THE·MAPLE·PRESS·YORK·PA

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

In offering to the public a new edition of “Specifications for Street Roadway Pavements” the author has taken advantage of the opportunity to revise and expand somewhat the matter in the original edition and to add thereto Instructions for Inspectors on pavement work.

Since the publication of the original pamphlet in 1907 no little advance has been made in the design and construction of street pavements and the framing of specifications for that work. Aside from the personal study and efforts of individual engineers, the Association for Standardizing Paving Specifications, organized in the latter part of 1909, has held four important conventions, devoted to the improvement and standardization of specifications for street pavements, and its able standing Committees have devoted much time and thought to the subject. The American Society of Municipal Improvements has also devoted much attention to the subject and has adopted standard specifications for most of the common kinds of pavement. Other organizations have been working along the same lines.

Under these circumstances it might be thought that there is no longer any pressing need for the continuance of individual efforts in this field, and it has been with some hesitation that the author has returned to it. Without venturing to criticise the work done by these public organizations it has seemed to the author that there is yet room for individual work in this field, if for no other reason than that there still remain quite divergent views not only as to the substance, but as to the form, scope and phraseology of specifications, and contributions based upon some knowledge and experience in street pavement may not be without value in reaching final conclusions.

As might be expected experience and observation during the past five years have, in a number of particulars, modified the author’s opinions and shown where the original specifications offered might be improved and enlarged, so that while, in the main, those now offered follow the original text, the reader will find not a few changes. There has also been added specifications for two comparatively new kinds of roadway pavement that have merited attention, and for concrete sidewalk and concrete combined curb and gutter.

So far as the author is aware there has not been printed, in America at least, any complete and comprehensive code of instructions for pavement inspectors, though there appears to be a demand, as there certainly is a need, for something of the kind.

Having been asked about a year since to prepare such a set of instructions for the use of one American city, the author has rewritten parts of them in a more general form, and they are printed (with the permission of the engineer for whom they were written) as Part II of this edition. While they would need some revision and modification to meet the conditions and special specification provisions in any particular city, it is thought they may be useful in at least suggesting the points to be covered.

CONTENTS

PART I
SPECIFICATIONS
IntroductoryPage
Value of general specifications[1]
Theory of specifications[1]
Street paving work[2]
Specifications should be fair and just to contractor[4]
Relations of contractor to municipality[6]
Advertisements for proposals[7]
Instructions to bidders[9]
Relation between specifications and contract[9]
Specifications[9]
Preparation of specifications[9]
Engineer as arbiter[11]
Itemized unit prices[12]
SPECIFICATIONS
GeneralPageSection
General description of work[13]
Definitions[14]1
Changes in plans and specifications[15]3
Quality of material and work[15]4
Inspection[15]5
Injury to persons and property[16]6
Sanitary and public convenience[16]7–9
Disorderly employees[17]10
Order and progress of work[17]11
Pavement datum[18]12
City monuments and stakes[18]13
Old and new material[18]14–15
Adjusting street structures[18]16
Connection with existing pavements[19]18
Measurements and computations[20]21
Incidental and extra work[20]23–24
Guaranty[21]25
Preparing the sub-grade[22]26
Foundations
Concrete foundations—Portland cement[24]28–29
                    Sand[26]30
                    Stone[26]31
                    Care of materials[27]33
                    Ratios[27]34
                    Mixing Concrete[28]35
                    Placing concrete[29]36
                    Setting of concrete[29]37
Foundation of old paving stone[30]39
Foundation of broken stone[31]40–41
Sheet asphalt pavement
General note[33]
Crude and refined asphalts[36]43–46
Tempering agent[38]47
Sand[38]48
Pulverized stone[39]49
Asphaltic paving cement[39]50
Composition, surface mixture[40]51
Base course[42]52–54
Laying asphalt pavement[42]55–58
Plant[45]59
Asphalt block pavement
Sub-grade and foundation[46]60–61
Asphalt block[46]62
Composition and quality[46]63–64
Laying blocks[48]66
Granite block pavement
Granite blocks[50]71
Sand cushion[51]72
Setting blocks[51]73–74
Filling joints[52]75
Bridge and crossing stone[55]79
Brick pavement
Sub-grade and foundation[56]80–81
Paving brick[56]82–84
Delivering brick[58]85
Sand cushion[58]86
Setting the brick[59]87–89
Filling the joints[60]90
Wood-block pavement
Sub-grade and foundation[62]92–93
Wood-blocks[63]94
Creosote oil[65]95
Preservative treatment[65]96
Laying wood-blocks[66]97
Filling joints[68]98
Inspection[68]99
Expansion joints[68]101
Bituminous concrete pavement
General note[69]
Sub-grade and foundation[70]103–109
Bituminous concrete[71]110
Mixing and laying[73]111–112
Hydraulic concrete pavement
Sub-grade and foundation[73]113
Bottom course[74]115
Top, or surface, course[74]116–120
Expansion joints[76]121
Bituminous surface[77]122
Experimental or Untried Pavements[78]123–126
Concrete Curb and Gutter
General[80]127
Excavation and drainage[81]128–129
Concrete[81]130
Weather[82]132
Expansion joints[82]133
Circular corners[83]134
Steel protection[83]135
Finishing, forms, etc.[83]136–138
Payment for[84]139
Concrete Sidewalks
General note[84]
General dimensions[84]140
Grading[85]141
Drainage[85]142–143
Bottom course[86]144
Surface course[86]145
Expansion joints[87]147
Weather[88]149
Regrading[88]150
Repairing defects[88]151
Measurement and payment[88]152
PART II
INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS
Introductory note[91]
General remarks, inspection and inspectors[91]
General instructions[94]1–13
Sub-foundation work general[96]14
    curbing[97]15
    rough grading[98]16
    fine grading[98]17
    incidental work[98]18
    concrete foundation[98]19
        quality of materials[98]20
        storing materials[99]21
        proportioning[99]22
        mixing concrete[100]23
        placing concrete[100]24–25
Old paving stone foundation[101]26
Broken stone foundation[101]27
Sheet asphalt pavement[101]28
    inspecting at paving plant[102]29–30
    sand[102]31–33
    refined asphalt and flux[103]34–36
    asphaltic cement[103]37
    ratio, sand and cement[104]38
    mixing[104]39
    records[104]40
Inspecting on the street[105]41–42
    temperature of mixture[105]43
    preparing street surface[105]44
    laying binder-course[106]45
    laying surface-course[106]46–50
Asphalt block pavement[107]51–52
Granite block pavement[108]53
    blocks[108]54
    sand cushion[108]55
    setting the block[108]56
    ramming the blocks[109]57
    filling joints[110]58
Brick pavement[110]
    inspecting the brick[110]60
    sand cushion[111]61
    setting brick[111]62
    rolling[111]63
    filling the joints[112]64–65
Wood-block pavement[112]
    inspection of blocks[112]67
    mortar bed[112]68
    setting blocks[113]69
    filling the joints[113]70
Bituminous concrete pavement[113]71–72
Hydraulic concrete pavement[113]73
    foundation[113]74
    surface-course[114]75–77
    expansion joints[114]78
    care of work[114]79
Concrete combined curb and gutter[114]
    concrete[115]81
    removing forms[115]82
    corner protection[115]83
    patching[116]84
Hydraulic concrete sidewalk[116]
    materials[116]86
    drainage[116]87
    two-course work[116]88
    finishing surface[116]89–90