A Table of Customary Weights and Measures.
lbs.
A Firkin of Butter is 56 42 Feet is a Ton of Shipping.
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins 224 40 Feet of rough, or 50 Feet of
A Firkin of Soap 64 hewn Timber is a Load or Ton.
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins 256 A Dozen is 12; a long Dozen is 13.
A Barrel of Pot-ashes 200 A Gross is 12 Dozen, or 144.
A Barrel of Anchovies 30 A Pace is 3 Feet or a Yard.
A Barrel of Candles 120 Mathematicians conceive every
A Stone of Butchers’ Meat 8 Circle to be divided into 360
A Stone, Horsemen’s weight, equal Parts, called Degrees, and
or Butchers’ Meat in the each Degree into 60 equal parts,
country 14 called Seconds, and each Second
A Stone of Glass, 5 lbs. and, subdivided into 60 smaller parts,
a Seam of Do. or 24 Stones 120 called thirds, and so on.
A Quire of Paper is 24 Sheets. The Diameter of a Circle is a
A Ream of Paper is 20 Quires.straight line drawn from one side
A Bundle of Paper is 2 Reams.to the other through the centre;
A Cord or Stack of Wood isand is one-third of the circumfe-
108 solid Feet.rence.
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
TROY WEIGHT.

N.B. The Imperial Standard Troy Pound,established in 1758, containing 5760Grains, became, May 1, 1825, the ONLYgenuine standard weight from which allother weights are to be derived, computed,and ascertained.

24 Grains make 1 Pennyweight
20 Pennyweights 1 Ounce
12 Ounces 1 Pound

The proportion that Avoirdupois bearsto Troy Weight, from which it isderived, is as 7000, the number of Troygrains in a pound Avoirdupois, is to5760, the grains in a pound Troy.The Pound Avoirdupois makes 14 oz.11 dwt. and 16 grains Troy; and 9pounds Avoirdupois are equal to nearly11 pounds Troy.

⁂ By Troy weight Jewels, Gold, Silver,&c. are weighed.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

N.B. This weight is derived from the ImperialStandard Troy Pound, 7000 grainsTroy making one pound Avoirdupois,and the proportion it bears to TroyWeight is as 7000 to 5760, the numberof grains in each pound respectively.The Pound Troy is equal to13 oz. 2 drms. ⅔ Avoirdupois, and(nearly) 11 Pounds Troy are equal to9 Pounds Avoirdupois.

16 Drams make 1 Ounce
16 Ounces 1 Pound
28 Pounds ¼ of a Cwt.
4 Qrtrs. (112 lb.) 1 Cwt.
20 Hundreds 1 Ton

⁂ By this weight Bread, Butter,Cheese, Meat, Grocery, Drugs, andall coarse goods that have waste, arebought and sold.

APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT.
20 Grains make 1 Scruple
3 Scruples 1 Dram
8 Drams 1 Ounce

⁂ Apothecaries compound their medicinesby this weight, but they buyand sell by Avoirdupois Weight.

BREAD.
lbs.oz.dwts.    
A Peck Loaf weighs17 6 2
Half do. 811 1
Quartern do. 4 5 8
Half Quartern do. 2 212

Note.—By a late act, Bakers in Londonand within 10 miles thereof are to sellbread by the pound only, and areobliged to keep scales and weights intheir shops, at all times, and toweigh every loaf, in the presence ofthe customer, before they deliver it,whether requested so to do or not,under severe penalties. In everyother part of the kingdom bread issold by weight, according to theabove table.

By a former act, whatever is the priceof the best wheat in shillings, so manypence must be the price of the quarternloaf, (with one penny more forbaking.) And, when the best wheatenbread is sold at 8d., the standardshould be sold for 7d., and the householdfor 6d.

THE NEW
MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

Wine, Spirituous Liquors, Ale,Beer, and all sorts of Liquids, as wellas Corn, and all kinds of Dry Goods, arenow bought and sold by one measureonly; of which the basis is the GALLON,containing ten pounds Avoirdupoisof distilled or rain water, andcalled the Imperial Standard Gallon.

This new measure is larger than the formerWine Measure by about one-fifth;therefore a gallon of Wine, or otherarticle, that is worth 5s. by the oldWine Measure, is worth 6s. by thismeasure; and so on at the rate of 2½d.more in every shilling: and the presentnew gallon being smaller than the formerBeer and Ale Gallon by one-sixtiethpart, the difference will be 1d.upon 5s. less than by the old measure;that is one farthing upon 15d. less,whatever may be the amount.

4 Gills make 1 Pint
2 Pints 1 Quart
4 Quarts 1 Gallon
9 Gallons 1 Firkin
10 Gallons 1 Anker
18 Gallons (2 Fir.) 1 Kilderkin
36 Gall. (2 Kild.) 1 Barrel
54 Gall. (3 Kild.) 1 Hogshead
42 Gallons 1 Tierce
63 Gallons 1 Hhd. of Wine
84 Gallons 1 Puncheon
108 Gal. (2 Hhds.) 1 Butt of Beer
126 Gal. (2 Hhds.) 1 Pipe of Wine
2 Pipes (4 Hhds.) 1 Tun
THE NEW MEASURE FOR CORN,

and all other dry goods; (exceptthose measured by heap.)

2 Pints make 1 Quart
4 Quarts 1 Gallon
2 Gallons 1 Peck
8 Gal. (4 Pecks) 1 Bushel
2 Bushels 1 Strike
4 Bushels 1 Sack or Coomb
8 Bushel (2 Sacks) 1 Quarter
5 Quarters 1 Load or Way

N.B. The Imperial Standard Gallon, containing10 gallons of pure water, (thesame as for liquids) is the basis ofthis measure.

This is about a thirty-second part, or onequart on a bushel, larger than the formerWinchester Measure; therefore aBushel of Oats, or any quantity of anything, that is worth 2s. 8d. WinchesterMeasure, is worth 2s. 9d. by this;—aBushel of Barley, Rye, or other thing,that would cost 5s. 4d. WinchesterMeasure, will cost 5s. 6d. by the new;—anda Bushel of Wheat, Malt, &c.worth 8s. by the Winchester Bushel isworth 8s. 3d. by the Imperial Bushel;—andso on at the rate of one farthingupon every 8d. by the new measuremore than by the old measure.

THE NEW HEAPED MEASURE.

The Standard Measure of Capacity forCoals, Coke, Culm, Lime, Fish,Potatoes, Fruit, and all otherGoods commonly sold by heaped measure,is now the Imperial StandardBushel, containing 80 pounds Avoirdupois,of pure water,—made round,with a plain and even bottom, and being19½ inches from outside to outside,to be heaped up in the form ofa cone, at least 6 inches above theouter edge thereof, which is to be thebase of the said cone.

4 Pecks make  1 Bushel
3 Bushels  1 Sack
3 Sacks,  1 Vat or Strike
36 Bushels or 12 Sacks  1 Chaldron
21 Chaldrons  A Score*

* Coals bought in large quantities have an allowance of one Chaldron on 20; or half a Chaldron in 10; or 3 sacks in 5 Chaldrons; which is called the Ingrain.