There are two events of which we have no other knowledge than that furnished by this letter: the invasion of the Burgundians, and the ravages of the Alamanni in the Province of Liguria.

(1) The invasion of the Burgundians seems, as stated in a previous note, to have occurred in the spring or early summer of 536; so that Cassiodorus could represent the invaders as surprised and disheartened by learning of the elevation of Witigis. It no doubt formed part of those hostile operations of the Frankish Kings described by Procopius (De Bello Gotthico i. 13), the termination of which was purchased by Witigis by the cession of Provence and the payment of a subsidy. It is interesting to observe, however, that the Burgundians, notwithstanding their subjugation in 534, and their incorporation in the Frankish monarchy, are still spoken of as conducting an invasion on their own account. This is just like the invasion of Italy in 553 by the Alamannic brethren, and is quite in keeping with the loosely compacted character of the Merovingian monarchy, in which it was copied by the Anglian and Saxon Kingdoms.

(2) For the ravages of the Alamanni consult, as before stated, von Schubert's monograph. This passage quite confirms his view of the events connected with the overthrow of the Alamannic Kingdom by Clovis. A remnant of the people, settled as refugees in Raetia under Theodoric's protection, now, in the decline of the Ostrogothic monarchy throw off their allegiance to his successors, and press forward over the Alps to share the spoil of Italy. Witigis, however, notwithstanding his struggle with Belisarius, is still able promptly to repel this incursion; but it co-operates with the Burgundian invasion and the inclement spring and summer of 537 to bring about the famine in Liguria in the autumn of that year.]

THE END.

INDEX OF PERSONS

TO WHOM THE LETTERS ARE ADDRESSED.

A.

Abundantius, Praetorian Praefect, [v. 16], [17], [23], [34]; [ix. 4].
Acretius, see [Eutropius].
Adeodatus, [iii. 46].
Adila, Vir Spectabilis, Comes, [ii. 29].
Aemilianus, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, [iv. 31].
Aestunae, Possessores, Defensores, and Curiales dwelling at, [iii. 9].
Agapitus, Praefectus Urbis, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, [i. 6], [23], [32], [33], [41]; [ii. 6].
Alaric (II), King of the Visigoths (484-507), [iii. 1].
Albienus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, [i. 20];
Praefectus Praetorio, [viii. 20].
Albinus and Albienus, Viri Illustres atque Patricii, [i. 20].
Albinus, Vir Illustris, Patricius, [iv. 30].
Albinus, Actores of, [iv. 35].
Aloisius, Architect, [ii. 39].
Amabilis, Exsecutor, [i. 8];
Vir Devotus (? Sajo) and Comes, [iv. 5].
Ambrosius, Quaestor, [viii. 13];
Vir Illustris Agens Vices (Praefecti Praetorio), [xi. 4], 5; [xii. 25].
[Ampelius], Despotius, and Theodulus, Viri Spectabiles, [ii. 23].
Ampelius, Count Luvirit and, [v. 35].
Ampelius and Liveria, [v. 39].
Anastasius, Emperor (491-518), [i. 1]; [ii. 1].
Anastasius, Consularis, [v. 8].
Anastasius, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, [xii. 12], [14].
Anat(h)olius, Cancellarius of Province of Samnium, [xi. 36].
Andreas, Primiscrinius, [xi. 21].
Andreas, see [Maximian].
Annas, Vir Spectabilis and Comes, [iv. 18].
Antianus, Vir Spectabilis, ex-Cornicularius, [xi. 18], [34].
Antonius, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop of Pola, [iv. 44].
Apronianus, Vir Illustris, Comes Privatarum, [iii. 53].
Arator, Vir Illustris, Comes Domesticorum, [viii. 12].
Arelate (Arles), Possessores of, [iii. 44].
Argolicus, Vir Illustris, Praefectas Urbis, [iii. 11], [29], [30], [33]; [iv. 22], [25], [29], [42].
Arigern, Vir Illustris, Comes, [iii. 36], [45]; [iv. 23].
Artemidorus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, Praefectus Urbis, [i. 42]; [ii. 34]; [iii. 22].
Assuin (Assius, or Assum), Vir Illustris, Comes, [i. 40].
Aurigenes, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, [iii. 14].
Avilf, Sajo, [v. 20].
B.

Baion (Coion, or Goinon), Vir Spectabilis, [i. 38].
Beatus, Vir Clarissimus and Cancellarius, [xi. 10];
Primicerius Augustalium, [xi. 30].
Benenatus, Vir Spectabilis, [iv. 15].
Bergantinus, Vir Illustris and Patrician, Comes Patrimonii, [viii. 23]; [ix. 3].
Boetius, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, [i. 10], [45]; [ii. 40].
Brandila, [v. 32].
C.

Cancellarii diversi Provinciarum Singularum, [xii. 1], [10].
Canonicarius Venetiarum, [xii. 4], [7].
Capuanus, Vir Spectabilis, [v. 21].
Carinus, Vir Illustris, [v. 28].
Cart(h)erius, Regerendarius, [xi. 29].
Cassiodorus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius (father of Cassiodorus Senator), [i. 3]; [iii. 28].
Catana, City of, Honorati Possessores, Defensores, and Curiales of, [iii. 49].
Catellus, Scriniarius Actorum, [xi. 22].
Cheliodorus, Commentariensis, [xi. 28].
Clovis, see [Luduin].
Coelianus and Agapitus, Viri Illustres et Patricii, [i. 23].
Colossaeus, Vir Illustris, Comes, Governor of Pannonia, [iii. 23].
Comes Siliquatariorum et Portus Curas Agens, [ii. 12].
Constantian, Vir Experientissimus, [xii. 18].
Constantinian, Cura Epistolarum Canonicarum, [xi. 23].
Consularis, Vir Illustris, [iii. 52].
Consularis Liguriae, [xii. 8].
Crispianus, [i. 37].
Cunigast, Vir Illustris, [viii. 28].
Cyprian, Comes Sacrarum Largitionum and Patrician, [v. 40]; [viii. 21].
D.

Dalmatia and S(u)avia, all the Goths and Romans in, [ix. 9].
Daniel, [iii. 19].
Datius, Bishop of Milan, [xii. 27].
Decius, Vir Illustris, Patricius, [ii. 33].
Decoratus, Vir Devotus, [v. 31].
Dertona (Tortona), all Goths and Romans abiding (consistentes) at, [i. 17].
Despotius, see [Ampelius].
Densdedit, Scriba Ravennas, [xii. 21].
Domitianus and Willias, [i. 18].
Dromonarii, the, [ii. 31].
Duda, Vir Spectabilis and Comes, [iv. 28];
Sajo, [iv. 32], [34].
Dumerit, Sajo, [viii. 27].
E.

Ecdicius (or Benedictus), Vir Honestus, [ii. 4].
Elpidius (or Hespidius), Deacon, [iv. 24].
Epiphanius, Vir Spectabilis, Consularis of Dalmatia, [v. 24].
Episcopi et Honorati (?), [ix. 5].
Episcopi sui, [x. 34];
diversi, [xi. 3].
Eugenius (Eugenites, or Eugenes), Vir Illustris, Magister Officiorum, [i. 12].
Eusebius, Vir Illustris, [iv. 48].
Eustorgius, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop of Milan, [i. 9].
[Eutropius] and Acretius, [v. 13].
F.

Faustus, Praefectus Praetorio (in the edition of Nivellius his title is given as Praepositus), [i. 14], [26], [34], [35]; [ii. 5], [9], [26], [30], [37], [38];
Vir Illustris, [iii. 21];
Praefectus Praetorio, [iii. 47], [51]; [iv. 36], [38], [50].
Felix, Vir Clarissimus, [i. 7];
Vir Illustris, Consul (511), [ii. 2]; [iii. 39].
Felix, Quaestor, [viii. 18].
Feltria (Feltre), Possessors of, [v. 9].
Ferrocinctus, see [Grimoda].
Festus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, [i. 15], [39]; [ii. 22]; [iii. 10].
Florentinus (or Florentianus), Vir Devotus, Comitiacus, [viii. 27].
Florianus, Vir Spectabilis, [i. 5].
Forum Livii (Forli), Honorati Possessores, and Curiales of, [iv. 8].
Fruinarith, Sajo, [ii. 13].
G.

Gaudiosus, Cancellarius of Province of Liguria, [xi. 14].
Gaul, all the Provincials of, [iii. 17], [42]; [viii. 7].
Geberich, Vir Spectabilis, [iv. 20].
Gemellus, Vir Spectabilis, Governor of Gaul, [iii. 16], [18], [32]; [iv. 12], [19], [21].
Genesius, Vir Spectabilis, [viii. 30].
Gepidae, ad Gallias destinati, [v. 11].
Gesila, Sajo, [iv. 14].
Gildias, Vir Spectabilis, Count of Syracuse, [ix. 11], [14].
Goths, all the, [i. 24]; [x. 31];
settled in Italy, [viii. 5].
Goths, all the, and Romans, [i. 28].
Goths, all the, and Romans, and those who hold the harbours and mountain-passes, [ii. 19].
[Grimoda], Sajo, and Ferrocinctus, Apparitor, [iii. 20].
Gudila, Bishop, [ii. 18].
Gudinand, Sajo, [v. 19].
Gudisal, Sajo, [iv. 47].
Guduim, Sajo, [v. 27];
Vir Sublimis and Dux, [v. 30].
Gundibad, King of the Burgundians (473-516), [i. 46]; [iii. 2].
H.

Haesti, the, [v. 2].
Herminafrid, King of the Thuringians, [iv. 1].
Heruli, King of the, [iv. 2].
[Heruli], Warni, and Thoringi, Kings of the, [iii. 3].
Hilderic, King of the Vandals (523-531), [ix. 1].
Honoratus, Vir Illustris, Quaestor, [v. 3].
Honorius, Praefectus Urbis, [x. 30].
I.

Ida (perhaps Ibbas), Vir Sublimis and Dux, [iv. 17].
Importunus, Vir Illustris, Patricius, [iii. 5].
Istria, Provincials of, [xii. 22].
J.

Januarius, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop of Salona, [iii. 7].
Jews, all the, residing in Genoa, [ii. 27]; [iv. 33].
Joannes, Vir Spectabilis, Consularis Campaniae, [iii. 27]; [iv. 10].
Joannes, Vir Spectabilis, Referendarius, [viii. 25].
Joannes, Vir Clarissimus, Arcarius, [v. 7].
Joannes, Canonicarius of Thuscia, [xi. 38].
Joannes, Cancellarius, [xi. 6];
Praerogativarius, [xi. 27].
Joannes, Siliquatarius of Ravenna, [xii. 17].
Joannes, Apparitor, [ii. 21];
Arch-Physician, [iv. 41].
John II, Pope (533-535), [ix. 15]; [xi. 2].
Judges, all the, of the Provinces, [ix. 20]; [xi. 7], [9]; [xii. 2].
Julianus, Comes Patrimonii, [i. 16].
Justin, Emperor (518-527), [viii. 1].
Justinian, Emperor (527-566), [x. 1], [2], [8], [9], [15], [19], [22], [24], [25], [26], [32]; [xi. 13].
Justus, Sextus Scholaris, [xi. 26].
L.

Laurentius, Vir Experientissimus, [xii. 23].
Liberius, Praetorian Praefect of the Gauls, [viii. 6].
Ligurians, the, [xi. 15], [16]; [xii. 28].
Liveria, see [Ampelius].
Lucillus, Scriniarius Curae Militaris, [xi. 24].
Lucinus, Vir Clarissimus, Cancellarius of Campania, [xi. 37].
Lucristani (Lustriani?), the, settled (constituti) on the river Sontius (Isonzo), [i. 29].
[Luduin] (Clovis), King of the Franks (481-511), [ii. 41]; [iii. 4].
Luvirit, Count, and Ampelius, [v. 35].
M.

Magister Officiorum (at Constantinople), [x. 33].
Mannila, Sajo, [v. 5].
Marabad, Vir Illustris and Comes, [iv. 12], [46].
Marcellus, Vir Spectabilis, Advocatus Fisci, [i. 22].
Massilia (Marseilles), citizens of, [iii. 34]; [iv. 26].
[Maximian], Vir Illustris, and Andreas, Vir Spectabilis, [i. 21].
Maximus, Vir lllustris, Consul, [v. 42];
Vir Illustris and Domesticus, [x. 11].
Maximus, Vir Clarissimus, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, [xii. 15].
Maximus, Vicarius Urbis Romae, [xii. 19].
Milan, the Jews of, [v. 37].
N.

Neudes, Vir Illustris, [v. 29].
Noricum, Provincials of, [iii. 50].
Nursia, see [Reate].
O.

Opilio, Comes Sacrarum Largitionum, [viii. 16].
Osun (Osuin, or Osum), Vir Illustris, Comes, [iii. 26]; [iv. 9]; [ix. 8].
P.

Pannonia, all the Barbarians and Romans settled in, [iii. 24].
Parma, Honorati Possessores, and Curiales of, [viii. 29].
Paschasius, Praefectus Annonae, [xii. 9].
Patricius, Vir Illustris and Quaestor, [x. 6].
Patricius, Primicerius Exceptorum, [xi. 25].
Paulinas, Vir Clarissimus and Consul, [ix. 22].
Paulus, Vir Strenuus, [xii. 26].
Peter, Bishop, [iii. 37].
Peter, Vir Clarissimus, Erogator Obsoniorum, [xii. 11];
Arcarius, [xii. 20].
[Picenum] and Samnium, all the Goths settled in, [v. 26].
Pierius, Primicerius Singulariorum, [xi. 32].
Possessores, universi, [v. 38].
Provinus (Probinus), Vir Illustris, Patricius, [ii. 11];
Actores of, [iv. 40].
R.

[Reate] and Nursia, all the inhabitants of, [viii. 26].
Reparatus, Praefectus Urbis, [ix. 7].
Roman Church, Clergy of, [viii. 24].
Romans, all the, [i. 28];
in Italy and the Dalmatias, [viii. 4].
Roman people, the, [i. 31]; [viii. 3]; [x. 14], [17].
Rome, people of the City of, [i. 44].
Romulus (? ex-Emperor), [iii. 35].
S.

Sabinianus, Vir Spectabilis, [i. 25].
Sajones, universi, qui sunt Cancellariis deputati, [xii. 3].
Salvantius, Vir Illustris, Praefectus Urbis, [ix. 16], [17].
Samnium, see [Picenum].
[Saturninus] and Verbusius, Viri Illustres, Senatores, [i. 19].
Senarius, Vir Illustris, Comes Patrimonii, [iv. 3];
Comes Privatarum, [iv. 7], [11], [13].
Senate of the City of Rome, [i. 4], [13], [30], [43]; [ii. 3], [16], [24], [32]; [iii. 6], [12], [31]; [iv. 4], [16], [43]; [v. 4], [22], [41]; [viii. 2], [10], [11], [14], [15], [17], [19], [22]; [ix. 19], [21], [23], [25]; [x. 3], [4], [7], [12], [13], [16], [18]; [xi. 1].
Senator (Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus), Praetorian Praefect, [ix. 24]; [x. 27], [28].
Servatus, Dux Raetiarum, [i. 11].
Severianus (or Severinus), Vir Illustris, [v. 14].
Severus, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, [ii. 8].
Severus, Vir Spectabilis, [viii. 31], [32], [33].
Simeon, Vir Illustris, Comes, [iii. 25].
Speciosus, [i. 27];
Vir Devotus, Comitiacus, [ii. 10].
Stabularius, Comitiacus, [v. 6].
Starcedius, Vir Sublimis, [v. 36].
Stephanus, Vir Spectabilis, Comes Primi Ordinis et ex-Princeps nostri Ordinis, [ii. 28].
S(u)avia, all the Provincials and Capillati, Defensores and Curiales, residing in, [iv. 49];
all the Possessores in, [v. 15];
all the Goths and Romans in, [ix. 9].
Sunhivad, Vir Spectabilis, [iii. 13].
Sura (or Suna), Vir Illustris, Comes, [ii. 7].
Symmachus, Vir Illustris and Patricius, [ii. 14]; [iv. 6], [51].
Syracuse, all the Provincials of the City of, [ix. 10].
T.

Tancila, Vir Spectabilis, [ii. 35].
Tezutzat, Sajo, [iv. 27].
Theodagunda, Illustris Femina, [iv. 37].
Theodahad, Vir Spectabilis, [iii. 15];
Vir Illustris, [iv. 39]; [v. 12].
Theodora, Augusta, [x. 10], [20], [21], [23].
Theodosius, Homo Theodahadi (?), [x. 5].
Theodulus, see [Ampelius].
Theon (or Theonius), Vir Sublimis, [i. 2].
Theriolus, Vir Spectabilis, [i. 36].
Thessalonica, Praefect of, [x. 35].
Thomas, Vir Clarissimus, Arcarius, [xii. 20].
Thoringi (Thuringians). see [Heruli].
Ticinum (Pavia), Comites, Defensores, and Curiales of, [iv. 45].
Transmund (or Thrasamund), King of the Vandals, [v. 43], [44].
Tribuni Maritimorum, [xii. 24].
Tridentinae Civitatis, Honorati Possessores, Defensores, et Curiales, [ii. 17].
Tulum, Patrician, [viii. 9].
U.

Unigis, Spatarius, [iii. 43].
Uniligis (or Wiligis), Sajo, [ii. 20].
Urbicus, ex-Primicerius Singulariorum, [xi. 31].
Ursus, Primicerius Deputatorum, [xi. 30].
V.

Valerian, Vir Sublimis, [xii. 5].
Vandals, King of the, [v. 1], [43], [44]; [ix. 1].
Venantius, Vir Illustris, [ii. 15];
Spectabilis, Corrector of Lucania and Bruttii, [iii. 8].
Veranus, Sajo, [v. 10].
Verbusius, see [Saturninus].
Verruca, fort of, all Goths and Romans living near, [iii. 48].
Victor, Vir Spectabilis, Censitor of Sicily, [ix. 12].
Victorinus, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, [viii. 8].
Vitalian, Vir Clarissimus, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, [xi. 39].
W.

Wandil (Vuandil), [iii. 38].
Warni (Guarni), see [Heruli].
Wilitanch, Duke, [v. 33].
Willias, [i. 18]; [v. 18];
Vir Illustris, Comes Patrimonii, [ix. 13].
Winusiad, Count, [x. 29].
Witigisclus (or Wigisicla), Vir Spectabilis, Censitor of Sicily, [ix. 12].