The binding of the Nile and the new Soudan - Sidney Cornwallis Peel

INDEX

Abbas Pasha, [30]
Abd-el-Kader, [160]
Abd-el-Rahman the Just, [151]
Abu Hamed, [168], [175], [176], [229]
Abu Simbel, temple of, [174]
Abu Zeid, [125]
Abyssinia:
Bonchamps Expedition from, [170]
coffee from, [239], [241]
Egypt—
annexations by, [153]
defeat by, [144]
defeat of, [154]
frontier settlement with, [193], [232], [274]
gold district in, [245]
Gordon’s arrangement with, [155]
Khalifa at war with, [166]
Nile, treaty regarding (1902), [113]
scenery and climate on frontier of, [189]
Sennar triumph over, [140], [141]
slave-raiding on frontier of, [211]
trade with—
cotton in demand for, [242]
railway suggested to open up, [232]
Sobat as route for, [233]
Achmet Bey, [143]
Acre, [24], [28]
Adlan, King, [140], [144]
Agricultural Banks, [105], [234]
Ahmed Hamad, [207]
Aird and Co., [81]
Akobo River, [187]
Albert Edward Lake, [121]
Albert Nyanza:
Baker’s discovery of, [149]
circumnavigation of, [151], [157]
dam on, scheme for, [118]-123
regulator at, suggestion of, [132], [133]
Alexandria, journey from, to Khartoum, [173]-177
Ali Dinar, Sultan of Darfur, [190], [192], [193], [274]
Amara Dunkas, [140]
Ambadi, Lake, [126]
American Medical Mission, [223]
Angarebs, [182]
‘Antiquos,’ [182]
Arabia, slave demand in, [212]
Arabic, [198], [224]
Arabs:
as engineers, [29]
characteristics of, [223], [225]
intermixture with negroes, [140]
misrule by, [19]
slave-trade carried on by, [140], [142]
Soudanese settlements of (A.D. 700), [139]
Training College for, [204], [222], [223]
views on slavery, [213]
Ardrup, [154]
Argin, [166]
Assiout Barrage:
beneficial effect of, [89]
construction of, [85], [86]
cost of, [88], [89]
Assouan:
granite outcrop at, [73], [81], [93]; quarries, [93], [94]
journey to, from Luxor, [174]
maximum flood at, variations in, [11]
Nile discharges at, [6]-10, [75], [89]
prosperity of, [91]
‘red’ water at, [8]
site of, [92]
Assouan Dam:
appearance of, [95]-98
Barrage in relation to, [28]
beneficial effects of, [82]-84
compensation cases arising from, [103], [104]
construction of—
difficulties of, [82]
numbers employed in, [82]
time allowed for, [81]
cost of, [88]
dimensions of, [82]
distribution of water stored by, [82], [83], [85]
financial arrangements regarding, [79], [84]
inauguration of, [92], [98]-102
locks on west side of, [82], [96]
nature of, [74], [75]
Philæ champions’ effect on, [76]
suggestion of, [72], [73]
volume of water to be provided by, if raised to full height, [114]
Atbara, Battle of the, [168], [176]
Atbara River:
basin irrigation on, suggested, [236]
disappearance of, [6], [10]
flood-water on, date of, [8]
intercepting of, suggested, [133]
junction of, with Nile, [5]
railway to cross, project of, [230]
soil in district of, [189]
Austrian R.C. Mission, [223]
Azande (Niam-Niams), [145], [194]
Baadi, King, [140], [141]
Babu class non-existent, [224]
Baggara tribes, [190]
Bahr el Gebel. See Nile, White
Bahr el Ghazal:
Kitchener’s gunboats on, [168]
sudd in, [126], [131]
waste of, [5], [124], [125]
Bahr el Ghazal Province:
finances of, [259]
French advance into, [169], [170]
Gessi’s exploits in, [157]
iron in, [244]
nature of country, [189]
rubber from, [239], [244]
situation of, [191]
slave-trade in, [145], [150]
Suleiman’s revolt in, [156]
tribes in, [194]
waterways in, [189], [233]
Bahr el Homr, [169]
Bahr el Zeraf. See under Nile
Bahr Yusuf, [29], [31], [85]
Baker, Sir Benjamin, [70]
Baker, Sir Samuel: dam suggested by (1867), [73]; travels of (1863 and 1870), [128]; Ismail’s employment of, [148], [149]
Baker, Valentine, [164]
Baksheesh, [103]
Bari tribe, [180]
Baring, Sir E. See Cromer
Baro River, [187]
Barrage, nature of, [46]. See also Damietta and Rosetta
Barun negroes, [211]
Basin irrigation. See under Irrigation
Belgians, advance of, [169]
Lado Enclave leased to, [188]
Beni Gerrar, [190]
Beni Omr, [139]
Beni Shangul, [142], [245]
Berber:
colony at, a failure, [227]
fakir suspected of murder in, [210]
Kitchener’s occupation of, [168]
kuttab, model, established at, [222]
railway from Suakin to, project of, [165], [230], [231], [244], [256], [267]-269, [277]
rebuilding of, [177]
situation of, [191]
telegraph from, to Suakin, [256], [257]
Berber Province:
cotton in, [242]; prospects of investment in, [244]
finances of, [259]
irrigation needed in, [235]
sakiehs, derelict, in (1881), [148]
sugar-cane cultivated in, [241]
taxation in, remission of, [249]; incidence of, formerly, [250]
Berea, [20]
Berms, nature of, [16]; irrigation of, [32], [37]
Bersine (Egyptian clover), [36], [39]-41
Blackwater fever, [194]
Blue Nile. See under Nile
Bonchamps Expedition, [170]
Bongo tribe, [145], [180], [194]
Bor, [119], [124], [191]
Borillos, Lake, [20]
Boulé, M., [73]
British rule, native attitude towards, [107]-109, [263]
Brooke, Mr., [55]
Brown, Sir Hanbury, [44], [53], [55]
Cadi, office of, [203], [204]
Cairo:
journey from, to Luxor, [174]
Mohammedan University of, [109]
Nile at—
discharges of, [16], [17]
‘red’ water, [8]
view of, [4]
Caisse de la Dette, [78]
Camels—breeding of, [190], [233]; employment of, [232], [233]
Cassel, Sir E., [79]
Cattle-breeding, [190]
Chak Chak, [194]
Chaltin, [169]
Channurmin, [194]
Cholera, [144]
Clover (bersine), [36], [39]-41
Coal, price of, [228], [255]; absence of, [245]
Coast lands, sinking of, [21]
Coffee, [239], [241]
Commerce. See Soudan, trade
Congo Free State, [169], [187]
Copper-mines, [152], [245]
Corruption, [103], [197]
Corvée:
abolition of, [64], [105]
floods, during, [65], [66]
Government right regarding, maintained, [65]
hardship of, formerly, [44], [59]-63
liability to serve in, [63]
Mehemet Ali’s use of, [24], [27]
periods of demand for, [62]
remains of, [18]
Cotton crop:
diseases of—‘worm’ and ‘hog’ non-existent, [244], [276]
experimental farm at Shendi, [243]
hardiness of, [84]
irrigation of, [40]-42; perennial, required, [24]
seasons of, [40], [41]
Soudan suitable for, [237], [241], [242];
quality produced, [243]
value of, [39]
Cotton goods:
Soudanese imports of, [237], [238]; demand in Kordofan, [270]
Cotton, raw:
Soudanese exports of, [239], [241]
Cotton, Sir Arthur, [74]
Cromer, Lord (Sir Evelyn Baring): Lord Lawrence compared with, [43], [44]; on the Barrage, [58]; arranges financial difficulties of Reservoir scheme, [78], [79], [82]; importance of work represented by, [100]; insight of, [105]; promise of, regarding education, [225]; confidence in, [274]; Report of, quoted, [205], [267], [268]
Dabik, [21]
Dam. See Assouan Dam
Damietta Barrage:
construction of, [47], [49]-53
cost of repairs to, [51]
effect of, in 1884, [50]
useless condition of, formerly, [30], [43]
Damirah, [21]
Danagla tribe, [167]
Dar Nuba, [180]
D’Arnaud, [127]
Darfur:
Belgian advance to, [169]
disturbance on borders of, [192]
feathers from, [180], [239], [241]
founding of sultanate of, [140]
independence of, [190], [274]
Ismail’s annexation of, [151], [152]
Khalifa from, [165]
nature of country, [188]
rebellion in (1877), [155], [156]; revolt against the Khalifa, [166]
Sultan of, [190], [192], [193], [274]
Dates, Dongola varieties of, [229]
tax on, [39], [252]
Dem Zubehr, [169], [194]
Dembo tribe, [146]
Dervishes, [165], [166], [186], [191]
Dinder River, [187], [242]
Dinka tribe, [145], [180], [194]
Diseases:
blackwater fever, [194]
cholera, [144]
malaria, [189], [234]
research connected with, [225]
Dhurra, [236], [276]
Dongola:
colony at, a failure, [227]
dervish occupation of, [165]
fakir charged with poisoning in, [208]-210
Kitchener’s occupation of, [168]
kuttab, model, established at, [222]
situation of, [191]
Dongola Expedition (1896), [166]
Dongola Province:
climate of, [229]
cotton in, [242]; prospects of investment in, [244]
dates in, [229]
irrigation needed in, [235]
Land Commission in, [202]
land-tax, proportion contributed by, [259]
language of, [190]
Mahdi, the, a native of, [160]
population of, [230]
profits of, [258], [259]
railway in, [229], [230]
sakiehs, derelict, in (1881), [148]
sugar-cane cultivated in, [241]
taxation in, remission of, [249]; incidence of, formerly, [250]
trade of, [230]
Drainage, [87], [88]
Duem:
district near, [235]
gum from, [240]
railway from, suggested, [232]
telegraph at, [257]
Duffile, [5], [119], [169]
Ed Damer, [272]
Edka, Lake, [20]
Education. See under Soudan
Egypt:
Abyssinia, relations with. See under Abyssinia
Agricultural Bank, [105]
cultivable land in, situation of, [13]; amount of, [37]
finances of—
Agricultural Bank, [105]
Caisse de la Dette, [78]
international complications of, [78]
reproductive expenditure, [88], [104]
government of, [261]
irrigation. See Irrigation
Egypt, Lower:
crops, table of, [38]
irrigation improvement in, due to Dam, [83]
Egypt, Upper:
basin irrigation in, [16]
characteristics of, [68], [69]
crops in—
cotton, [41]
rice, [42]
summer, [39]; increase in, due to Barrage, [50], [51], [55]
table of, [38]
cultivable land in, [13], [37]
Egyptians:
Arab attitude towards, [223]
army—
fellaheen’s dislike to service in, [33], [265]
officers, grievances of, [108], [109]
British rule, attitude towards, [107]-109
characteristics of, [106], [109]; physical, [33], [180]
slave-trade encouraged by, [145], [154], [155]
Soudan—
Government posts in, held by, [197], [198], [266]
misrule of, [144]-148
El Fasher, [164]
El Nemr, [143]
El Obeid:
gum from, [181], [240]
Mahdi’s victory over, [162]
railway to, from Omdurman, suggested, [232]
slave-trade suppression inspector at, [212]
Soudanese Cadi appointed to, [204]
telegraph at, [257]
El Teb, [164]
Emin Bey, [151], [156]
Equatoria:
Baker’s expedition to, [128]
Emin’s rule of, [156]
Gordon appointed Governor-General of, [150]
Eritrea, [187], [191], [274]
Fakirs, [208]-210
Famaka, [168], [187]
Fashoda:
French advance to, [169], [170]
Shilluk rising at, [157]
telegraph to, [257]
Fashoda Province:
cotton wild in, [241]
finances of, [259]
natives of, [193]
situation of, [191]
tobacco in, [241]
Fatiko, [150]
Fayoum:
exceptional character of, [13]
irrigated lands in, [31]; increase of, due to Dam, [83]
Mœris, Lake, in, [29]
water-wheels in, [34]
Fazokhl:
British and Egyptian advance to, [168]
Fungs at, [140]
Ismail’s advance to, [142]
tobacco produced at, [241]
Feathers, exports of, from Soudan, [180], [239], [241]; tax on, [253]
Fellaheen. See Egyptians
Finance. See under Egypt and Soudan
Football, [220]
Foster, E. W. P., [44]
French:
engineers, work of, [29]. See also Mougel
Fashoda, advance of, [169], [170]
Wadai occupied by, [273]
French Congoland, [187]
Fuel, price of, [228], [255]
Fungs, [140], [141]
Gallabat:
cotton grown at, [242]
railway to, suggested, [232]
telegraph at, [257]
Garstin, Sir W.: surveys by, [44], [115], [123], [126]; quoted, [114], [121], [122], [130]; cited, [119], [122]
Gash. See Khor Gash
Gedaref:
colony at, [228]
cotton grown at, [242]
Mahdi’s success at, [164]
railway to, suggested, [232]
telegraph at, [257]
Gessi, [129], [157], [158]
Gharbia, [45], [64]
Ghazal River. See Bahr el Ghazal
Ghezireh (Island of Sennar):
profits of, [259]
railway in, suggested, [232]
situation of, [191]
soil of, [191], [235], [236], [242]
Ginnis, [165]
Gizeh, irrigation improvement in, [83]
Pyramids of, [63], [94]
Godavery Dam, [74]
Gold:
Nile Valley Gold Mining Company, [232]
prospecting licenses for, [245]
undesirability of, for Soudan, [245]
Golo tribe, [146], [194]
Gondokoro (Ismailia):
Baker’s arrival at (1871), [150]
boats plying to, [233]
position of, [187]
Gordon, General: Ismail’s employment of, [148]; Governor-General of Equatoria, [150]; attitude of, towards slave trade, [150], [151]; advises occupation of Mombasa, [153]; recalled to the Soudan, [155]; quells Darfur rebellion, [155], [156]; tours of, [156]; returns to England, [157]; sent to evacuate the Soudan, [163]; death of, [165]
Gordon College:
bacteriological research laboratory at, [217], [224]
buildings and situation of, [178], [214]-217
character of, [217], [224]
funds of, [216], [217]
technical workshop apparatus at, [217], [221]
Goz Abu Goma, [257]
Graham, General, [164], [165]
Granite at Assouan, [73], [81], [93]; in the Atbara region, [189]
Greek traders, [245], [246]
Grenfell, General Lord, [166]
Guinea worm, [234]
Gum:
exports of, from Soudan (1879-1881), [239]; (1899-1900), [240]
price of, [240]
sorting of, [180]
substitutes for, [240]
tax on, [253]
uses of, [239]
Guttapercha (rubber), [239], [244]; tax on, [253]
Halfa (see also Wadi Halfa):
British appearance of, [175]
primary school at, [218], [222]
situation of, [191]
Halfa Province, profits of, [259]
Halfaya:
characteristics of, [177]
industrial school to be removed to, [220]
Hamegs, [140], [141], [143]
Harrar, [152], [153], [156]
Harûn, [156]
Hashab, [239], [240]
Hashin, [165]
Hellet Abbas, [227]
Herodotus, [70], [134]
Hicks Pasha, [162]
Hofrat-en-Nahas, [152], [169], [245]
Hunter, General, [176]
Ibrahim, [142]
Ibrahimiyah Canal, [30], [63], [85], [89]
India:
administrators from, [43]
Soudanese trade with, formerly, [231], [237], [238]
Indian corn (maize), [40], [55]
Iron, [146], [244]
Irrigation:
basin—
extent of system in Upper Egypt, [16]
improvements in, [15]
invention of, [13]
method of, [13]-15
expenditure on, in twenty years, [88]
perennial—
advantages and disadvantages of, [25], [26]
Corvée hardships incidental to, [61]
high flood in relation to, [132]
Mehemet Ali’s schemes of, [23]-26
pumping-engines, [35]; system of rotations, [56]
responsibilities connected with, [111], [112]
Soudan, in, need and scope for, [234]-236, [242], [243]
Islam, [160], [161]
Ismail, Khedive: corvée employed by, [30], [31], [62]; characteristics of, [31], [71]; Soudan under, [139], [148]; annexations by, [149], [169]; slave policy of, [149]; impending ruin of, [151]
Ismail Pasha Ayoub, [128]
Ismail (son of Mehemet Ali), [142], [143]
Ismailia (Gondokoro), [150]
Italians, Massowah under, [169], [274]
stone-cutters, [82]
Ivory, [180], [239], [253]
Jaaffer Pasha, [147]
Jaalin tribe, [167], [186]
John, King of Abyssinia, [154]
Juba River Expedition, [153], [154]
Jur River, [131], [194], [233]
Jur tribe, [146], [194]
Justice, idea of, [205], [206]
Kabbabish tribe, [166], [190]
Kantar, equivalent of, [84]
Karnak, [174]
Kassala:
colony at, [227], [228]
cotton factory formerly at, [242]
railway branch to, suggested, [232]
situation of, [191]
sugar-cane and tobacco cultivated at, [241]
telegraph at, [257]
Kassala Province (Taka):
coffee from, [239]
cotton from, [241]
educational facilities non-existent in, [223]
Egyptian tyranny over, [144]
finances of, [259]
Kerma, [229]
Kerreri, [168], [183]
Khalifa Abdullah: Mahdi succeeded by, [165]; advance of, [166]; tyranny of, [167], [186]; fall of, [168]; house of, [180]; carriage of, [181]; learning suppressed by, [216]
Khanoon Humayoum, [201]
Khartoum:
British battalion at, maintenance of, [263]
climate of, [179]
court of appeal at, [202]
fall of, to the Mahdi, [165]
football at, [220]
gardens at, [235]
Gordon besieged in, [164]
Gordon College at. See Gordon College
Greek traders in, [246]
gum sorting at, [240]
journey to, from Alexandria, [173]-177
mudirieh of, [191]
mutiny at, [192]
Nile, discharges of, [6], [8]; view of, [179]
primary school at, [218], [219], [222]
quarters and condition of, [178], [179]
situation of, [5], [177]
slave-trade centre at, [144]
Suakin, railway connection with, project of, [230], [231], [244], [256], [267]-269, [277]
telegraph to Duem from, [257]
Khartoumers, [145], [149]
Khor Baraka, [242]
Khor Gash, [187], [228]; alluvial deposits of, [241], [242]
Kind, payment in, [252]
Kitchener, Lord: advance of, blocked by sudd, [129]; successes of, [168]; interest of, in Gordon College, [216]-218
Koran, study of, [221], [222]
Kordofan:
Achmet’s conquest of, [143]
cotton goods, demand for, in, [270]
Egyptian tyranny over, [144]
feathers from, [239], [241]
gum from, [180]
iron in, [245]
Mahdi, a, captured in, [162], [195], [272]
mixed race in, [190]
nature of country, [188]
Nuba settlers in, [140]; raiding by, [193]
profits of, [258]
rising in (1878), [156]
situation of, [191]
tobacco and sugar-cane in [241]
Korosko, [174]; desert, [168]
Korti, [165], [176]
Kosheh, [165]
Kurshid, [144]
Kuttabs, [221]-223
Lado, Nile discharges at, [6], [8]
Lado Enclave, [188], [261]
Lakes, [20], [21]
Lawrence, Lord, [44]
Linant Pasha, [27], [46]
Liotard, M., [169]
Lupton Bey, [164]
Luxor, [174]
McKillop Pasha, [153]
Mahdi, the (Sheikh Mohammed Ahmed): rising of, [160]-165; death of, [165]; tomb of, [181]; attitude of, towards Sheikh-es-Senussi, [273]
Mahdis, various, [195], [272], [276]
Maize (Indian corn), [40], [55]
Malaria, [189], [234]
Mamurs, [192], [202]
Manures, [36], [37]
Marchand, Captain, [169], [170]
Mareotis, Lake, [20]
Marno, [129]
Martial law, [200]
Martyr, Colonel, [129]
Massowah:
Egyptian army’s retreat to, [154]
Ismail’s purchase of, [149]
Italian possession of, [169], [274]
Mather, Sir W., [217], [221]
Mehemet Ali: career and works of, [23]-29; scientific expedition despatched by, [127]; Soudanese Empire founded by, [139], [141], [142]; otherwise mentioned, [70], [71]
Mekhemeh Sharia, [203]
Menelik, King, [154], [193]
Menes, King, [4], [13]
Menoufia, [45], [64]
Menzalah, Lake, [20], [21]
Merowe, [165], [168]
Meshra el Rek, [168], [194]
Messalamia, [257]
Metemmeh:
Achmet’s massacre at, [143]
Jaalin massacred at, [186]
relief expedition to, [165]
Military government, nature of, [198]
Missionaries, sphere of, [223]
Mœris, Lake, [29], [70]
Mohamed Pasha Said, [162]
Mohammed Ahmed, Sheikh. See Mahdi
Mohammedan law, sacred, [203], [204]
Universities, [215]
Moncrieff, Sir Colin Scott. See Scott-Moncrieff
Mongalla, [187]
Mombasa, Gordon’s advice regarding, [153]; railway, [118]
Mosque el Azhar, [109]
Mosquitoes, [126], [132], [234], [276]
Mougel Bey, [29], [30], [46], [58]
M’tesa, King, [150], [151]
Mukhtar Pasha, [102]
Mudirs, [191], [192], [258]
Napoleon, [27], [28]; letter of, to Abd-el-Rahman, [151]
Navigation of canals, freedom of, [45]
Negroes:
Arabian intermixture with, [140], [189], [190]
Barun, [211]
Nejumi, [166]
Neufeld, Charles, [181]
Niam-Niams (Azande), [145], [194]
Nile River:
Bahr el Zeraf—
course of, [126]-128
scheme regarding, [120]
slave stations on, [150]
Blue-
course of, between Lake Tsana and Khartoum, [116]
exploration of (1902-1903), [115] flood on, date of, [8]; suggestion of intercepting, [133]
height of banks of, above Khartoum, [235]
irrigation works on, arguments for, [117], [236]
junction of, with White Nile, [184]
Khartoum, discharges at, [6], [8]; viewed from, [179]
traffic on, [233]
cataracts of, [6]
course of, [5]
Dam. See Assouan Dam
Damietta branch of—
Barrage on. See Damietta Barrage
Mehemet Ali’s plan regarding, [27]
Zifta Barrage on, [87]
deflection of, by ancient enemies of Egypt, [112], [113]
discharges of, [6]-10, [75], [89]
‘green’ water, [7]
floods, corvée during, [65], [66]
gauges of, [66]
importance of, [4], [112], [113], [184], [277]
low, period of recurrence of, [83], [84]
‘red’ water, [8]
Reservoir. See Assouan Dam
rise of, dates of, [7]-9
Rosetta branch of, Barrage on. See Rosetta Barrage
Somerset, [5], [120], [121]
special measures regarding, in 1900, [56], [57]
sudd in. See Sudd
sunsets on, [76]
weirs on, to relieve Barrage, [54]
White-
Austrian R.C. Mission on, [223]
Bahr el Gebel—
Baker’s ascent of, [128]
channel of, [119], [124]
course of, [125]
danger from excessive flood in, [132]
sudd in, [126], [129]
Baker’s expedition up (1861), [149]
bed of, [119]
discharge of, maximum, [8]
garrisons on, [151]
‘green’ water in, [7]
importance of, [9]
islands in, irrigation on, [235]
junction of, with Blue Nile, [184]
Mehemet Ali’s scientific expedition sent to, [127]
name of, [5]
population on, [119]
slave-trade along, [145]
traffic on, [233]
Valley of, [118]
Zero, meaning of, [11]
Nile Valley—
Administration of, varieties in, [261]
trade route by, [231], [237], [254], [268]
Nile Valley Gold Mining Company, [232]
Nileland, one authority for, [135], [275], [276]
Nili, [11]
No, Lake, [119], [120], [193]; origin of, [124], [125]
Nubas, [140], [193]
Nubia:
antiquities of, [174]
Gold Mining Company in, [232]
native boatmen in, [175]
Nubian Desert, [135], [175]
Nuers, [193]
Omdurman:
buildings, etc., in, [181], [182]
characteristics of, [179], [180]
Government factories at, [177]
Greek traders in, [245], [246]
growth of population of, under Khalifa, [167]
industrial school at, [220], [221]
Kitchener’s capture of, [168]
market of, [168], [181], [182], [271]
primary school at, [218], [219]; training college in connection with, [204], [222], [223]; kuttab in connection with, [222]
railway to El Obeid from, suggested, [232]
situation of, [180]
Taaisha tribe settled at, [167]
Osman Digna, [165], [166]
Ostrich-farming, [241]. See also Feathers
Papyrus, [125]
Peel, Captain Sir William, quoted, [135], [136]
Perfumeries, [183], [230], [237], [238]
Philæ, [75]-77, [94], [174]
Pibor River, [187]
Portland cement, [52], [53], [82]
Pumping. See under Irrigation
Pyramids, [27], [63], [94]
Rahad River, [6], [187], [242]
Ramadan, [93]
Raouf Pasha, [152], [153], [159]
Rayah Behera, [45]
Rayah Menoufia, [45]
Rayah Tewfiki, [45]
Reform, native attitude towards, [106]
Reid, Mr., [44], [50]
Rejaf, [119], [169]
Reproductive works, [88], [104]
Reservoir, ancient, [70], [71], [95]
modern. See Assouan Dam
Rhodes, Cecil, [257]
Rice, cultivation of, [41], [42]; imports of, [237], [238]
‘Ride across the Nubian Desert, A,’ [135], [136]
Ripon Falls, [133]
Rosaires:
cataracts of, [117]
slave-trade suppression inspector at, [212]
steamer communication with, [233]
Rosetta Barrage:
appearance of, [96], [97]
cement used in, amount of, [53]
construction of, [46], [47], [50]-53
cost of repairs to, [51]
effect of, in 1884, [49], [50]
Mehemet Ali’s scheme for, [27]
structure of, [44]
subsidence in, [30], [43], [47]
weir to relieve, [54], [55]
Ross, Colonel, [44], [89]
Rubber (guttapercha), [239], [244]; tax on, [253]
Rumbek, [194]
Ruwenzori, [135]
Sabaini, [41]
Said Pasha: corvée employed by, [62]; desirous of evacuating Soudan, [146]; reforms of, [147]
Sakiehs (water-wheels):
numbers of, between Khartoum and Berber, [234], [235]
structure of, [34]
taxation of, [147], [250]
Salt, injurious effect of, [19], [40]
Scents, [183], [230], [237], [238]
Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Colin: Baring’s support of, [44]; decision of, on pumping-stations, [48]; intercedes for Mougel Bey, [58]
Seasons, [10], [11], [35]
Setit River, [187]
Semliki River, [121]
Senna, [239]
Sennar:
Arabian settlements in (A.D. 700), [139]
civilization, former, [140], [141], [272]
cotton formerly grown in, [242]
Egyptian tyranny over, [144]
finances of, [259]
kuttab at capital of, [222]
Mahdi in, [162]
murder case from, [207]
situation of, [191]
telegraph in, [257]
University formerly in, [272]
Sennar, Island of. See Ghezireh
Serut fly, [233], [234]
Shadoofs, [32]-34
Shambe, [120], [126], [194]
Sharaki lands, [14], [15], [89], [249]
Shilluks:
cotton neglected by, [241]
King of, tax-collecting emulated by, [193]
Omdurman, at, [180]
slaves raided from, [140]
Sheikh-es-Senussi, [273]
Shellal, [174]
Shendi:
climate and soil of, [188]
cotton farm at, [243]
Crewe of the Soudan, [177]
Ismail murdered at, [143]
Sinkat, [164], [230]
Slatin, Sir Rudolf von, [164], [181]; cited, [167]; quoted, [226]
Slave-trade:
Abyssinian frontier, raiding on, [211]
Arabian occupation in, [140], [142]; Arabian market for, [212]
British measures against, [212], [271]
Egyptian responsibility for, [145], [154], [155]
Gordon’s suppression of, [150], [151]
Ismail’s policy regarding, [149]
Khalifa, under, [168]
Khartoum a centre of, [144]
Soudan, prevalence in, [142], [155]; fostered by overtaxation, [250]
Wadai, at, [273]
Slavery, Arab view of, [213]
Small-pox, inoculation for, [272]
Soap, manufacture of, [238]
Sobat River:
Abyssinian agreement regarding, [113]
American Medical Mission on, [223]
district south of, [189]
garrisons on, [151]
‘green’ water from tributaries of, [7]
importance of, [5], [119]
trade possibilities of, [233]
white sediment in, [5]
Sobat Valley, rainfall in, [8]
Sohagia Canal, [16]
Somaliland, [153]
Sorghum crops, [41]
Soudan (for special towns and districts, see their titles):
agriculture in, importance of, [234], [245]
loans for, [234]
area of, [188]
boundaries of, [171], [175], [186]-188
British administration of, [186]; native attitude towards, [196]
capital of, [173]
climates of, [188]
colonization in, [227]
Convention of 1899, [262]
Customs receipts. See Soudan, finances
depopulation of, [185]; increase of population, [227], [230]
diseases. See Diseases
education—
Cromer, Lord, on, [225]
Department of, [201], [217]
elementary character of, required, [216]
English, teaching of, [224]
expenditure on, in three years, [218]
Gordon College. See Gordon College
kuttabs, [221]-223
primary schools established, [218], [219]; kuttabs, [221]-223
technical, [217], [220], [221]
training college for Sheikhs, [222], [223]
Egypt—
army of occupation from, maintenance of, [255], [264]
financial relations with. See Soudan, finances
importance of Soudan to, [114], [115], [265]
rule of, [144]-148
evacuation of, contemplated, [163]
finances (see also Soudan, taxation)—
Budget, [247], [249], [250]; for 1902, [253]; estimates for 1903, [257]
capital, dearth of, [234], [266]
Customs duties on land side retained by Egypt, [253], [254], [263]
Egyptian control of, [247]; contribution, amount of, [259], [260], [266]; expenditure, 1899-1903, [263]
public works, expenditure on, [258]
revenue, sources of, [247], [248]
sound condition of, [260]
flood-gauges in, [66]
gold in, rumours of, [141], [142]; undesirability of, [245]
government of—
British officials, versatility required of, [195], [196], [198], [199]; keenness of, [196]; age of, [197]; changes among, [275]; status of, [275]
Egyptian officials, [197], [198], [266]
methods of, [190]-192
nature of, [261]-263
investments in cotton in, prospects for, [244]
irrigation. See Irrigation
justice, administration of, [201]-203, [206]-211
kidnapping in, [212]
land-measuring, instruction in, [219]
land-ownership in, [198], [202]; Government the admitted owner, [249]
land-tax. See Soudan, taxation
legal administration in, [201]-203, [206], [207]
legal adviser in, [201]; cited, [207]
manufactures of, [242]
Mehemet Ali’s influence on, [139], [141]
nomad tribes in, [192], [250], [251]
penal code of, [201]
petitions to Governor-General in, [211], [249]
population of, increasing, [227], [230]
post and telegraphs, [254], [256], [257]
provinces of, [191]
railways in—
capital expenditure on, [256], [260], [264]
Halfa-Kerma, [229]
Halfa-Khartoum, [228]
Suakin-Berber, project of, [165], [230], [231], [244], [256], [267]-269, [277]
takings of, [254], [255]
various, suggestion of, [232]
skilled labour, dearth of, [220]
slave-trade. See Slave-trade
Steamer and Boats Department, [255]
Stewart’s report on (1883), [159], [171], [237]
taxation in—
amount raised by, annually, [251]
date-tax, [252]
gum, etc., on, [253]
land-tax—
amounts of, [252]
assessment of, [219]
Dongola, contribution from, [259]
proportion of taxation raised by, [252]
lightness of, [253], [267]
tribute, [192], [250], [251]
Ushur, [252]
various items in Budget of 1902, [253]
telegraphs in, [254], [256], [257]
trade in—
Greeks engaged in, [245], [246]
Indian, former, [231], [237], [238]
Nile Valley route for, [231], [237], [254], [268]
obstacles to, [226], [227]
returns of imports and exports, [237]-239
water-ways for, [233]
transport in, difficulties of, [227], [228]; improvements in, [232]
Turk, native attitude towards, [142], [193]
war in, cost of, [263]
reservoir project affected by, [78]
Soudanese:
Arab, [189], [190]
illiteracy of, [216]
negro, [189], [190]
women—
appearance of, [183]
coiffure of, [183]
employments of, [178], [180]
Mahdi, woman as, [195]
military honour regarded by, [176]
mutiny at Khartoum concerning, [192]
Stewart, Colonel D. H.: report by, on the Soudan, [159], [171], [237]; death of, [171]; list of tribes by, [185], [186]
Suakin:
Customs receipts at, decrease in, [254]
Ismail’s purchase of, [149]
primary school at, [218], [222]
railway to Berber from, project of, [165], [230], [231], [244], [256], [267]-269, [277]
situation of, [191]
telegraphs from, [257]
trade returns at, [237]-239
Sudd:
clearing of, [129]-132, [233]
nature of, [126]
obstructions caused by, [127]-129, [158]
Sueh River, [169]
Suez Canal, [62], [149]
Sugar, Soudanese imports of, [238], [241], [265]
Sugar-cane, [39], [41], [241]
Suleiman (son of Zubehr), [152], [155]-157
Sultâni, [41]
Taaisha tribe, [165], [167]
Taboot, [34]
Taha Ali, [207], [208]
Taiara, [239]
Taka. See Kassala
Tamai, [164], [165]
Tamarinds, [239]
Taufikieh, [223]
Taxation:
collection of taxes—
extortion formerly connected with, [159], [160], [248], [250]
Shilluk King’s attempts at, [193]
time of, [105], [248]
principles of, [248], [249]
reduction of, [105]
remission of, [249]
sakiehs, of, [147], [250]
slave trade fostered by excessive, [250]
Soudan, in. See Soudan, taxation in
Tembura, [169]
Tewfik, Khedive, [157]
Thames, discharges of, at Teddington, [9] note
Thebes, Plain of, [174]
Timbuctoo, fakir from, [208]-210
Tinnis, [21]
Tobacco, [237], [238], [241]
Tokar:
cotton produced at, [242]
garrison at (1883), [164]
recapture of (1891), [166]
telegraph at, [257]
Tonj, [194]
Torricelli, Signor, [73]
Toski, [166]
‘Track of the forty days,’ [142]
Trade. See Soudan, trade in
Transvaal War, [186], [200]
Tribute, [192], [250], [251]
Tsana, Lake:
dam at, scheme of, [116]-118
exploration of (1902-1903), [115]
site of, [116]
treaty regarding (1902), [113]
Tunah, [21]
Tuti Island, [143], [177]
Turkey:
Commissioner from, for proposed British evacuation, [102]
Soudanese attitude towards, [142], [193]
Suakin and Massowah purchased from, [149]
suzerainty of, over Egypt, but not over Soudan, [261]
Zeila purchased from, [153]
Uganda:
administration of, [261]
Baker’s relations with, [150]
British protectorate over, declared, [169]
dams on lakes in, scheme of, [118]-123
Gordon’s treaty with, [151]
railway along Abyssinian frontier to, suggested, [232]
Soudanese boundary of, [187]
swamps in, [6]
telegraph tariff to obtain in, [257]
‘Um soof,’ [126], [129]
Umbrellas, imports of, [238]
Unyoro, [150], [169]
Ushur, [252]
Vansleb, F., quoted, [71], [112]
Victoria Nyanza, dam on, scheme for, [118]-123
regulator at, suggested, [132], [133]
Wad Medani;
district from, to Duem, [235]
flour-mills at, [234]
kuttab, model, at, [222]
railway to, suggested, [232]
telegraph at, [257]
Wadai, [273]
Wadi Halfa (see also Halfa):
railway from, [168]
voyage to, from Shellal, [174]
Wages, increase in, [109]
Wau, [131], [194], [233]
Water-wheels. See Sakiehs
Wellcome, Mr., [217], [224]
Western, Colonel, [44], [50]
Whale-headed stork, [5]
White ants, [256], [276]
White Nile. See under Nile
Whitehouse, Cope, [72]
Willcocks, Sir William: work of, on Rosetta Barrage, [48], [49]; report of, on Nile Dam, [73]; cited, [128]; otherwise mentioned, [44], [64]
Wingate, Sir Reginald: position of, [185]; age of, [197]; quoted on possibilities of irrigation, [235], [236]
Wodehouse, General, [166]
Yusuf Pasha, [162]
Zeila, [153]
Zifta Barrage, [87], [88]
Zubehr, [150], [152], [155], [157], [163]

THE END

BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD

MAP OF
EGYPT and the SOUDAN
1904

London: Stanford’s Geog^l. Estab^t.

[(Large-size)]

London: Edward Arnold.