Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss. / Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engine - Samuel Smiles

THE BURIAL-PLACE OF BOULTON, WATT, AND MURDOCK.

[By Percival Skelton.]

INDEX.

A.
Æolipile, the Greek, [6].
Adventurers, the Cornish meetings of, [258–60], [273–4], [332].
Albion Mill scheme, [353–7];
the mill burnt by incendiaries, [358–9].
Anderson, Professor, Glasgow, [113], [119].
Arkwright’s patent trial, [302], [347].
Austhorpe Engine, Leeds, [61].
B.
Bacon, Roger, his prophecy of steam power, [4].
Banks, Sir Joseph, and Boulton and Watt, [267], [286], [369].
‘Beelzebub’ Engine, Soho, [241], [326].
Beighton, Henry, improvements on Newcomen’s engine, [67].
Bell, Andrew, and Symington’s steamboat, [449].
Bell, Henry,—his ‘Comet,’ [453].
Berthollet, M., on chlorine, [381].
Birmingham, its ancient industry, [161–3];
Copper Company formed, [281–2];
illegal coining, [386–7];
riots at, [410–13].
Black, Dr., intercourse with and friendship for Watt, [110–14], [123], [132], [464];
lends Watt money, [150];
Boulton’s intercourse with, [329];
discovers carbonic acid gas, [372];
his death, [464];
his character, [465].
Boats, first constructed of iron, [213].
Boats, paddle and steam, see [Steam and Paddle boats].
Bonze, Cornish engineer, [233–4], [236];
his atmospheric engine, [245], [296], [313].
Boulton, Matthew, F.R.S., Birmingham,—his family, [163];
birth and education, joins his father in business, [164];
his early trade correspondence, [165];
his marriage, [166];
his business enterprise, [167];
removes from Snow-hill to Soho, [168];
his aims at excellence, [170];
his distinguished and Royal patrons, [171], [174], [176], [180–1];
his artistic taste, [172];
surpasses French art manufacturers, [173];
makes clocks and timepieces, [174];
employs first-rate artists, [175];
corresponds with Benjamin Franklin concerning his model fire-engine, [182–4];
first meeting with Watt, [186];
takes Roebuck’s share in Watt’s engine, [197];
Boulton’s qualities, [199], [200];
his friends, [201];
his views as to engine business, [202–3];
his grief at the death of Dr. Small, [208];
puts Watt’s son to school, is visited by the Empress of Russia, [216];
goes to London on financial affairs, [217];
terms of partnership, [219];
advice to Watt on his marriage, [219–20];
pressure of work, [221];
his tubular boilers, [222], [283];
difficulties, financial, and with his partners, [240], [247];
raises extra capital, [242];
his visits to Cornwall, raises capital, and combats the adventurers, [247], [261], [270], [273], [317], [320], [331];
his property and financial affairs, [262], [277–8], [320], [363–4];
pushes the letter-copying machine in London, [266–7];
has erysipelas, [270];
his courageous perseverance, patience, and business tact, [241], [249], [252], [271], [273], [276–7], [294];
his tender regard for Watt, and encouraging treatment, [272], [301];
organises mining business in Cornwall, [273–4];
suggests a tooth-cutting machine, [284];
his mechanical drawings, [283];
suggests horizontal-axled elliptical rotary engines for general uses, [307], [324], [327];
life in Cornwall, his scientific tastes, [323], [340–41];
ill health, and visit to Scotland, [328–9], [365];
his paternal affection and domestic enjoyments, [340–1];
a commercial politician, [342];
connection with the Copper Company, [349–50];
hostility towards him in Cornwall, [351–2];
his sympathy with the Quakers, [352];
starts the Albion Mill scheme, [353];
his depressed spirits, [366];
his friendships, [367–71];
turns coiner by steam power, his Soho mint, [389–99];
his success in medalling, [395];
contract with Government for a new coinage, fits up the Royal mint and others, [398–9];
Watt on Boulton’s merits in coining, [399];
his affectionate nature and generosity, [366], [401], [405], [487];
paternal care for young Watt, [406];
continued activity, his water-raising machine, [457], [474];
his reception of burglars at Soho, [458];
correspondence with Sir W. Scott, [459];
failing health, [462], [475];
counsel of friends to give up business, [475–6];
his death and funeral, [477];
monumental inscription, his qualities and character, [477], [478], [486], [487];
his workmen’s assurance society, [480];
his powers for organization and business qualities, [481–4];
Watt’s estimate of Boulton, [485], [486].
Boulton and Watt commence partnership, [197];
prospects of engine business, [207];
manufacture of engines commenced, [213–15];
terms of partnership, [218–23];
orders from Scotland, [219];
Gainsborough’s attack on the patent, [222–3];
difficulties with workmen and engine men, [227–8];
Cornish business, [231], [237];
terms on which engines were erected, [243–4];
resistance of engine dues, [246], [262];
orders from abroad, [249];
their altercations with the Cornish miners, [257–60], [315–16], [331–2];
engines sold, [262];
engine patent threatened, they share in mining adventures, [273], [278], [295–304];
their voluminous correspondence, [307–8];
adverse circumstances, [315];
dues from pumping-engines, [317];
Hornblowers’ opposition, [320];
miscellaneous engine orders, [333];
profits commence, [363];
their personal friends, [367];
their sons join the firm, [417–21];
partnership dissolved, [456].
Boulton, M. Robinson, his education and attainments, [433–4];
in Paris, [405];
returns, 1788, [408];
his reception by the Lunar Society, [408–9];
settles to business, [417];
his business ability, [418–21].
Boulton, M. P. W., on alleged photographic discoveries of Boulton and Watt, [383].
Branca’s steam machine, [7].
Brougham, Lord, opinion of Watt, [490], [503], [507].
Burke, Edmund, opposes Watt’s patent-right, [210];
denounces Dr. Priestley, [410];
also young Watt, [415].
C.
Caledonian Canal surveyed by Watt, [157], [197].
Calley, John, Dartmouth, [63].
Campbell, Thomas, opinion of Gregory Watt, [468].
Carron Iron Works, [138–9], [329], [443].
Cartsdyke, Greenock, [80–2].
Cartwright, Dr., and steam navigation, [450].
Caus, Solomon de, his steam apparatus, [8], [9], [20], [21].
‘Century of Inventions,’ Marquis of Worcester’s, [10–16].
Charles II. and mechanical inventors, [15], [28].
‘Charlotte Dundas,’ steamboat, of Symington, [447].
Chacewater Mine and engine, [231];
engine finished, [235];
its working, [242–3].
Chlorine, bleaching by, [381].
‘Clermont,’ the steamboat, [453].
Clyde, survey of, by Watt, [155], [191].
Coinage improved by Boulton, [387–99].
Coining, illegal, [386];
punishments for, [387].
Coins struck at Soho Mint, [394].
‘Comet,’ the steamboat, [453–4].
Cooper, of Manchester, political friend of young Watt, [408];
they are delegates to Paris, [414].
Copper Company organized, [281–2], [349–50].
Cornish pumping engines, [46], [52], [55], [65], [75], [230–31];
Chacewater, [235], [239], [242–3];
Dalcoath, [246], [270], [306–7];
Hallamanin, [253];
Huel Vor, [55];
United Mines, [237], [275];
Poldice, Polgooth, Tingtang, Wheal Chance, W. Crenver, W. Busy, W. Maid, W. Treasury, W. Union, W. Virgin, and others, see passim, [235–327], [339].
Cornwall, early mining in, [45–48];
Savery’s engines employed, [55];
Newcomen’s, [69];
Watt’s engines introduced, [230];
life in Cornwall, [235];
appearance of mining districts, [237];
character of miners, [257–60];
rain in, [260];
postal service, roads, and weather, [321–3];
wasteful mining, [349];
riots, [351].
Corn-mill first worked by steam, [325].
Cosgarne House, Cornwall, [275].
Cosmo, Grand Duke of Tuscany, visit to Marquis of Worcester’s water engine, [19].
Counter for steam engine, [245].
Craig, John, Watt’s partner, [125].
Crank motion invention stolen, [289].
Cromwell and the Marquis of Worcester, [14].
D.
Dalrymple, Sir John, and steam navigation, [440].
Darwin, Dr. Erasmus—correspondence with Boulton, [184], [201];
a Member of the Lunar Society, [369], [465].
Davy, Sir Humphry, on gas-lighting, [429];
and Gregory Watt, [468–9];
Davy on Gregory’s death, [472].
Day, Thos., author of ‘Sandford and Merton,’ [201], [263].
Dick, Dr., Glasgow, [101], [106], [113–14].
Digester, Papin’s, [32], [120].
Dircks, Mr., on Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [11], [22].
Dundas, Lord, and steamboats, [448].
Dundonald, Lord, and Boulton, [329].
E.
Edgeworth, R. L., and Boulton, [201];
and the locomotive, [336];
and the Lunar Society, [369–70].
Engine dues—contests with miners, [243–5], [271], [311], [315], [317], [320], [331–2], [339], [418–21].
Eginton, Fr., at Soho, [171];
partnership with Boulton in picture business, [264].
Ewart, Peter,—his opinion of Boulton, [486].
Expansive working, [146–7], [228–9], [304], [307], [310–11].
F.
Fairbairn, William, opinion of Murdock, [431–2].
Fire and Steam Engines. See [Steam engines].
Fond, M. St., describes interviews with Watt and Priestley, [383–5].
Fothergill, John, a Soho partner, [169];
travels on the Continent for the firm, [172], [204];
his despondency, [240], [247], [263];
his tenacity, his death, [275];
his embarrassments, [314].
Franklin, Benjamin,—correspondence with Boulton on steam-engine, [182–4].
Fulton inspects Symington’s steamboat, [449];
makes a model steamboat in Paris, [450];
applies to James Watt, jun., for an engine, [451];
his ‘Nautilus’ infernal-machine, [452];
he fits up the ‘Clermont’ steamer, [452].
G.
Gainsborough, Humphrey, attacks Watt’s patent, [222].
Garay, Blasco, and paddle-boats, [36].
Gas-lighting invented by Wm. Murdock, [424–7];
Wintzer’s wonderful project, [428].
George III. and Boulton, [3], [174];
Watt’s interview with the King, [403], [476].
Glasgow in 1754, [96–100];
the tobacco lords, [98];
the clubs, [99];
drinking habits, [100];
the University and Professors, [106–8], [113–15];
the Green, [127].
Governor, The, invented by Watt, [335].
Greenock at end of last century, [80–4];
improvements, [85];
at the rebellion of 1745, [93].
Gunpowder and Steam as powers, [5].
H.
Hamilton Bridge—James Watt architect, [156].
Handsworth Church, near Birmingham, [477–8], [505], [507], [514].
Harper’s Hill, Birmingham, [214].
Hart, Robert,—Reminiscences of Watt, [147], [229], [424], [499], [500].
Heathfield, Birmingham, [460], [493–5], [512–13].
Hero of Alexandria, his writings on steam, [5–7].
Hollins, Mr., Birmingham,—Reminiscence of Watt, [505].
Hooke, Dr., on the Vauxhall hydraulic-machine, [19];
correspondence with Newcomen, [62].
Hornblower, Jabez, and his brothers, [296–7], [332].
Hornblower, Jonathan,—Watt’s first meeting with, [232–3];
with his sons, erects engine to supersede Watt’s, [296–304], [320–24], [331].
Hornblower, Joseph, erects Newcomen engines in Cornwall, [71].
Hulls, Jonathan, of Campden, [72];
his steamboat, [73];
unsatisfactory trial, his publications, [74].
Huntsman, Benjamin, Sheffield, and Boulton, [165].
Hutton, William, Birmingham, [153], [162];
house destroyed by the rioters, [412].
J.
Joint Stock Mining in Cornwall, [47–8].
K.
Kaltoff, Caspar, assistant to the Marquis of Worcester, [10], [13], [18], [19].
Keir, Jas., friend of Boulton, [170], [201];
his partner, [265], [409].
Kinneil House, [142];
Watt’s workshop, [148].
L.
Latent heat, [122–3].
Lawson, James, on Boulton’s Mints, [391].
Lemon, William, Penzance, [69].
Letter-copying machines invented by Watt,—partnership, [265].
Locomotion by steam, [187];
patent by Watt, [333], [337];
Edgeworth, [336];
Murdock’s model, [336–7];
Symington, [435–6].
Luc, M. de, friend of Boulton and Watt, [351], [369], [376], [381–2], [395], [476].
Lunar Society of Birmingham, [367–70];
its discussions, [375];
alleged photographic discovery, [382–3];
demise of the Society, its influence, [385];
dissolution by deaths, [465].
M.
Meason, Mr., Wanlockhead, [435–6].
Medals struck at Soho Mint, [395–7].
Micrometer, prismatic, [152].
Miller, Mr., of Dalswinton, propels boats by paddle-wheels, [437];
employs Symington to make an engine for steamboat, [439];
its trial, [442];
orders a second engine, [443];
another trial, applies to Boulton and Watt, [444];
their reply, [445].
Mines, United District, Cornwall, [231].
Mint, Soho, [390], [396], [400].
Mint, Tower Hill, fitted up by Boulton, [398–9].
Mints, foreign, fitted up by Boulton, [389].
Monkland Canal,—Watt, engineer, [153–4], [194].
Morland, Sir Samuel,—his fire-engine, [29];
his poverty and blindness, his death, [30].
Murdock, William, employed by Boulton and Watt, [253];
his character, early days, and antecedents, [254];
his interview with Boulton, the wooden hat, and his engagement, [255];
sent to Cornwall, interest in his work, [256];
how he dealt with the bullies, fights a duel with Captain Trevithick, [257];
invents sun-and-planet motion, [309];
his value and merits, [311–12], [337–8], [361];
presented with an acknowledgment, [312];
his popularity in Cornwall, [313];
testimony of Boulton to his worth, [321];
makes a model locomotive, [336–435];
puts Albion Mill engine to rights, [356];
at Soho, [400];
his loyalty and usefulness to the firm, [422];
his inventions, [423], [430–32];
the D slide valve, lighting by gas, [424–28];
his steam-gun, engine cement, [431];
obtains the Rumford gold medal, [425];
Mr. Fairbairn’s opinion of him, [431–3];
his death, [433].
N.
‘Nautilus,’ the infernal machine, by Fulton, [452].
Newcomen, Thos., of Dartmouth, [59];
his house, [60];
his family and character, [61];
his improvements on the fire-engine, [62–70];
correspondence with Dr. Hooke, [62];
Newcomen engine described, [63–68];
he erects colliery engines, [68];
supplies pumping-engines for Cornwall, [69], [71], [74–5];
his obscure end, [72].
Newcomen engines, increased use of for pumping, [74–75];
they are superseded, [275].
Newcomen Model at Glasgow University, [119–21].
O.
“Old Bess” engine, Soho, [250], [326].
P.
Papin, Dr. D.,—preference for gunpowder to steam, [5];
a French refugee, [31];
Curator Royal Society, his digester, inventor of the safety-valve, [32];
proceeds to Germany, his experiments on water and steam, [33–35];
his steam-boat, [37];
his misfortunes and death, [38].
Parallel motion patented by Watt, [333–4].
Patent-right, attacks and defence, Watt on patent-right, [280–1], [295], [303];
combination against, [347];
Watt, junr., vindicates rights, [418].
Pickard, James, steals Watt’s crank motion, [289].
Pitt, William,—Boulton, and his commercial policy, [342–6];
coinage projects, [388], [393].
Port Glasgow piers, by Watt, [156].
Potter, Humphrey,—his invention of the “Scoggan,” [66].
Priestley, Dr., of Birmingham and the Lunar Society, [369];
his gifts, [370–72];
Boulton’s association with him, [373];
meeting of the Lunar Society, [409];
his sympathy with its French revolutionists, [410];
the new meeting-house and his house at Fairhill burnt by a mob, [411];
grievous loss of his books, MSS., and apparatus, [412];
his death, [466].
Pumping-engines. See [Cornish Pumping-engines].
Q.
Queen Charlotte and Boulton, [174–5].
R.
Radstoke, Bristol, Hornblowers’ Engine, [322–3].
Raglan Castle, [10–12], [26].
Redruth, Cornwall, [237–8].
Rennie, John, engineer, Albion Mill, [354].
Reynolds, Mr., of Ketley, has Watt’s first rotary engine, [327].
Robinson Family, The, [166].
Robison, Professor,—his intercourse with Watt, [113–14];
his voyagings, his estimate of Watt, [115–16], [118], [121], [130–31];
idea of a locomotive, [336];
incident in class on his return from Watt’s patent trial, [463–4];
his death, [472–3].
Roebuck, Dr.,—Carron Works and coal mining adventures, [138];
correspondence with Watt, [139];
terms of partnership with Watt, [141];
his house at Kinneil, [142];
his embarrassments, [150];
his patent for alkali manufacture, [152];
his ruin, [158];
correspondence with Boulton, [185], [189], [192];
arrangement to transfer his share in Watt’s engine to Boulton, [190];
his share transferred, [195–7], [204].
Rotary motion, [286];
Watt employs the crank, [287];
the invention stolen, [289], [293], [299–301], [309–10], [319], [325–7].
Russia, Empress of, visit to Boulton, [216].
S.
Savery, Captain Thomas, his family, [40];
early life, study of mechanics, [41];
his clocks, machine for polishing plate glass, his paddle boat, [42], [43];
opposed by the Navy Board, [43];
his “Navigation Improved,” [42], [44];
his paddle yacht on the Thames, [44];
his fire-engine, [48–54];
his ‘Miner’s Friend,’ [50], [52];
his engines used in Cornwall, [55];
failures of engines, [56], [57];
his later years, death, and will, [58].
Schimmelpenninck, Mrs., descriptions of meetings of Lunar Society, &c., [408–9];
on Watt’s character, [503].
Scott, Sir W., on gas-lighting, [429], [431];
opinion of Boulton, [459];
of Watt, [501–4].
Screw-propeller suggested by Watt, [192].
Shelburne, Lord, opinion of Boulton, [171].
Simson, Professor, Glasgow, [112–15].
Small, Dr., birth and parentage, [145];
correspondence with Watt, [146–7], [150–51];
correspondence, [186–198];
his attainments, [201];
his death, [208].
Smeaton, James, engineer, attracted by the atmospheric engine, [68];
improvements on Newcomen’s engine, [76];
adverse opinion of Watt’s engine, [202];
improves York buildings engine, [217], [226], [292], [511].
Soho, Birmingham, its situation and cost of building, [167–70];
its varied manufactures, [176];
its distinguished visitors, [176], [180–1];
extent of capital and trade, [177], [180];
persons employed and machinery, [179–80];
Watt’s first visit, [185];
brisk engine trade, [348], [361];
workmen tempted to leave, [227];
training of workmen, [228];
Prussian spies, [250];
loss by painting business, [264];
letter-copying machine business, [265–8], [349];
steam corn-mill at, [325];
the mint at, [390], [396–99];
illuminated with gas, [427].
Soho pictures, the, [264].
Sorbière, M., on Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [18–20].
Speaking-trumpet invented by Sir S. Morland, [29].
Steam and paddle boats. See Bell, Henry, [453];
Fulton, [449–52];
Garay, [35], [36];
Hulls, [72–74];
Miller, [437–45];
Papin, [37];
Savery, [37], [42–44];
Symington, [435–49].
Steam and fire engines, improvers of, and alleged inventors, [75–76];
see also pp. [6];
Branca, [7];
Caus de, and Worcester, Marquis of, [9–26];
Morland, [29];
Savery, [49–54], [59];
Newcomen, [63];
also index entries, [Boulton, Matthew], and [Watt, James];
possible defects, [224];
Watt’s single acting pumping engine, [236].
Steam flour-mills, [291], [325–6], [327].
Steam-gun suggested by Murdock, [431].
Steam hammer, Watt’s, [300].
Steam, its employment by the ancients, its enormous power, [5].
Stockdale, Mr., of Carke, visited by Boulton and Watt, [419];
describes a visit to Watt, [505].
Stratford-le-Bow Engine, [217], [223–6], [369].
Strathmore Canal surveyed by Watt, [155].
“Sun and Planet” motion, [309].
Sycamore Hill, Handsworth, Murdock’s residence, [254].
Symington, William, of Wanlockhead,—his model locomotive, [435–6];
matriculates at Edinburgh University, projects steamboat for canals, [436–7];
joins Mr. Miller in constructing a steamboat, [439];
his first steamboat engine, [441];
its trial, [442];
makes a second engine for Mr. Miller, [443];
another trial, [444];
fits up the ‘Charlotte Dundas,’ his adversity and death, [449].
T.
Telescope for measuring distances, invention of Watt, [151].
Tilt-hammer worked by steam, patent by Watt, [301], [325], [333].
Tobacco Trade, Glasgow, [98–9].
Trevithick, Captain, Watt’s altercation with, [257];
Murdock fights a duel with, [257], [259], [296].
Tubular Boilers made by Boulton, [282–3].
U.
United Mines, Cornwall, map, [231], [261], [275].
V.
Vauxhall Water Engine, &c., [18], [25], [29].
W.
“Waggon and Horses,” Birmingham, [288].
Walker, Zaccheus, manager at Soho, [169], [400].
Warltire, Mr., Birmingham, lecturer, [377].
Washborough, Matthew, of Bristol, [289];
Watt’s opinion of him, [291–293].
Water, composition of,—Watt, Cavendish, Lavoisier, and Priestley, [377–81].
Water-raising engines, [20–25], [29], [52–5], [63–9].
See also [Cornish pumping-engines].
Watt, Gregory,—his personal beauty and brilliant talents, [467–8];
his infirm health, is lodged at Penzance, friendship with Humphry Davy, [468–9];
his travels, continued illness and death, [470–71];
Davy’s appreciation of Gregory Watt, [472].
Watt, James,—the engineer’s father, [83];
his varied occupations and trade, [85–6];
he fills important public offices, [86].
Watt, James, engineer, F.R.S., &c.,—his ancestry, [80];
his birth, feeble constitution, home education, [87];
his early exhibition of mechanical taste and dexterity, his precocity, [88];
sent to school, [89];
continual ailments, taken to Glasgow, gift of storytelling, [90];
sent to Greenock Grammar School, [91];
love of reading, [92];
recollections of the rebellion, [93];
rambles, scientific pursuits and studies, [94];
his single sport, [95];
goes to Glasgow to learn a trade, difficulty in finding a master, [100];
proceeds to London, [101];
has again difficulty in finding a master, serves a watch-maker, cuts letters in metal, finds a master, [102];
his rapid progress as mathematical-instrument-maker, his life in London, [103];
danger from pressgangs, [104];
returns to Scotland, refused permission to commence business in Glasgow, [105];
finds asylum in the college, [106];
his shop there, [107];
his unprofitable business, sells maps and quadrants, [109];
makes musical instruments, [110];
builds organs, [111];
his studies, his club, his intercourse with the professors and students, [112];
his principal associates, [113];
Dr. Robison and others, [114];
Watt’s scientific attainments, [115];
studies chemistry, [118];
the Newcomen model, studies steam, [119–121];
his inquiries and experiments, [122–124];
business improves, takes a partner, [125];
marries his cousin, [126];
his continued brooding over the steam-engine, [127];
walk on Glasgow Green, a discovery, [127–8];
the separate condenser, experimental apparatus, [129–31];
Robison and Watt, anecdote, [131];
friendship with Dr. Black, [132];
Watt’s air-tight cover, [133];
his model engine, [134];
working engine, [135];
mechanical and financial difficulties, [136–37];
Watt’s connexion with Roebuck, [138–9];
begins business as surveyor, [139];
surveys canals, [140];
proceeds with the engine, [141];
visit to Roebuck at Kinneil House, [142];
a patent determined on, [143];
strives after improvements, [144];
his perseverance, [145];
his foresight, [146];
erects Newcomen engines, [147];
trial engine erected at Kinneil, [148–9];
dreary prospects, Roebuck embarrassed, [150];
Watt’s minor inventions, [151];
multifarious pursuits, superintends canal works, [152–3];
surveys Strathmore Canal, [155];
designs Hamilton Bridge and other engineering works, [156];
death of Mrs. Watt, [157];
Watt visits Soho, [185];
first meeting with Boulton, and correspondence with him and Dr. Small, [186], [190];
Watt resumes surveying, [191];
more unsuccessful engine experiments, [192];
Monkland Canal works stopped, and Watt loses employment, [194];
resumed overtures, Roebuck’s share transferred to Boulton, and commencement of Boulton and Watt’s partnership, Watt’s arrival in Birmingham, [195–8];
contrast between Boulton and Watt, [199–200];
the engine re-erected at Soho, [202–4];
works successfully, [205];
inquiries for engines, extension of patent, Watt’s arguments, Act obtained, [206–12];
invited to Russia, [209];
visits to London, [206–7];
Bow engine, [224–26];
goes to Cornwall, his life there, describes the adventurers, [231–34];
unable to wrestle for engine-dues, [244–46], [257];
fears as to financial obligations, [249], [263], [268], [273], [293–4], [314], [315], [317];
Watt’s imperfections, [258];
his infirm health and intolerance of inefficient workmen, [251], [269], [270], [272], [276–7], [308–9], [311–12], [316], [348];
invents letter-copying machine, [265];
opinion on patent right, [280–281];
rotary motion, [286], [293], [299–301], [311], [318], [325], [327], [359];
Washborough and Pickard’s piracy, [288–93];
invents contrivance for stopping engine, [306];
equalising beam, [307];
experiments on nutgalls, [307];
new patent, [300], [309–310];
visits Radstoke about Hornblowers’ engine, [322–3];
steam applied to the tilt-hammer, [333];
parallel motion, [334];
the governor, [335];
opinions of free commerce, [345];
financial caution, [364–5];
theory on the composition of water, [377–81];
connexion with the Lunar Society, [367];
experiments on bleaching by chlorine, [381];
takes pleasure tours, [402];
interview with the king, [403];
fears for his son’s safety, [415–417];
letter on steam-navigation, [445];
his garret-workshop, [460], [493], [495], [513–14];
search after investments, [460–61];
his bereavements, [466–74];
enjoys retirement, [460], [475];
studies medical chemistry, [467];
sorrow at the death of Boulton, [488];
cheerful occupation of declining years, [489–90];
statuary-copying machine, [491];
medallions of his friends, [492];
consulted by the Glasgow Waterworks Company, his tours and visits, [497–8];
Sir W. Scott, Jeffrey, Mrs. Schimmelpenninck, on Watt’s character and attainments, [501–3];
caustic criticism by Watt, [506];
last illness and death, monumental honours, [507–8];
honours conferred upon and offered to him, [509];
modest estimate of himself, traits of character, [510–12];
concluding reflections, [513].
Watt, Mrs. James, [218];
letters to Boulton about life in Cornwall, [235];
Watt’s distresses, [276–7], [308], [475];
is very particular in domestic affairs, [496].
Watt, James, junr.,—his education and attainments, [403–4], [406];
Manchester life and training, his confidence in Boulton, [405–7];
his political proclivities, [408], [417];
a delegate to the Jacobin Club, [414];
scene with Robespierre, flees Paris, is denounced by Burke in the House of Commons, [415];
his liberty endangered, [416];
settles to business, [417];
his business ability, [418].
Watt, Thomas, the engineer’s grandfather, [79–82].
Wedgwood, Josiah, and Boulton, [172–3], [201];
a mining adventurer, [273];
commercial politics, [343];
a member of the Lunar Society, his delicate and generous conduct towards Priestley, [374–5], [465].
Wilkinson, John, of Broseley, constructs the first iron boats, [212–13];
orders first engine from Boulton and Watt, [215];
casts cylinders for Boulton and Watt, [216–224];
a mining adventurer, [273];
orders rotary engine, [318].
William III. and Savery, [50].
Withering, Dr., and the Lunar Society, [201], [369], [383], [409], [413], [465].
Woodcroft, B., on Hero of Alexandria, [7];
Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [23];
steam navigation, [448], [452].
Worcester, Edw., Marquis of,—birth and family, early life and studies, water-commanding steam-engine, ‘Century of Inventions,’ [10–13], [16–23];
his escutcheon lock, [17];
a Royalist in the civil war, advances money to the king, [12];
his exile and return, imprisonment in the Tower, College of Artisans at Vauxhall, [13];
his poverty, [14];
revived hopes, [15];
patented inventions, [16];
descriptions of his engine, [19];
seeks access to the king, [24];
his embarrassments, [25];
his death, [25].
Worcester, Marchioness of,—zeal for her deceased husband’s honour, [25], [27], [28].
Y.
York Buildings Engine, [206];
improved by Smeaton, [217], [227].

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.

Lately published. By the same Author.
Vols. I. and II., 8vo., 42s., with 5 Steel Portraits and 200 Illustrations on Wood.

LIVES OF THE ENGINEERS;
WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR PRINCIPAL WORKS, AND A HISTORY OF INLAND COMMUNICATION IN BRITAIN.