As respects the immense advantages of railways to mankind there can not be two opinions. They exhibit, probably, the grandest organization of capital and labor that the world has yet seen. Although they have unhappily occasioned great loss to many, the loss has been that of individuals, while, as a national system, the gain has already been enormous. As tending to multiply and spread abroad the conveniences of life, opening up new fields of industry, bringing nations nearer to each other, and thus promoting the great ends of civilization, the founding of the railway system by George Stephenson and his son must be regarded as one of the most important events, if not the very greatest, in the first half of this nineteenth century.
THE STEPHENSON MEMORIAL SCHOOLS, WILLINGTON QUAY.
[INDEX.]
Accident, G. Stephenson's stage-coach, [389].
Accidents in coal-mines, [175], [196].
Adam, Mr., counsel for Liverpool and Manchester Railway Bill, [265].
Adhesion of wheel and rail, [82], [152], [156], [165].
Albert, Prince, an early traveler by rail, [390].
Alderson, Mr., counsel against Liverpool and Manchester Railway Bill, [268], [271], [274], [275].
Allcard, Wm., [283].
Alton Grange, G. Stephenson's house at, [344].
Ambergate, land-slip at, [372];
lime-works at, [394], [395].
Anderson, Dr., his early advocacy of railroads, [73].
Arnold, Dr., on railways, [390].
Atmospheric railways, [402], [403], [426-428].
Bald, Robert, mining engineer, [198], [212].
Barrow, Sir John, on railway speed, [262].
Beaumont, Mr., his wooden wagon-ways, [48].
Belgium, railways in, [382];
G. Stephenson's visits to, [382], [383], [415].
Benton Colliery and village, [138], [140], [151].
Berkeley, Mr., on railways, [341].
Berwick, Royal Border Bridge at, [430].
Bird-nesting, G. Stephenson's love of, [106], [109], [380], [491].
Black Callerton Colliery, [109], [116], [117].
Blackett, Mr. Wylam, [102], [153], [154], [157-161].
Blast, the steam, its invention, [170].
Blenkinsop, Mr., Leeds, his locomotive, [155-157], [162].
Blisworth Cutting, [355].
Boiler, the multitubular, its invention, [316-318].
Booth, Henry, [256], [312], [318], [319].
Boulton, Matthew, his tubular boiler, [316-318].
Boulton and Watt, and the locomotive, [63-68].
Bradshaw, Mr., his opposition to Liverpool and Manchester line, [255], [258].
Braithwaite and Ericsson's "Novelty," [322-324].
Brake, G. Stephenson's self-acting, [334], [398].
Brakeing of colliery engines, [116-118], [131].
Brandling, Messrs., [184], [191], [192], [431].
Brandreth's "Cycloped," [322].
Bridge building, rapid progress of, [431], [432].
Bridges—
Royal Border, [430];
High-Level, Newcastle, [431];
Britannia (Menai), [439-442];
Conway, [451];
Victoria, Lower Canada, [476].
Britannia Bridge, North Wales, [449], [452-459].
Brougham, William, counsel for Liverpool and Manchester Bill, [262], [265].
Bruce, Mr., R. Stephenson's schoolmaster, [141].
Brunel, I. K., [423-427], [486].
Brunton's "Mechanical Traveler," 157.
Brussels, railway celebrations at, [383], [416].
Buckland, Dr., [467].
Bull Bridge, near Ambergate, [373].
Bull, Edward, his Cornish engine, [76];
William, partner of Trevithick, [76], [88].
Burrell, G. Stephenson's partner, [207].
Burstall's "Perseverance," [322], [326].
Callerton Colliery and village, [109], [116], [117].
Canada, railways in, Pref., [v.], [476].
Canal Companies' opposition to railways, [260], [341].
Cardiff and Merthyr Railroad, [73].
Carrying stock of railways, Pref., [ix.], [334].
Cattle brought to London by rail, Pref., [xx.]
Chapman's locomotive, [157], [163].
"Charlotte Dundas," the first practical steam-boat, [70].
Chat Moss, surveying on, [252], [264];
railway constructed on, [283-288].
Chester and Birkenhead Railway, [402];
and Holyhead Railway, [438].
Chesterfield, town of, [395], [471].
Clanny, Dr., his safety-lamp, [179], [196].
Clark, Edwin, R. Stephenson's assistant, [448].
Claycross Colliery, [394], [420].
Coach, first railway, [240].
Coal, working of, [100], [101];
supply of, to London, Pref., [xxv.];
haulage of, [153], [161];
supply of, by railways, [386], [392].
Coal Railways, G. Stephenson on, [393].
Cochrane, Lord, and Peruvian revolution, [89].
Coe, William, [116], [117], [121], [125].
Coffin, Sir Isaac, on railways, [280].
Collieries, G. Stephenson's, at Snibston, [344];
at Claycross, [392].
Colombia, R. Stephenson's residence in, [301-308].
Companies, joint-stock railway, [339], [404].
Contractors and railways, [353], [360], [361], [493].
Conversation, G. Stephenson's love of, [463], [491].
Conway, tubular bridge at, [450], [451].
Cooper, Sir A., R. Stephenson's interview with, [350].
Cornish engineers, early, [75], [76].
Correspondence, G. Stephenson's, [297], [379], [380].
Crib-work, Victoria Bridge, [479], [480].
Cropper, Isaac, Liverpool, [293], [313], [325].
"Crowdie night," a, [465].
Croydon and Merstham Railroad, [74], [216].
Cubitt, W., evidence of, on Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [272].
Cugnot, N., his road locomotive, [60].
Curr, John, his cast-iron tram-way, [50].
Cuttings—
Olive Mount, [291];
Tring, [354];
Blisworth, [355];
Ambergate, [372];
Oakenshaw, [372].
Darlington, railway projected at, [218].
Darwin, Erasmus, his fiery chariot, [53-59].
Davy, Sir H., on Trevithick's steam-carriage, [79];
his paper on fire-damp, [179];
his safety-lamp, [189];
testimonial to, [191];
his lamp compared with Stephenson's, [195].
Denman, Lord, [463].
Derby, Earl of, and Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [252], [258], [280].
Dewley Burn Colliery, [107-111].
Direct lines, rage for, [408].
Dixon, John, assists in survey of Stockton and Darlington Railway, [219], [236];
resident engineer Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [283].
Dodds, Ralph, Killingworth, [132], [139].
Dutton Viaduct, [366].
East Coast route to Scotland, [426].
Edgeworth, R. L., early speculations on railways, [56], [57].
Eggs, brought to London by rail, Pref., [xxii.]
Egypt, R. Stephenson's tubular bridges in, [475];
Suez Canal, [484], [485].
Electric telegraphing on railways, Pref., [xiii.]
Emerson, G. Stephenson's meeting with, [469], [470].
Ericsson's "Novelty," [322-324].
Evans, Oliver, his steam-carriage, [71], [72];
his boiler, [77].
Explosions from fire-damp, [175].
Fairbairn, William, C.E., early friendship with G. Stephenson, [124], [125];
experiments on iron tubes for R. Stephenson, [446].
Fire-damp, explosions of, [175].
Fish brought to London by rail, Pref., [xxi.]
Fitch, John, American engineer, [71].
Food brought to London by rail, Pref., [xix.]
Forth-Street Works, Newcastle, [232], [396].
Foster, Jonathan, Wylam, [158].
Foundations—of bridge on the Derwent, [372];
of High-Level Bridge, Newcastle, [434];
of Victoria Bridge, Montreal, [479].
Free Trade, G. Stephenson's notions of, [494], [495].
Friction, G. Stephenson's early experiments in, [202];
and gradients, [400].
Frolic, G. Stephenson's love of, [135], [375], [465].
Gauge of railways, [234], [424].
"Geordy" safety-lamp, [175-195].
Gilbert, Davies, and Trevithick, [79], [82], [83].
Giles, Francis, C.E., his evidence against Liverpool and Manchester Railway Bill, [273], [275], [289].
Gooch, Thomas, C.E., [277], [295], [328], [330].
Government and railways, [337], [338].
Gradients and friction, [202], [400].
Grand Allies, Killingworth, [135].
Grand Junction Railway, [341], [365].
Grand Trunk Railway, Canada, [476].
Gray, Thomas, and the locomotive, [156], [311].
Great Western Railway, [340], [342], [424].
Greenwich Railway opened as a "show," Pref., [xv.]
Gurney, Goldsworthy, [171], [317].
Hackworth, T., and the steam-blast, [174];
his locomotive "Sanspareil," 322, [324], [325], [326].
Half-lap joint, G. Stephenson's, [200].
Harrison, Mr., counsel against Liverpool and Manchester Bill, [265], [272], [276].
Harvey, Mr., engineer, Hayle, [76].
Hedley, William, Wylam, [159], [160], [171].
Henderson, Fanny, G. Stephenson's first wife, [118], [123], [125], [127].
Heppel, Kit, Killingworth, [132], [135].
Hetton Railway constructed by G. Stephenson, [208].
High-Level Bridge, Newcastle, [433].
Hindmarsh, Miss, G. Stephenson's second wife, [214].
Hodgkinson, Professor, his calculations as to strength of iron tubes, [447].
Holyhead, railway to, [438].
Hornblower, Jonathan, [75], [76].
Horticulture, G. Stephenson's experiments in, [460], [461].
Horse traction on railways, [48], [57], [74], [153], [166], [234], [240].
Howick, Lord, his support of atmospheric railways, [427];
G. Stephenson's interview with, [428], [429].
Hudson, George, the "Railway King," [407], [411].
Huskisson, Mr., an early advocate of railways, [278], [280];
fatal accident to, [331].
Hydraulic press used to lift the tubes at the Britannia Bridge, [456].
Ice-flood at Montreal, [481], [482].
Inclined planes, self-acting, [149], [150], [162].
India, railways in, Pref., [iv.]
Iron bridge building, progress in, [432], [443].
Italian railways, Pref., [iv.]
James, William, surveys Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [248];
visit to Killingworth, [250];
arrangement with Stephenson and Losh, [251];
compelled to relinquish the survey, [253], [254].
James, W. H., his tubular boiler, [317].
Jameson, Professor, Edinburg, [213].
Jessop, William, his cast-iron edge-rail, [51].
Joy, Mr., counsel for Liverpool and Manchester Bill, [265], [268].
Keelmen of the Tyne, [101], [102].
Kent, opposition to railways in, [342].
Killingworth, [126], [129];
High Pit, [131];
locomotive, [168];
underground machinery, [198];
visited by Edward Pease, [230];
W. James, [250];
promoters of Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [257].
Kilmarnock and Troon tram-road, [206].
Kilsby Tunnel, [342], [357-361], [363].
Lambton, Mr. (Earl of Durham), [225].
Lamp, invention of the safety, [175].
Land-slip at Ambergate, [372].
Landlords and railways, [223], [252], [341], [352], [469].
Lardner, Dr., on undulating lines, [400].
Leicester and Swannington Railway, [343].
Leopold, King, G. Stephenson's interviews with, [382], [383], [416].
Lime-works at Ambergate, [394], [395].
Littleborough Tunnel, [368].
Liverpool and Manchester Railway projected, [247];
survey by W. James, [249];
George Stephenson appointed engineer, [254];
virulent opposition, [259], [260];
the bill in committee, [265];
rejected, [277];
renewed application, [278];
the bill passed, [280];
the railway constructed, [281];
discussion as to the power to be employed to work the line, [311];
prize offered for the best locomotive, [314];
the competition at Rainhill, [322];
triumph of the "Rocket," [326];
public opening of the railway, [330];
its success, [332].
Locke, Joseph, C.E., resident engineer on Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [283].
Locomotive engine gradually perfected, [47];
Sir I. Newton's idea, [53];
Darwin's, [53-59];
Cugnot's, [60-63];
James Watt's, [60], [64];
William Murdock's model locomotive, [66];
William Symington's model, [68-70];
Oliver Evans's 71;
Richard Trevithick's steam-carriage and first locomotive, [77-82];
Blenkinsop's Leeds locomotive, [155];
Blackett's Wylam locomotive, [157-161];
Stephenson's Killingworth locomotive, [164-170];
farther improvements by Stephenson, [201], [202];
locomotives constructed for Stockton and Darlington Railway, [235];
the "Rocket," [319];
farther improvements in locomotives, [335];
number of locomotives in the United Kingdom, Pref., [ix.], [x.];
self-feeding apparatus of, ib., [xiv.]
Locomotive workshops at Newcastle, the Stephensons', [232], [396].
London and Birmingham Railway, [349-364].
London, railways in, opening or the Greenwich line, Pref., [xv.];
magnitude of suburban traffic, ib., [xvi.];
new lines opened, ib., [xvi.];
population increased by, ib., [xviii.];
provisioning of London, ib., [xix.];
coal supply of, ib., [xxv.]
Losh, Mr. Stephenson's partner, [201], [233].
Lough's statue of G. Stephenson, [472].
Mackworth, Sir H., his sailing-wagon, [52].
Mail service by railway, Pref., [xxvi.]
Manchester, railways projected in connection with, [340];
and Leeds Railway, [366].
Mania, the railway, [405], [406].
Maps—
of Newcastle district, [98];
Stockton and Darlington Railway, [224];
Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [250-251];
Leicester and Swannington Railway, [343];
London and Birmingham Railway, [354];
Midland Railway, [370];
Straits of Menai, [442].
Mechanics' Institutes, G. Stephenson at meetings of, [397].
Menai, bridge over Straits of, [439].
Merchandise, traffic of London, Pref., [xxvi.]
Merstham tram-road, [74], [217].
Merthyr tram-road, [73];
Trevithick's locomotive tried on, [80].
Middlesborough-on-Tees, growth of, [245].
Midland Railway, [370].
Milk brought to London by rail, Pref., [xxiv.]
Miller, Mr., Dalswinton, and steam navigation, [70].
Montreal, Victoria Bridge at, [476].
Moore, Francis, his patent for steam-carriages, [63].
Morecambe Bay, G. Stephenson's proposed line across, [376].
Moss, Chat (see [Chat Moss]).
Multitubular boiler, invention of the, [318].
Murdock, William, his model locomotive, [66];
Watt discourages his application to the subject, [67], [77].
Murray, Matthew, and the Leeds locomotive, [155].
Nasmyth's steam-hammer first applied to pile-driving, [434].
Navvies, Railway, [362].
Newcastle-on-Tyne, early history, [97];
Literary and Philosophical Institute, [142], [185], [189], [209], [494];
Mechanics' Institute, [397];
High-Level Bridge, [431].
Newcastle and Berwick Railway, [426].
Newcomen's atmospheric engine, [100].
Neville's tubular boiler, [317], [318].
Newton, Sir I., his idea of steam locomotion, [53].
Nicholson's steam-jet, [82], [171].
Nile, R. Stephenson's tubular bridges over the, [475].
North Midland Railway, [370], [373], [374].
North, Roger, description of early tram-roads, [49].
Northampton, opposition of, to railways, [342].
Northumberland Atmospheric Railway, [427].
"Novelty" locomotive, [323].
Oaks Pit Colliery explosion, [195].
Offices, Stephenson's London, [381], [407].
Old Quay Navigation, Liverpool, [256].
Olive Mount Cutting, [291].
Openings of railways—
Hetton, [209];
Stockton and Darlington, [236];
Liverpool and Manchester, [330];
London and Birmingham, [384];
in Midland Counties, [384];
East Coast route to Scotland, [426], [437]:
Britannia Bridge, [458];
Trent Valley, [469].
Opposition to railways—
in country districts, [337], [341];
at Northampton, [342];
in Kent, [342];
at Eton, [342];
to London and Birmingham, [350].
Organization—of early railways, [330], [333];
of modern railways, Pref., [xi.]
Outram's railway, first use of stone blocks, [51].
Parliament and railways, [338], [406], [410].
Parr Moss, railway across, [288].
Passenger-carriage, the first, [240].
Passenger-traffic, beginnings of, Pref., [vii.], [xv.], [240], [241], [333], [338];
of London, Pref., [xvii.]
Pease, Edward, promotes Stockton and Darlington Railway, his character, [222];
anticipations concerning railways, [225];
intercourse with George Stephenson, [227], [229], [230], [231], [232];
assists George Stephenson with capital, [232];
faith in the locomotive, [235], [246];
letter to Robert Stephenson, [306], [307].
Peel, Sir R., on undulating lines, [409], [410];
G. Stephenson's visit to, [467].
Penmaen Mawr, railway under, [439].
Pen-y-darran, Trevithick's locomotive made and tried at, [80-82].
Permanent way, Pref., [viii.], [xi.], [159], [200].
Peruvian mining, Trevithick's adventures in connection with, [87].
Petherick, J., his description of Trevithick's steam-carriage, [78], [79].
Phillips, Sir Richard, on railroads, [217].
Pile-driving by steam, [434]
Pitmen, habits and character of Newcastle, [100], [101].
Plate-ways, [50], [82].
Politics, G. and R. Stephenson's, [494].
Population of London, how influenced by railways, Pref., [xviii.]
Postal service and railways, Pref., [xxvii.]
Potatoes brought to London by rail, Pref., [xxiii.]
Poultry brought to London by rail, Pref., [xxii.]
Primrose Hill Tunnel, [356].
Professional charges, G. Stephenson's, [382].
Provisioning of London, Pref., [xix.]
Pyrenean pastoral, [418].
Quarterly Review on railway speed, [263].
Queen, the, her first use of the railway, [390];
opens the High-Level and Royal Border Bridges, [437];
visits the Britannia Bridge, [456].
Rails—
stone blocks first used, [48];
planks, [48];
plates of iron, [50];
cast-iron rails, [50];
flanched rails, [51];
tram-plates at Merthyr, [81];
Wylam wagon-way, [153];
rack-rail, [156], [157], [159], [160];
heavier cast-iron rails used, [160];
roughly laid, [200];
Stephenson's half-lap joint, [200];
Stephenson recommends wrought-iron rails, [233];
temporary rails in constructing roads, [284];
Vignolles's and Ericsson's central friction, [311];
strained by high speed, [399].
Railway locomotive (see [Locomotive]).
Railway king, the, [407], [411].
Railway speed (see [Speed]).
Railway speculation and mania, [374], [401-405].
Railways, length of, constructed, Pref., [iii.];
in India, ib., [iv.];
in United States, ib., [vi.];
carrying stock of, ib., [ix.];
effects of, ib., [xv.];
in London, ib., [xv.];
number of workmen employed on, ib., [xxviii.]
Railways constructed and opened—
Cardiff and Merthyr, [73];
Sirhowy, [73];
Wandsworth, Croydon, and Merstham, [73], [74];
Wylam, [160];
Kilmarnock and Troon, [206];
Hetton, [207];
Stockton and Darlington, [224];
Liverpool and Manchester, [247];
Canterbury and Whitstable, [339];
Grand Junction, [340], [365];
Leicester and Swannington, [343];
London and Birmingham, [349];
Manchester and Leeds, [366];
Midland, [370];
in Belgium, [382];
Chester and Birkenhead, [402];
Newcastle and Darlington, [412];
Newcastle and Berwick, [414], [426];
Royal North of Spain, [417];
Chester and Holyhead, [438];
Trent Valley Railway, [469];
Grand Trunk, Lower Canada, [476].
Rainhill, locomotive contest at, [322].
Ramsbottom's locomotive self-feeding apparatus, Pref., [xiv.]
Rastrick, Mr., C.E., [153], [312], [315].
Ravensworth, Lord, [135], [192].
Rennie, John, C.E., [220], [221];
Messrs. Rennie and Liverpool and Manchester line, [279], [281].
Residential area of London, enlarged by railways, Pref., [xvii.]
Richardson, Thomas, Lombard Street, [230], [232], [266], [267], [307].
Road locomotion—
Stevin's sailing-coach, [52];
Mackworth's and Edgeworth's sailing-wagons, [52], [53], [57];
Cugnot's road locomotive, [61];
Murdock's model, [66];
Symington's steam-carriage, [68];
Oliver Evans's locomotive, [71], [72];
Trevithick's steam-carriage, [77];
G. Stephenson's views of locomotion on common roads, [202-205];
House of Commons report in favor of, [338].
Robins at Alton Grange, anecdote of, [381].
"Rocket" locomotive, the, [319-328].
Roscoe, Mr., his farm on Chat Moss, [282], [283].
Ross, A. M., joint engineer of Victoria Bridge, Montreal, [477].
Royal Border Bridge, Berwick, [429].
Safety-lamp—
Dr. Clanny's, [179];
George Stephenson's first lamp, [180];
second and third lamps, [186];
Sir H. Davy's paper on fire-damp, [179];
his lamp, [187];
dates when lamps produced, [188];
controversy Davy v. Stephenson, [187];
comparative merits of lamps, [195].
Safety of railway traveling, Pref., [x.]
Sailing-coaches and wagons, [52], [53], [57].
Saint Fond on colliery wagon-roads, [49].
Saint Lawrence River, Victoria Bridge across, [476-484].
Sandars, Mr., Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [248], [253], [254], [255], [262], [263], [297], [313].
Sankey Viaduct, [292], [293].
"Sanspareil" locomotive, Hackworth's, [324], [325].
Scarborough, railway to, [374].
Screw-propeller patented by Trevithick, [86].
Seguin, M., his tubular boiler, [317], [318].
Self-feeding apparatus of boilers, Pref., [xiv.]
Sheep carried to London by rail, Pref., [xxi.]
Sibthorp, Col., on railways, [341], [390], [391].
Signaling of railway trains, Pref., [xi.]
Simplon, Midland Railway compared with road over the, [371].
Sirhowy Railroad, [73].
Snibston, George Stephenson's sinking for coal at, [344].
Sopwith, Mr., F.R.S., [416], [467].
South Devon atmospheric railway, [428].
Spain, George Stephenson's visit to, [418].
Spankie, Mr. Sergeant, counsel for Liverpool and Manchester Railway Bill, [271].
Speculation in railways, [374], [401];
G. Stephenson on, [406], [407];
R. Stephenson and, [425].
Speed, railway, Pref., [viii.];
on Liverpool and Manchester line, [332];
George Stephenson on, [398], [399].
Spur-gear, George Stephenson's, [164], [165].
Stage-coach traveling, Pref., [vii.], [337], [387], [389].
Statues of George Stephenson, [472].
Steam-blast, invention of the, [168], [170];
rival claims, [170], [171];
of the "Rocket," [320].
Steam-boat, the first working, [70].
Stephenson family, the—
Robert and Mabel, George's father and mother, [103-105];
brothers and sisters, [111], [112];
old Robert, [123];
maintained by his son George, [129].
Stephenson, George, birth and birthplace, [103], [104];
his parents, [105];
boyhood, [107-110];
fireman and engine-man, [109-113];
learns to read, [114];
learns to brake, [116], [117];
makes and mends shoes and "falls in love," [118];
thrashes a bully, [119], [120];
self-improvement, [121];
removes to Willington, [122];
marries Fanny Henderson, [123];
studies mechanics, perpetual motion, [124];
cleans clocks, [125];
birth of only son and removal to Killingworth, [126];
death of his wife, [127];
goes to Scotland, his pump boot, [128];
returns to Killingworth, ibid.;
brakesman at West Moor pit, [129];
joins in a brakeing contract, [130], [131];
cures a pumping-engine, [132-134];
appointed engine-wright, [135];
education of his son, [139-141];
his cottage at West Moor, [146];
the sun-dial, [148], [149];
studies the locomotive, [151], [161-163];
his first traveling-engine, [163-170];
invents his safety-lamp, [179-186];
improves underground machinery at Killingworth, [198];
patent for improved rails and chairs, [200], [201];
experiments on friction, [202];
constructs Hetton Railroad, [208];
marries Elizabeth Hindmarsh, [214];
appointed engineer of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, [228], [229];
commences locomotive factory at Newcastle, [232];
supplies locomotives to Stockton and Darlington Railway, [235];
appointed engineer to Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [254];
obstructions to the survey, [259], [260];
his evidence in committee, [266];
bill rejected, [277];
reappointed engineer, [281];
construction of Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [282-295];
battle of the locomotive, [310-315];
triumph of the "Rocket" at Rainhill, [319-328];
organization of the railway traffic, [333];
improvements of the locomotive, [335];
the self-acting brake, [334], [398];
leases the Snibston estate, [344];
engineer of Manchester and Leeds Railway, [366];
engineer of North Midland, [371];
of York and North Midland, [373];
quickness of observation, [375];
proposed line across Morecambe Bay, [376];
immense labors, [377];
extensive correspondence, [379], [380];
London office, [381];
visits to Belgium, [382], [383];
leases Claycross estate and colliery, [394];
on railway speculation, [406], [407];
third visit to Belgium, [415];
visit to Spain, [417];
interview with Lord Howick, [428], [429];
life in retirement at Tapton, [460];
visit to Sir Robert Peel, [467];
theory about sun's light, [468];
illness and death, [470];
statues of, [472];
characteristics, [487-492].
Stephenson, Robert, his birth, [126];
boyhood and education, [140-143];
boyish tricks, [143], [144];
scientific amusements, [145];
teaches algebra, [148];
joint production with his father of a sun-dial, [148], [149];
assists his father in safety-lamp experiments, [181], [184];
Newcastle Institute, [209];
apprenticed as coal-viewer, [209];
coal-pit explosion, narrow escape, joint studies with his father, [210];
sent to Edinburg University, [211];
his notes of lectures, [212];
life in Edinburg, [213];
geological excursion in the Highlands, return to Killingworth, [213], [214];
assists Mr. James in survey of Liverpool and Manchester Railway, [252];
makes drawings for engines, [301];
engages with Colombian Mining Association, and residence in South America, [301-306];
resigns his situation, [306];
meeting with Trevithick at Cartagena, [308];
shipwreck, [308];
tour in the United States, and return home, [309];
cooperates with his father in the locomotive competition, [315];
builds the "Rocket," [319];
engineer of Leicester and Swannington Railway, [343];
engineer of London and Birmingham Railway, [349];
marriage to Miss Sanderson, [353];
report on atmospheric system, [404];
succeeds his father generally as engineer, [421];
his extensive practice, [422], [423];
his caution, [425], [448], [456];
engineer of High-Level Bridge, Newcastle, [431];
engineer of Chester and Holyhead Railway, [438];
designs the first iron tubular bridge, [444];
opens the Britannia Bridge, [457];
designs tubular bridges over the Nile, [475];
designs the Victoria Tubular Bridge, Lower Canada, [477];
member of House of Commons, [484];
honors, [485];
present at launch of "Great Eastern," [486];
illness and death, [487];
characteristics, [492-494].
Stevin's sailing-coach, [52].
Stockton and Darlington Railway projected and surveyed, [222];
Edward Pease, promoter, [222];
act obtained, [224];
George Stephenson resurveys and constructs line, [228], [229];
line opened, [236];
coal-traffic, [239];
first passenger-traffic, [240], [241];
growth of Middlesborough, [245].
Straits of Menai, bridge over, [441].
Strathmore, Earl of, [135], [192].
Suez Canal, Robert Stephenson's opinion of, [484], [485].
Summers and Ogle's tubular boiler, [317].
Sun-dial at Killingworth, [148], [149], [396].
Sun's light and coal formation, G. Stephenson's ideas on, [468], [491].
Sunshine, effect of, on tubes of Britannia Bridge, [458].
Superheated steam, Trevithick's use of, [91].
Swanwick, Frederick, G. Stephenson's secretary, [297], [299], [315].
Sylvester, Mr., on maximum speed, [264].
Symington, William, his working model of a road locomotive, [68];
co-operation with Miller of Dalswinton in applying power to boats, [70];
his misfortunes and death, [70].
Tapton House, George Stephenson's residence at, [392], [395], [460].
Telegraph signaling on railways, Pref., [xiii.]
Thames Tunnel begun by Trevithick, [85], [86].
Thirlwall, William, engineer, [108].
Thomas, Mr., of Denton, on railways, [73].
Traffic, passenger, beginnings of, Pref., [vi.], [xv.],
[240], [241], [333], [385], [388];
cattle, Pref., [xx.];
coal, ib., [xxv.], [153], [161], [386], [392];
food, Pref., [xix.];
merchandise, ib., [xxvi.];
poultry, etc., ib., [xxii.];
postal, ib., [xxvi.]
Train service of London, Pref., [xvii.]
Tram-ways, early, [48], [49], [73], [106], [152].
Trevithick, Richard, birth and education, [74];
engineering ability in youth, [75];
partner with Andrew Vivian at Camborne, [76];
his improved engine and boiler, [77];
his steam-carriage for roads, [77-79];
carriage exhibited in London, [79], [80];
constructs the first railway locomotive, [80];
dredges the Thames by steam-power, [83];
his high-pressure engines and new patents, [83], [84];
partly constructs a Thames tunnel, [85], [86];
returns to Camborne, new patents, [86];
his tubular boiler, engines for Peru, [86], [87];
goes to Lima, received with honors, [88];
civil war and ruin, [89];
meets Robert Stephenson at Cartagena, [90];
shipwreck and return to England, [91];
new inventions, his last days and death in poverty, [92], [93];
his character, his important inventions, ibid.;
his locomotive, [152], [153], [170], [317].
Tring Cutting, [354].
Trinity Church, Chesterfield, G. Stephenson's burial-place, [471].
"Tubbing" in coal-pits, [344].
Tubes, floating of, at Conway, [451], [452];
at Menai Strait, [452];
lifting of the, [455];
erection of, at Victoria Bridge, Montreal, [480].
Tubular boilers by various inventors, [317].
Tubular bridges—
over Menai Straits, [443];
at Conway, [451], [452];
at Damietta and Benha, Lower Egypt, [475];
at Montreal, [480].
Tunnels—
at Liverpool, [290];
at Primrose Hill, [356];
at Kilsby, [357];
at Littleborough, [368].
Turner, Rev. William, Newcastle, [185].
Undulating Railways, theory of, [400].
United States, railways in, Pref., [v.]
Uvillé, M., and Trevithick, [87-89].
Vegetables carried to London by rail, Pref., [xxiii.]
Viaducts—
Sankey, [292];
Dutton, [366];
Berwick, [430];
Newcastle, [431].
Victoria Bridge, Montreal, [477].
Vignolles, Charles, C.E., [279], [291], [311].
Vivian, Andrew, Trevithick's partner, [76].
Walker, James, C.E., report on fixed and locomotive engines, [312].
Wallsend, [97].
Walmsley, Sir Joshua, [418], [419].
Waters, Mr., Gateshead, [158].
Watt, James, his model locomotive, [60];
his scheme of 1784, [64], [65];
discourages application of steam to locomotion, [67].
"Way-leave" tram-ways, [49].
Wellington, Duke of, and railways, [330-332], [390].
West Moor Colliery, [177], [214].
Wharncliffe, Lord, and George Stephenson, [135], [367].
Wheat carried to London by rail, Pref., [xx.]
Whinfield, Mr., Gateshead, [154].
Wigham, John, G. Stephenson's teacher, [138].
Williams, Mr. Scorrier, his gratitude to Trevithick, [77].
Willington Quay, G. Stephenson at, [122].
Wind, power of, employed in locomotion, [52], [57].
Wood, Nicholas, testimony concerning Stephenson's invention of the steam-blast, [171-173];
makes drawing for Stephenson's safety-lamp, [180];
assists in experiments, [180], [185], [189], [196], [198];
in colliery explosions, [210];
on the locomotive, [262], [314], [315].
Woolf, Cornish engineer, [84], [317].
Workmen, railway, Pref., [xxviii.], [336], [362].
Wylam Colliery and village, [102-104];
wagon-way, [153].
York and North Midland Railway, [373], [374];
public opening of, [384].
Young, Arthur, on early tram-ways, [49].
THE END.