England and Canada / A Summer Tour Between Old and New Westminster, with Historical Notes

by Sandford Fleming

We may look hopefully to the closer union of all countries where our language is spoken as a consummation to be desired in the general interest of mankind. In the meantime as Canadians and British subjects our first duty is the strengthening and consolidating of the State to which we owe allegiance. It is the peculiar privilege of Canada to make manifest her earnest desire to build up and uphold the Empire of which we are an integral part, an Empire without a parallel in the world’s history.

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INDEX.

• Acadia, [106].
• Acadians called on to take oath, [114];
• deportation of, [108], [115].
• Ainsworth, [361].
• Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, [113].
• Albany, Duke of, [74].
• Alexander, Sir Wm., [105].
• Alexandra Steamer, [333].
• Aleyn Simon, Vicar of Bray, [77].
• American Bar, London, [74].
• Amherst, N. S., [16].
• American war, its unfortunate character, [437].
• Anne, Queen, her statue, Minehead Church, [82].
• Annapolis, [105];
• Stone inscription, [105] n.
• Argall, Capt. Samuel, [105].
• Argyle, Duke of, [36].
• Ashburton treaty, [125];
• its commercial effect, [126].
• Ashcroft, [315].
• Astoria, [342].
• Bad weather at sea, [91].
• Baker Mount, [357].
• Baptiste, [297];
• Guide up Eagle Pass, [302].
• Battle Creek, [235].
• Batt’s Hotel, [41].
• Bear Creek, Selkirk range, [264].
• Beauséjour Fort, N. S., [115].
• Beaver Meadow, Kicking-Horse, [244].
• Beaver River (Columbia River), [250].
• Belleisle, Straits of, [98].
• Beresford, Lord C., R.N., [75].
• Biard, Jesuit, [104].
• Billings Station Irrigation, [370].
• Bismarck, [373].
• Blackfoot Crossing, [218].
• Blanchard, [344].
• Blucher, Marshal, his toast, [113].
• Bluff Lake, Eagle Pass, [300].
• Bois-Brulés, [192].
• Bow River, [222];
• crossing, [224], [226].
• Bozzeman, [368].
• Bozzeman tunnel, [369].
• Brandon, [206].
• Bray, [76].
• British Association, [374];
• its proceedings in Dublin in the matter of a paper on standard time, [376].
• Bristol channel, [80].
• British Columbia, [6];
• known as New Caledonia, [342];
• Discovery of gold, [343];
• Political history, [344];
• House of Assembly first called, [344];
• Vancouver Island incorporated with, [345];
• included in Dominion, Number of Senators and members allowed, [345];
• Population, 1870, [346];
• Physical geography, [346];
• Products, [351];
• Scenery, [353];
• Indians, [385].
• British Empire, part which Canada has to take in, [421].
• British family, main characteristics the same, [3].
• Brockville, [144].
• Brophy, Mr., [325].
• Buffalo at Calgary, [226].
• Burdett-Coutts, Baroness, [330].
• Burnside, [204].
• Bury, Lord, [65].
• Brett, John, [103].
• Cabinet Ministers, Imperial, [427].
• Cache Creek, [315].
• Calgary, [219].
• Cambie, H. J., [318], [320].
• Cameron, Duncan, [191].
• Campana, S. S., [150].
• Campbell, Mr., [290].
• Campbellton, N. B., [18].
• Canada influences yet traceable of its early settlement, [435];
• duty to the Empire, [439].
• Canadian Alpine Club, its formation, [269], [301].
• Canadian Camp, Wimbledon, [64].
• Canadian Canals, [133], [140].
• Canadian Government retained portion of the railway work in its control, [395].
• Canadian Pacific Railway, its Montreal terminus, [141];
• its branch to Ottawa, [142];
• line to Winnipeg, [171];
• energy in construction of work, [394];
• principle governing location, [405];
• proposition to leave work on north shore Lake Superior unfinished, [406];
• positive reasons why that section should be constructed, [407];
• reasons for its present location through mountains, [410];
• height of passes, [413].
• Canadians abroad, [72].
• Cape Breton, [110], & n [113].
• Cariboo waggon road, [319].
• Castle Mountain, [232].
• Cedars, large diameter, [299].
• Central Pacific Railway, [413].
• Chalmers, Colonel, [19].
• Champlain, Samuel, [103], [129];
• knew of Lake Superior, [162].
• Chaplin Station, [210].
• Charles I., [105].
• Chinamen, [316].
• Church service on Polynesian, [93].
• Clark’s Fork Valley, [366].
• Climate British Columbia, [346].
• Clyde River, [132].
• Cobourg, [145].
• Cochrane Ranche, [224].
• Collingwood, [151].
• Colonial Government, true principles of, [422].
• Colomb, Captain, [417].
• Columbia River, [253];
• feature of its territory, [257];
• descent to Beaver River, [259];
• junction with Ille-celle-waet, [290];
• not an American citizen north of it in 1846, [364];
• thoroughfare of Hudson’s Bay Co., [364];
• river leaves line Northern Pacific, [364].
• Columbia Valley, [362].
• Commerce (early) of Canada, [139].
• Concert, [99].
• Cook, Captain, coasted Pacific Ocean, [340].
• Corbett’s Eating House, [35].
• Coquetlon River, [328].
• Cornwall, Lt.-Governor, [315].
• Cornwallis, [114].
• Coteau de Missouri, [210].
• Critchelon, Major, [263].
• Croft, Archer, [64].
• Cromwell, Lord Protector, [106].
• Cross Lake, [176].
• Currie, Mr., [290].
• Curry, Thomas, [185].
• Custer Fort, [371].
• Custer, General, his command and its extermination, [371].
• Cypress Station, [212].
• D. Mrs., of Toronto, the one lady at table, [91].
• Dalles, The, [361].
• Dansmuir, Mr., [338].
• Devil’s club, [262];
• poisonous effects, [312].
• Dinner on Steamship, [91].
• Divide Northern Pacific Railway, [367].
• Dominion of Canada, [7].
• Douglas, Fort, [193].
• Douglass, Governor, [343].
• Downing Street in Colonial matters—invariable cause of difficulty, [422].
• Drake visits Pacific Ocean, [340].
• Driard House, [338].
• Dry dock—its advantages [416];
• construction recommended at Burrard Inlet, [418].
• Drynock, [316].
• Dufferin Lord, his speeches at Empire Club, [65], [143], [318].
• Dufferin, Lady, [74], [143].
• Du Luth, [163], [180].
• Dunbar, Mr., [228], [230], [235].
• Eagle Lake, [172].
• Eagle Pass, [253], [298], [303].
• Eagle River, [301].
• Engineers, their career, [123];
• cheerfulness under privation, [242].
• English Channel Steamers, [90].
• English Society, its reserve and hospitality, [54].
• English-speaking races, their duties to each other, [437];
• their population, [438];
• happiness and progress of the world dependent on their concord, [439].
• Evening on board ship, [88].
• Exmoor, [81].
• Failure in Provision Supply, [291].
• Fargo, [374].
• Fine Weather at Sea, [95].
• Fires, [233], [247].
• Fisheries Exhibition, [72].
• Fisheries, Canadian, [73];
• number engaged on them, 432n.
• Fleming, Sandford Hall, [269], [277].
• Fog whistle, [26].
• Forest trees, immense size, [330].
• Fort Colville Indians, [289], [297].
• Fort William, [164], [169].
• Frozen River, [325].
• Frozen Snow, [274].
• Fuca, de, tradition he discovered Vancouver Island, [340].
• Fur trade, [168].
• Gallatin, [368].
• Galinee’s Map, [162].
• Galt, Sir Alexander, [22].
• George, Prince of Wales, [119].
• Georgia, Straits of, [334].
• Georgian Bay, [152], [156].
• Gillam, Capt. Zachariah, [183].
• Glaciers, [240], [265], [273].
• Glasgow, [34], [132].
• Glendine, [372].
• Glyndon, [374].
• Goddard’s Hospital, [76].
• Gold Mining, [174];
• British Columbia, [343].
• Gordon, Willie, [35].
• Graham, Mr., [228].
• Grant, Rev. Dr., [120], [178], [203];
• holds service at Hillsdale, [232];
• holds service at the Columbia, [256];
• loses his watch, [262], [277];
• service on the Ille-celle-waet, [282], [285];
• service at Shuswap Lake, [308], [314], [319], [326];
• leaves for Winnipeg, [374].
• Grant, General, his message to Congress, [407];
• its threat, [408].
• Great Western Railway, England, [55], [80].
• Greenwich hospitality, [71].
• Griffin’s Lake, [304].
• Guildford, Park near, [46].
• Gulf of St. Lawrence, [4].
• Gun shot signals, [288].
• Halifax, its harbour, [11];
• its pleasant society, [13];
• arrived at, [101];
• founded, [114];
• again arrived at, [119];
• a winter shipping port, [134].
• Hall, Rev. C., [24].
• Halliburton, Mr. R. G., 105n.
• Hamlin, Mr., [314].
• Hannington, Mr., [317].
• Harrison River, [325].
• Helena, [368].
• Henderson, Sir Edward, [122].
• Henley Regatta, [62].
• Hennepin, Father, [163].
• Henry VIII., [103].
• Heron, [366].
• High Commissioner of Canada, advantages of his presence in London, [424], [426].
• Hill, Mr., [228].
• Hill, Mr. A. J., [331].
• Hill, Mrs., [332].
• Hillsdale, [228].
• Holte, Mr., [194].
• Hopson, Governor, [114].
• Horses on the route, [241];
• their names, [243];
• unable to proceed further, [274].
• Hudson’s Bay Co., [45], [167], [183];
• admirable treatment of Indians, [382];
• special arrangement of supply, [388].
• Hudson’s Bay Territory, French attempt upon, [184].
• Hunter, Mr. Joseph, [306], [315].
• Hurd, Major, [245], [249].
• Ille-celle-waet, valley of, [272];
• passage through on foot, [276–278];
• painful advance of party, [283];
• Lower Canyon, [285].
• Indian population: its decrease, [381];
• estimated present population of the Provinces of the Dominion, [382];
• cost of support by Government, [382];
• difficulties in way of civilization, [384], [391];
• aptitude for many positions, [385];
• those of British Columbia in many respects skilful, [385];
• their love of truth, [387];
• fidelity to engagement, [388];
• measure to be introduced in House of Commons, [390].
• Indians, Blackfoot Crossing, [218].
• Indians, Micmac, New Brunswick, [19].
• Indians, Swift Current, [211].
• Intercolonial Railway: Chief Engineer, [12];
• national work, [135].
• Irving, Mr. Henry, [64].
• Jackass Mountain, [318].
• Jam of Timber, [287].
• James I. at Maidenhead, [78].
• Jesus Hospital, [76].
• Jogues, [168].
• Joliet, [163].
• Kalama, [358].
• Kaministiquia River, [165], [180].
• Kamloops, [311].
• Kamloops Indians, [304].
• Kanaka Bridge, [326].
• Kane’s illness, [234].
• Keefer, Mr. George, [317], [319].
• Kennedy, Governor, [345].
• Kicking-Horse Pass., [287], [366].
• Kingston, [145].
• Kirke’s expedition against Quebec, [105].
• La Corne’s Fort, [115].
• La Jonquiere, [114].
• Lake George, [159].
• Lake Huron, storm, [157].
• Lake St. Peter, [131].
• Lake of the Woods, [174].
• Lake Steamer accommodation, [155].
• Land’s End, [56].
• Land, character of, West of Winnipeg, [411].
• La Salle, [163].
• Lawrence, [108].
• Lawrie, Major-General, recommends Burrard Inlet as site for dry dock, [418].
• La Verendrye, his discoveries, [181], [209], [368].
• Leigh Dove, [235], [334].
• Lefroy, General, [381].
• Leopold, H. R. H. Prince, [20].
• Lepage, Madame, [20].
• Lepage, Mr., jun., [100].
• Lery, De, [102].
• Levée suggested: to be held by Imperial Colonial Minister, [423].
• Light, Mr., [122].
• Liverpool, [33], [40].
• Livingstone, [369].
• Location circuitous, [124].
• Locomotives, changes effected by, [397].
• London, its attractions, [44];
• hotel life, [48];
• its heat, [61].
• Longueuil, Baron de, [212].
• Lorne, Lord, [143], [379];
• his views as to the High Commissioner, [425];
• address Colonial Institute, [429];
• his views as to the Imperial connection, [431].
• Louise, H.R.H. Princess, [20], [144];
• at British Columbia, [350], [379].
• Louisbourg taken, [112];
• 2nd conquest, [113];
• its destruction, [115].
• Lowell, Mrs., [75].
• Lytton, [316].
• Macdonald, [189].
• Macdonell, Capt. Miles, [189].
• McDougall, [290].
• McDougall, David, [225].
• Mackenzie, Hon. A., [65], [77];
• description of extent of exploration, [400].
• Mackenzie, Sir A., [182];
• discovered Mackenzie River, [342];
• first recorded white man to cross Rocky Mountains by land, [342].
• McLean, [295].
• Macleod, Mr. H. F., [315].
• McMillan, Mr., [275], [277].
• McMillan, [290].
• Moredone, [373].
• Maple Creek, [213].
• Marquette, [163].
• Maquena, [341].
• Mascarene, [111].
• Massachusetts against cession of Nova Scotia, [106];
• commerce preyed upon, [107].
• Massacres, York and Oyster River, their lessons, [107].
• Masse, [104].
• Mayne, Admiral, [417];
• his report on the salubrity of Vancouver Island, [418].
• Meaford, [152].
• Mears, purchased territory near Nootka Sound, [341].
• Medicine Hat, [216].
• Metapedia River, [20].
• Meuron Point de, [170], [196].
• Meuron de Regiment, [195].
• Minas, attack of troops there, [113].
• Minehead, [81].
• Miramichi fire, 1825, [17].
• Missiquash River, [114].
• Missouri, Valley of, [368];
• Bridge at Bismarck, [373].
• Moberly, Mr., Survey, [261];
• exploration Ille-celle-waet, [267] and 267n.
• Moisture excessive, [300].
• Moncton, [121].
• Montreal, routes from Quebec, [127];
• canals to West, [133].
• Montreal, city of, [5], [140].
• Moose Jaw, [208].
• Moosomin, [207].
• Morley, [225].
• Monts, de, first effort colonization, [103].
• Mountain scenery, [227], [231], [238–241];
• on the Columbia, [255];
• Beaver River, [264], [279], [294], [304].
• Mount Cascade, [228].
• Moville, [30], [87].
• Mowat, Hon. Oliver, [45].
• Mullan Tunnel, [367].
• Musgrove, Governor, [345].
• Muskeg, [172].
• Nanaimo, its coal fields, [419].
• Naval supremacy of England, influence of Canadian Pacific upon it, [416].
• Narrows, [334].
• Neebish Rapids, [158].
• Neilson, Mr., [234].
• Neilson, Hon. John, [134].
• Nepigon Fort, [180].
• Newfoundland, [1].
• New Westminster, [328], [337].
• New York in London, [75].
• Naxouat, [107].
• Niagara, [149].
• Necomen Slough, [325].
• North Pacific S.S., [357].
• Northwest Company, [168–186].
• Northwest settlement, [379].
• Northwest trade, early records, [182].
• Northern Pacific Railway, reasons for returning by, [355];
• its history, [356];
• height of passes, [413].
• Nova Scotia, first colonization, [103];
• held by Cromwell, [105];
• demanded by French, [106];
• route or British province, [118].
• Ocean voyages past and present, [2];
• Polynesian, [84];
• present comfort, [85].
• Ogilvie, Senator, [225].
• Old Wives’ Lakes, [210].
• Onderdonk, Mr., [320].
• Oregon Pioneers, [363].
• Oregon Question, 1846, [364].
• Ottawa, [143].
• Otter, Col., [64].
• Owen Sound, [152].
• Pacific Slope, people deficient in Eastern energy, [359].
• Pack train, [235].
• Padmore, [226].
• Parisian S.S., [22], [97].
• Parks, national establishment recommended, [415].
• Parliamentary discussions as to the Canadian Pacific Railway, [401].
• Party, its unfortunate influence, [402].
• Passamaquoddy Bay, [104].
• Penobscot, [104].
• Pie à Pot, [210].
• Pipon, Major, [122].
• Point de Meuron, [170].
• Polynesian S.S., [83].
• Pond, Peter, [185].
• Pontgravé, [104].
• Port Arthur, [165].
• Port Moody, Burrard Inlet, [330].
• Port Royal, capture of, [107], [108].
• Portage la Prairie, assembly of force there, [193], [204].
• Portland, Oregon, [359];
• its bad hotel, [360].
• Poutrincourt, [104].
• Potlach, [306], [390].
• Provisions non-arrival, [295].
• Provisions obtained, [305].
• Pullman car, its comfort, [16].
• Quebec, City of, [127];
• its trade, [134];
• supports North Shore Railway, [135].
• Quebec, Province of, duty regarding North Shore Railway, [135].
• Quebec, late Government of, policy, sale of North Shore Railway, [137].
• Railway, appearance of on the prairie, [217].
• Railway delays, [166].
• Railway mail train, [14].
• Railway travel. Mr. L. D., [52];
• its comfort, [90];
• ease of modern travel, [394].
• Railways, their social and political influence, [396].
• Rapids, St. Lawrence, [139].
• Rat Portage, [173];
• its bad fare, [175].
• Rathdrum, [365].
• Raymbault, [168].
• Red Lion, Henley, [63].
• Red River plain, [373].
• Red River settlement, [189];
• Governor’s proclamation, [196];
• settlers called upon to abandon it, [192];
• broken up, [194].
• Regina, [208].
• Representative Government, its abuses, [404].
• Representation in Imperial Parliament by Colonies impracticable, [423].
• Richardson, [372].
• Robinson, Major, [122].
• Robertson, Collin, [192].
• Roche, de la, Marquis, [102].
• Rocky Mountain, first view, [218].
• Rogers, R. C., Archbishop of Chatham, [92], [99], [100].
• Rogers, Major, [222], [230], [249], [254];
• discovers pass, [268], [277].
• Rogers’ Camp, [250].
• Rogers, Mr. Albert, [254], [277].
• Ross, Mr. James, [222].
• Route, uncertainty as to, [229].
• Royal Academy, [64].
• Royal Commissions, their importance, [401].
• Royal William, pioneer steamer across Atlantic, [24].
• Russell, Lord Alexander, [120].
• Ryswick, peace of, [107].
• Sacrifice of British Territory, [365].
• Sage, Mr. Dean, [21].
• Sailors’ Orphan Concert, [29].
• Salisbury, Marquis of, Speech at Kings College, [59].
• Sanbon Water Shed, [373].
• Sand, its troublesome Character on the North Pacific R.R., [362].
• Sand Point, [365].
• Sault St. Mary, [159].
• Savannah, SS. Pioneer across Atlantic, [24].
• Savona’s Ferry, [312].
• Scenery Remarkable on Canadian Pacific R., [414].
• Scoby, [290].
• Scotchman, absence of all memorial of, [77].
• Seattle, [357].
• Sea Sickness, [23], [88].
• Sea Voyage, [23];
• Sunday service, [24];
• impatience of passengers, [29].
• Section A, [171].
• Section B, [172].
• Section [15], [175].
• Self-Government to Colonies, its concession the removal of difficulty, [422].
• Selkirk, [176].
• Selkirk Range, front view of, [249];
• ascent, [260];
• summit, [266].
• Selkirk, Lord, [187];
• early attempt at emigration, [188];
• joined Hudson Bay Co., [188];
• opposed by Northwest Co., [189];
• Red River settlement, [189];
• hurries to Red River, [194];
• proceeds to the Kaministiquia, [196];
• his character, [197];
• death, [198].
• Semple, Governor, [194].
• Seven Oaks, affair 17th June, [194].
• Seymour, Governor, [329], [345].
• Shaginappy, [225], n.
• Shirley, Governor, [112].
• Ship Building, [2].
• Shuswap Indians, [272], [295].
• Shuswap Lake, arrive at, [303].
• Sicamouse Narrows, [309].
• Simms, [372].
• Sinclair, Mrs., [327].
• Sioux, their conduct in Canada, [387].
• Skunk Cabbage, [262], [253].
• Slave River, [326].
• Smith, Mr. Marcus, [329].
• Snake River, [363].
• Snow Storm, [177].
• Soil on the Plains, [209].
• Soil, Moosejaw to Qu’Appelle, [213].
• Somerville, Mary, [28].
• South Thompson River, [309].
• Spain, seizes country of Nootka Sound, [341].
• Spellman’s Camp, [233].
• Spokane Falls, [365].
• Spurgeon’s Tabernacle, [45].
• Spuzzem, [320].
• Stage coach, the old, [89].
• Standard Time—Meeting of railway managers to determine, [375];
• proceedings taken by Congress United States, [378];
• date when came in operation, [379].
• Start for the Mountains, [202].
• Stephen, Mr. Geo., President C. P. R., telegram from, [42].
• St. Croix, fort of, [104].
• St. John, city of, its fires, [17].
• St. Mary’s Bay, N. S., [103].
• St. Lawrence River, dredging near Quebec advantageous, [136].
• St. Paul, [374].
• St. Swithin’s day, [79], n.
• Stony Indian’s, [242], n.
• Subercase, Governor, [107].
• Suez Canal, its exposed state, [433].
• Summit Creek, [235].
• Sunday in the Mountains, [230], [255].
• Superior, Lake, [161];
• north shore connection indispensible, [408];
• progress of work, [395].
• Supplies to the Columbia, [223].
• Swift Current, [211].
• Syndicate Peak, [271].
• Taché, Archbishop, [205].
• Tacoma, [357].
• Tattnall, Commodore, [438].
• Telegram, ocean, its non-receipt, [42];
• receipt of recalls civilization, [313].
• Telegraph extension over Chinese seas, [432].
• Telephone, [320].
• Thames at Monkey Island, [78].
• Three Rivers, [130].
• Three Valley Lake, [302].
• Thunder Bay, [164].
• Thunder storm, [177].
• Toronto, [146].
• Townsend, Rev. Mr., [19].
• Trail through Kicking-Horse, [239];
• on the side of precipice, [258].
• Travel, difference of present mode and that of last century, [396].
• Trent River, [82].
• Truro, N. S., Prince of Wales’ visit to, [15].
• Tseng, Marchioness, [74].
• Tupper, Sir Charles, [22], [65].
• Umatilla, [363].
• Union of the several component elements of the British Empire a necessity, [430].
• Union Pacific Railway Co., [413].
• United Kingdom, [34].
• United States hotel life, [49].
• Urquhart, Captain, navigates by sound, [333].
• Utrecht, treaty of, [184].
• Vancouver Island, [6].
• Victor Lake, [301].
• Victoria, [330].
• Verden, [207].
• Voyage across Atlantic, [98].
• Wait a bit, [259].
• Wales, Prince of, [75].
• Wallace, Mr., [79].
• Wallula junction, [363].
• Warren, Admiral, [112].
• Watershed Gulf of Mexico and Hudson’s Bay, [373].
• Watteville regiment, [195].
• West of England, its flora, [81].
• Westminster, treaty of, [106].
• Whist often a penalty, [25].
• White fish, [159].
• Wild fruit on Selkirks, [269], [280].
• Wilderness, entry into, [277].
• Williamette River, [359].
• Wilmot, Mr., [325].
• Wilson, George, [230].
• Windsor, visit near, [75];
• forest, [76].
• Winnipeg station, [177].
• Winnipeg, [179];
• its low level, [198];
• unprofitable land, [204].
• Wolseley, Lord, his views of Suez Canal, [433].
• Wright, Mr. Charles, [217].
• Wright, Mr. S. B., [308].
• Wright, Mrs., [308].
• Yale, [321].
• Yellow Head Pass, its advantages, [409].
• Yellowstone River, [363];
• park, [368].
• Young, Hon. John, [132].

* * * * *

Note.

The ceremony of naming Collingwood, which has been described at page [151] as having taken place in 1851, should have been referred to the 14th January, 1853. It was at this date that the meeting took place, when the locality in question, protected from the north by a few islands near the shore, then known as the “Hen and Chickens,” was formally named Collingwood by the Sheriff of the County of Simcoe.

FOOTNOTES

[A] A stone inscription, dated 1609, was found in an old wall in the Fort at Port Royal, now Annapolis, by the late Judge Halliburton, author of “Sam Slick.” Some fifteen years ago it was in the possession of his son, Mr. R. G. Halliburton, then in Halifax. That gentleman gave it as a loan to the writer to be placed in the Museum of the Canadian Institute. Thus the oldest stone inscription probably in America may be found in Toronto.