[430] Ibid.; also Circular of 14th December 1852, in Fifth Annual Report, 1852, pp. 28-31. The Salford Union took part in a meeting of Lancashire Guardians on the subject (Salford Union to Poor Law Board, 26th October 1855, in Eighth Annual Report, 1855, p. 50).
[431] Letter to Board of Guardians, Ashton-under-Lyne Union, 8th October 1852; in House of Commons, No. 111 of 1852-3, p. 14.
[432] General Order, 14th December 1852, and Circular of same date, in Fifth Annual Report, 1852, pp. 24, 29.
[433] Circular of 14th December 1852, in Fifth Annual Report, 1852, p. 29.
[434] Out of a total of outdoor paupers on 1st January 1871 (exclusive of vagrants and the insane) of 880,709, the destitution was "caused by old age or permanent disability" in the case of 423,206, viz. 117,681 men, 265,638 women, and 39,887 children dependent on them (Twenty-third Annual Report, 1870-1, p. 378).
[435] It must be remembered that, as already mentioned, it was no part of the policy of the Central Authority to relieve in the workhouse any of the aged and infirm or of the sick who preferred to remain outside, and who were (so far as the published documents show) to continue to receive outdoor relief.
[436] Second Annual Report, 1849, p. 159.
[437] Life and Times of Thomas Wakley, by S. Squire Sprigge, 1897. See, for a contemporary indictment, The Russell Predictions on the Working Classes, the National Debt and the New Poor Law Dissected, by John Bowen, 1850.
[438] Pauperism and Poor Laws, by Robert Pashley, Q.C., 1852, pp. 364-5.
[439] On 1st January 1871 we estimate that of the 55,832 children on indoor relief, only 4979 were in district schools, and some 9000 in union boarding schools, leaving about 40,000 living in the workhouses.