[80] Often called the columella cranii.
[81] See C.K. Hoffmann, in Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, Bd. VI., 3 abth. 1885-90.
[82] Some anatomists consider that the closing in of the brain case in front is entirely due to the frontals and parietals.
[83] E.D. Cope, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1875, vol. II., The vertebrata of the Cretaceous formations of the west. E.D. Cope, P. Boston Soc. 1862, XII. p. 250. O.C. Marsh, Amer. J. Sci., 1872, vol. 3. R. Owen, Quart. J. Geol. Soc., 1877, and 1878.
[84] J.W. Hulke, Presidential address to the Geol. Soc. of London, 1883 and 1884. O.C. Marsh, many papers in the Amer. J. Sci. from 1878 onwards, also in the Geol. Mag. R. Owen, History of British fossil reptiles: Dinosauria (Palaeont. Soc.).
[85] The diagnostic characters of the different groups of Dinosaurs are in the main those given by von Zittel.
[86] See O.C. Marsh, Amer. J. Sci. (3), vol. 48, 1894, p. 85.
[87] See C.B. Brühl, Das Skelet der Krokodiliden, Wien, 1862. C.K. Hoffmann in Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, Bd. VI. Abth. III. 1881-85. T.H. Huxley, Proc. Linn. Soc. (Zoology) 1860 vol. IV. p. 1. R. Owen, History of British fossil Reptiles. Crocodilia (Palaeont. Soc.). A. Smith Woodward, Geol. Mag. 1885, 3rd dec. II. p. 496. A. Smith Woodward, Proc. of Geologists' Assoc. vol. IX. p. 288, 1886.
[88] See H.G. Seeley, On the Organisation of the Ornithosauria, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zoology) vol. XIII. p. 84. K.A. Zittel, Ueber Flugsaurier aus dem lithographischen schiefer, Palaeontograph. XXIX. p. 49.
[89] Another view commonly held is that the neural and costal plates are respectively formed by the expanded neural arches and ribs.