EXPLANATION of LATIN WORDS and PHRASES in common use.
N. B. The pronunciation is the same as if the words were English;
 but divided into distinct syllables, and accented as below.
Ad cap-tan′dum. To attract
Ad in-fin′-i-tum. To infinity
Ad lib′-it-um. At pleasure
Ad ref-er-end′-um. For consideration
Ad va-lo′-rem. According to value
A for-ti-o′-ri. With stronger reason
A′-li-as. Otherwise
Al′-ib-i. Proof of having been elsewhere
Al′-ma ma′ter. University
Ang′-li-ce. In English
A pri-o′-ri. From a prior reason
Ar-ca′num, or Ar-ca′-na. Secret, or Secrets
Ar-gu-men′-tum ad hom′-in-em. Personal argument
Au′di al′-ter-am par′-tem. Hear both sides
Bo′-na fi′-de. In reality.
Cac-o-e′-thes scri-ben-di. Passion for writing
Com′-pos men′-tis. In one’s senses
Cre′-dat Ju-dæ′us. I do not believe it
Cum mul′-tis a′-li-is. With many others
Cum priv-i-le′-gi-o. With privilege
Da′-tum, or Da′-ta. Point or points settled or determined
De fac′-to. In fact
De′-i gra′-ti-a. By the grace of God
De ju-re. By right
Dom′-in-e di′-re-ge nos. O Lord direct us
Dram′-a-tis per-so′-næ. Characters represented
Du-ran′-te be′-ne pla″-ci-to. During pleasure
Du-ran′-te vi′-ta. During life
Er′-go. Therefore
Er-ra′-ta. Errors
Est′-o per-pet′-u-a. May it last for ever
Ex. Late, or out of
Ex of-fi″-ci-o. Officially
Ex par′-te. On one side only
Fac sim′-i-le. An exact copy
Fe′-lo de se. Self-murderer
Fi′-at. Let it be done, or made
Fi-nis. End
Gra′-tis. For nothing
Ib-i′-dem. In the same place
I′-dem. The same
Id est. That is
Im-pri-ma′-tur. Let it be printed
Im-pri′-mis. In the first place
In cœ′-lo qui′-es. In heaven is rest
In-for′-ma pau′-per-is. As a pauper
In com-men′-dam. For a time
In pro′-pri-a per-so′-na. In person
In sta′-tu quo. In the former state
In ter-ro′-rem. As a warning
Ip′-se dix′-it. Mere assertion
Ip′-so fac′-to. By the mere fact
I′-tem. Also, or article
Ju′-re di-vi′-no. By divine right
Lo′-cum te′-nens. Deputy
Mag′-na char′-ta (kar′-ta). The great charter of England
Me-men′-to mo′-ri. Remember death
Me′-um and tu′-um. Mine and thine
Mul-tum in par′-vo. Much in a little
Ne plus ul′-tra. Greatest extent
No′-lens vo′-lens. Willing or not
Non com′-pos or Non com′-pos men′-tis. Out of one´s senses
O tem′-po-ra, O mo′-res. O the times, O the manners
Om-nes. All
O′-nus. Burden
Pas′-sim. Every where
Per se. Alone, or by itself
Pro bo′-no pub′-li-co. For the public benefit
Pro and con. For and against
Pro for′-ma. For form’s sake
Pro hac vi′-ce. For this time
Pro re na′-ta. For the occasion
Pro tem′-po-re. For the time
Quis sep-er-a-bit. Who shall separate us?
Quo an-i-mo. Intention
Quon′-dam. Former
Re-qui-es′-cat in pa′-ce. May he rest in peace
Re-sur′-gam. I shall rise again
Rex. King
Scan′-da-lum mag-na-tum. Great scandal
Sem′-per e-a′-dem, or sem′-per i′-dem. Always the same
Se-ri-a-tim. In regular order
Si′-ne di′-e. Without naming a day
Si′-ne qua non. Indispensably requisite
Su′-i gen-e-ris. Unparalleled
Sum′-mum bo′-num. Greatest good
Tri′-a junc′-ta in u′-no. Three in one
U′-no vo′-ce. Unanimously
U′-ti-le dul′-ci. Utility with pleasure
Va′-de me′-cum. Constant companion
Vel′-u-ti in spec-u-lum. As in a glass
Ver′-sus. Against
Vi′-a. By the way of
Vi′-ce. In the room of
Vi′-ce ver′-sa. The reverse
Vi′-de. See
Vi-vant rex et re-gi-na. Long live the king and queen
Roman Numerals.
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I.1.One.
II.2.Two.
III.3.Three.
IV.4.Four.
V.5.Five.
VI.6.Six.
VII.7.Seven.
VIII.8.Eight.
IX.9.Nine.
X.10.Ten.
XI.11.Eleven.
XII.12.Twelve.
XIII.13.Thirteen.
XIV.14.Fourteen.
XV.15.Fifteen.
XVI.16.Sixteen.
XVII.17.Seventeen.
XVIII.18.Eighteen.
XIX.19.Nineteen.
XX.20.Twenty.
XXI.21.Twenty-one.
XXX.30.Thirty.
XL.40.Forty.
L.50.Fifty.
LX.60.Sixty.
LXX.70.Seventy.
LXXX.80.Eighty.
XC.90.Ninety.
C.100.One Hundred.
CC.200.Two Hundred.
CCC.300.Three Hundred.
CCCC.400.Four Hundred.
D.500.Five Hundred.
DC.600.Six Hundred.
DCC.700.Seven Hundred.
DCCC.800.Eight Hundred.
DCCCC.900.Nine Hundred.
M.1000.One Thousand.
MM.2000.Two Thousand.
MDCCCXXV.1825.One Thousand Eight Hundred
 and Twenty Five.

The ancient Romans in their notation made use of the following seven letters; viz. I. V. X. L. C. D. and M. which singly stood for one, five, ten, fifty, one hundred, five hundred, and one thousand. By repeating and combining these any other numbers were formed.

The annexing a less number to a greater increases its value, and denotes the sum of both; as VI. signifies six. The prefixing a less number to a greater lessens its value, or shews their difference; thus, IV. is four, &c. The word thousand is often expressed by a line drawn over the top of a number; thus, X̅. signifies ten thousand.

Abbreviations and Characters, in Common Use.
L. S. D. Libra, Pounds; Solidi, Shillings; Denarii, Pence.
Cwt. One hundred weight, or 112 lbs.
Q. or Qrs. A quarter or quarters of a hundred, or 28 lbs.
lb. or lbs. A pound or several pounds.
Oz. (℥) ounce or ounces.
Dwts. Pennyweights.
Dr. (ʒ) Drams; ℈ scruples; grs. grains.
Bk. Book; ch. chapter; v. verse; ¶ paragraph; § section.
Fol. folio; 4to. quarto; 8vo. octavo; 12mo. duodecimo.
° ′ ″ Hours, minutes, and seconds of Time; or Degrees, minutes
  and seconds, in Geographical and Astronomical Measurement.
Yr. Year; Qr. Quarter; Mo. Month; Wk. Week; D. Day.
Jan. January; Feb. February; Mar. March; Ap. April;
  Aug. August; Sept. September; Oct. October;
  Nov. November; Dec. December.
Yd. Yard; Ft. foot or feet; In. inches.
Pt. Pint; Qt. Quart; Gal. Gallon; Fir. Firkin; Kil. Kilderkin;
  Bar. Barrel; Hhd. Hogshead; P. Pipe; B. Butt; T. Tun.
P. Pole, Perch, Rod, or Lug; R. Rood; M. Mile; F. Furlong.
Forms of a Receipt, Notes, &c.*
————————
Receipt.
  Received, January 6th, 1825, of A—— B——, Esq.Seventeen Pounds and Ten Shillings, for one Quarter’sWages,† due Dec. 25th last.
  ————————
  £17 10 0James Handy.  
  ————————
Note of Hand, or Promissory Note.
——————
  ———————
  £25 0 0London, April 5th, 1825.  
  ———————
  On Demand,‡ I promise to pay to Mr. C—— D——,or Order, the sum of Twenty-Five Pounds, for value received.
Richard Pearson,  
No. 101, Essex St. Strand.
Draft, or Bill.
——————
  ————————
  £75 10 0London, March 17th, 1825.  
  ————————
  Two Months§ after Date pay to my Order Seventy-FivePounds and Ten Shillings, for value received.
To Charles H. Lewis, Esq.James Smith.
Merchant, Liverpool.
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  N.B. A Draft is payable by the Person on whom it is drawn,it must be accepted by him, in writing, on the face of it.
* For the Stamps for RECEIPTS, NOTES, &c. see page [48].
† Rent,—on Account,—or, in full,—or, as the case may be.
‡ Two Months after Date, or, as the case may be.
§ On Demand,—or, at Six Months, or as the case may be.
MULTIPLICATION TABLE,
With the Pence Added.
s. d.
Twice 2 are 4 0 4
3 ... 6 0 6
4 ... 8 0 8
5 ... 10 0 10
6 ... 12 1 0
7 ... 14 1 2
8 ... 16 1 4
9 ... 18 1 6
10 ... 20 1 8
11 ... 22 1 10
12 ... 24 2 0
3 times 3 are 9 0 9
4 ... 12 1 0
5 ... 15 1 3
6 ... 18 1 6
7 ... 21 1 9
8 ... 24 2 0
9 ... 27 2 3
10 ... 30 2 6
11 ... 33 2 9
12 ... 36 3 0
4 times 4 are 16 1 4
5 ... 20 1 8
6 ... 24 2 0
7 ... 28 2 4
8 ... 32 2 8
9 ... 36 3 0
10 ... 40 3 4
11 ... 44 3 8
12 ... 48 4 0
5 times 5 are 25 2 1
6 ... 30 2 6
7 ... 35 2 11
8 ... 40 3 4
9 ... 45 3 9
10 ... 50 4 2
11 ... 55 4 7
12 ... 60 5 0
6 times 6 are 36 3 0
7 ... 42 3 6
8 ... 48 4 0
9 ... 54 4 6
10 ... 60 5 0
11 ... 66 5 6
12 ... 72 6 0
7 times 7 are 49 4 1
8 ... 56 4 8
9 ... 63 5 3
10 ... 70 5 10
11 ... 77 6 5
12 ... 84 7 0
8 times 8 are 64 5 4
9 ... 72 6 0
10 ... 80 6 8
11 ... 88 7 4
12 ... 96 8 0
9 times 9 are 81 6 9
10 ... 90 7 6
11 ... 99 8 3
12 ... 108 9 0
10 times 10 are 100 8 4
11 ... 110 9 2
12 ... 120 10 0
11 times 11 are 121 10 1
12 ... 132 11 0
12 times 12 are 144 12 0

N. B.—Any two numbers multiplied into each other produce the same amount. Thus: 3 times 4 are 12; and 4 times 3 are 12.—Also, 4 times 5 are 20; and 5 times 4 are 20. And so of all others.

Use and Application.—How much do 7 pounds of sugar come to at ten-pence per lb.—Ans. 7 times 10, or 10 times 7, are 70, and 70 pence are five shillings and ten pence, the value of the sugar.