The carpus is in a very simple unmodified condition as compared with that of the Frog. It consists of a proximal row of two bones and a distal row of four, with one, the centrale, interposed between. All these bones are small and polygonal and are imbedded in a plate of cartilage.

The bones of the proximal row are a smaller pre-axial bone, the radiale (fig. 23, B, 13), and a larger postaxial bone, which represents the fused ulnare and intermedium of the very simple carpus described on pp. 26 and 27.

The four bones of the distal row are respectively carpalia 2, 3, 4 and 5.

The hand consists of four digits, that corresponding to the thumb of the human hand, judging from the analogy of the frog probably being the one that is absent.

Fig. 23. A right posterior, and B right anterior limb of a Newt × 1½ (Molge cristata).

1. femur.10. humerus.
2. tibia.11. radius.
3. fibula.12. ulna.
4. tibiale.13. radiale.
5. intermedium.14. intermedium and ulnare fused.
6. fibulare.15. centrale of carpus, the pointing
7. centrale of tarsus.line passes across carpale 2.
8. tarsale 1.16. carpale 3.
9. tarsalia 4 and 5 fused.17. carpale 5.
I. II. III. IV. V. digits.

Each digit consists of a somewhat elongated metacarpal and of two or three phalanges. The metacarpals are contracted in the middle and expanded at either end. They are connected with the carpus by cartilage, and the articulations between the several phalanges, and between the metacarpals and phalanges are also cartilaginous. The second, third, and fifth digits have two phalanges apiece, the fourth, which is the longest, has three. The second metacarpal in the specimen examined and figured articulates partly with carpale 2, partly with carpale 3.

C. The Pelvic girdle.

The pelvic girdle of the Newt is in a much less modified condition than is that of the Frog (see p. 165). It consists of a dorsal element, the ilium, a posterior ventral element, the ischium, and an anterior ventral element, the pubis, to which is attached an epipubis.