.)
• William Shakspere [474]
  (From the bust on his tomb at Stratford-on-Avon)
• Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex, K.G., 1567-1601 [476]
  (From a painting by Van Somer, dated 1599, belonging to the Earl of Essex)
• Queen Elizabeth, 1558-1603 [477]
  (From a painting belonging to the University of Cambridge)
• William Cecil, Lord Burghley, K.G., 1520-1591 [479]
  (From a painting in the Bodleian Library, Oxford)
• Royal arms borne by James I. and succeeding Stuart sovereigns [482]
  (From Boutell's'English Heraldry')
• North-west view of Hatfield House, Herts; built for Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury, between 1605 and 1611 [485]
  (From a photograph by Valentine and Sons, Dundee)
• An unknown gentleman [487]
  (From a painting belonging to T. A. Hope, Esq.)
• King James I. [491]
  (From a painting by P. Van Somer, dated 1621, in the National Portrait Gallery)
• Civil costume, about 1620 [492]
  (From a contemporary broadside in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries)
• The banqueting-hall of the Palace of Whitehall (from the north-east); built from the designs of Inigo Jones, 1619-1621 [493]
  (From a photograph)
• Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Alban, Lord Chancellor [495]
  (From a painting by P. Van Somer in the National Portrait Gallery)
• Costume of a lawyer [497]
  (From a broadside dated 1623 in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries)
• The Upper House of Convocation [498]
• The Lower House of Convocation [499]
  (From a broadside dated 1623, in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries)
• King Charles I. [504]
  (From a painting by Van Dyck)
• Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. [505]
  (From a painting by Van Dyck)
• Tents and military equipment in the early part of the reign of Charles I. [507]
  (From the monument of Sir Charles Montague (died in 1625), in the church of Barking, Essex)
• George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham, 1592-1628 [509]
  (From the painting by Gerard Honthorst in the National Portrait Gallery)
• Sir Edward and Lady Filmer; from their brass at East Sutton, Kent, showing armour and dress worn about 1630 [515]
  (From Waller's 'Monumental Brasses')
• Archbishop Laud [517]
  (From a copy in the National Portrait Gallery by Henry Stone, from the Van Dyck at Lambeth)
• Silver-gilt tankard made at London in 1634-5; now belonging to the Corporation of Bristol [518]
  (From Cripps's 'College and Corporation Plate')
• The 'Sovereign of the Seas,' built for the Royal Navy in 1637 [522]
  (From a contemporary engraving by John Payne)
• Soldier armed with a pike [527]
• Soldier with musket and crutch [527]
  (From a broadside printed about 1630, in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries)
• –243. Ordinary civil costume, temp. Charles I., viz:—
  A gentleman and a gentlewoman [550]
  A citizen and a citizen's wife [551]
  A countryman and a countrywoman [552]
  (From Speed's map of 'The Kingdom of England,' 1646)
• View of the west side of the Banqueting-House, Whitehall, dated 1713, showing the window through which Charles I. is said to have passed to the scaffold [558]
  (From an engraving by Terasson)
• Execution of King Charles I., January 30, 1649 [559]
  (From a broadside in the collection of the late Richard Fisher, Esq., F.S.A.)
• A coach in the middle of the seventeenth century [564]
  (From an engraving by John Dunstall)
• Oliver Cromwell [567]
  (From the painting by Samuel Cooper, at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge)
• Charles II. [579]
  (From the portrait by Sir Peter Lely in Christ's Hospital, London)
• Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon, 1608-1674 [581]
  (From an engraving by Loggan)
• A mounted nobleman and his squire [582]
  (From Ogilby's 'Coronation Procession of Charles II.')
• Dress of the Horseguards at the Restoration [583]
  (From Ogilby's 'Coronation Procession of Charles II.')
• Yeoman of the Guard [583]
  (From Ogilby's 'Coronation Procession of Charles II.')
• Shipping in the Thames, circa 1660 [584]
  (From Pricke's 'South Prospect of London')
• Old St. Paul's, from the east, showing its condition just before the Great Fire [591]
  (From an engraving by Hollar)
• John Milton in 1669 [597]
  (From the engraving by Faithorne)
• Temple Bar, London, built by Sir Christopher Wren in 1670 [601]
  (From a photograph)
• Anthony Ashley-Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621-1683 [604]
  (From the painting by John Greenhill in the National Portrait Gallery)
• Ordinary dress of gentlemen in 1675 [611]
  (From Loggan's 'Oxonia Illustrata')
• Cup presented, 1676, by King Charles II. to the Barber Surgeons' Company [612]
  (From Cripps's 'College and Corporation Plate')
• Steeple of the church of St. Mary-le-Bow, London, built by Sir Christopher Wren between 1671 and 1680 [614]
  (From a photograph)
• Dress of ladies of quality [628]
  (From Sandford's 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
• Ordinary attire of women of the lower classes [628]
  (From Sandford's 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
• Coach of the latter half of the seventeenth century [629]
  (From Loggan's 'Oxonia Illustrata')
• Waggon of the second half of the seventeenth century [629]
  (From Loggan's 'Oxonia Illustrata')
• Reaping and harvesting in the second half of the seventeenth century [630]
  (From Loggan's 'Cantabrigia Illustrata')
• Costume of a gentleman [632]
  (From Sandford's 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
• James II. [635]
  (From the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1684-5 in the National Portrait Gallery)
• Yeomen of the Guard [636]
  (From Sandford's 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
• Dress of a bishop in the second half of the seventeenth century [642]
  (From Sandford's 'Coronation Procession of James II.')

GENEALOGICAL TABLES

I
KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND (AFTER 1541 OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND) FROM HENRY VII. TO ELIZABETH.

Henry VII. 1485-1509

=

Elizabeth of York

Arthur Prince of Wales

=

Catharine of Aragon

=

Henry VIII. 1509-1547

=

(2) Anne Boleyn

=

(3) Jane Seymour

Mary I. 1553-1559

Elizabeth 1558-1603

Edward VI. 1547-1553