[19] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, chap. ix, p. 397.

[20] Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, chap. vi, p. 157.

[21] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, chap. xii, p. 442.

[22] Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, chap. xi, p. 464.

[23] New Orleans Tribune, Jan. 17, 1865.

[24] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, chap. viii, pp. 467-68.

[25] The original of this petition was recently unearthed in the Historical Archives of South Carolina. On the back of the document was a notation: “This petition was not read in the Convention.” Signed; John T. Sloa, Clerk of Convention. Printed in article by Herbert Aptaker, Journal of Negro History, January, 1946.

[26] Congressional Globe, “39th Congress,” I, p. 74.

[27] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, chap. xvii, p. 561.

[28] C. P. Farrell (Editor), The Political Speeches of Robert Ingersoll, Dresden edition.